the seven years war*
DESCRIPTION
The Seven Years War*. * But lasted NINE years. The Seven Years War. 1754 -1763 First global conflict – fought on 5 continents and 3 oceans Some historians argue that THIS war is the real “World War One” In America, we often refer to it as the French & Indian War. Causes of War. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Seven Years War*
* Lasted NINE years
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The Seven Years War• 1754 -1763• First global conflict –
fought on 5 continents and 3 oceans
• Some historians argue that THIS war is the real “World War One”
• In America, we often refer to it as the French & Indian War
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Causes of War• France and England were
competing for colonies in America, Africa, and India
• Austria and Prussia were competing for influence in the German microstates of Central Europe
• Russia wanted to limit Prussian aggression in Eastern Europe
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Tangled Alliances• In Europe
– England allied with Prussia– France allied with Austria and
Russia• In North America
– France allied with Native American tribes
– English enlisted help from their American colonists
• In India– English allied themselves with
one set of minor princes– French allied themselves with a
different set of minor princes
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The World at War
• Blue = England & Allies • Green = France & Allies
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War in North America• Early English attacks on
French forts in the Ohio River Valley failed, but thanks to English naval superiority, the English were eventually able to capture Canada
• The fighting in North America, also known as the French & Indian War, is where a young George Washington gained his first military experience
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War in the Caribbean• English captured the
French sugar islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, as well as the Spanish city of Havana, Cuba
• English, French, and Spanish fleets did battle multiple times in the Caribbean, but the English nearly always won
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War in Africa• English raiders
captured numerous French trading posts along the West African coast
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War in India• English and their
local allies captured French forts and trading posts, eventually pushing the French out of India altogether
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War in South America & Pacific• Spanish (allied with the
French) and Portuguese (allied with the English) raided back and forth between Spanish South American colonies and Portuguese Brazil
• English captured the Spanish colonial capital of Manila in the Philippines (an archipelago in the Western Pacific Ocean)
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War in Europe• Prussia fought off attacks
from the French, Austrians and Russians with practically no military help from the English (except at sea)
• Just as Prussia was starting to falter, Russia’s tsarina died and the new tsar (Peter III) pulled Russia out of the war
• Peter was assassinated just 6 months later, leaving his wife Catherine, a PRUSSIAN PRINCESS as tsarina of Russia
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Peace Settlements• Treaty of Paris
– France gave Canada to England and agreed to English control of India and several former French colonies in Africa; France also gave Spain Louisiana
– England returned Caribbean sugar islands to France
– Spain gave Florida to England• Treaty of Hubertusburg
– Returned all boundaries in Europe to where they were before the war
• Native American tribes were excluded from all peace talks
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Costs of War• Over 1 million dead• France and England both nearly
bankrupt from overspending on the war, a situation which led directly to both the American and French Revolutions
• Native American tribes, unhappy with their situation, stepped up attacks against English settlers
• England now faced with having to pay for soldiers to defend their new colonies, especially in America