the settlement side of shelter: current usaid/ofda project activity in afghanistan
DESCRIPTION
The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan. Charles A. Setchell, Shelter and Settlements Advisor, USAID/OFDA. SETTLEMENTS, the “Where?” of Humanitarian Mandates. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Settlement Side of Shelter:
Current USAID/OFDA
Project Activity in
Afghanistan
Charles A. Setchell,Shelter and Settlements Advisor, USAID/OFDA
![Page 2: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SETTLEMENTS, the “Where?” of Humanitarian Mandates
![Page 3: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where Settlements are located,How they have developed,How rapidly they grow,How strong their economies are, andHow well they are managed, esp. in times of crisis…
Will largely determine whether they become the sites of future disasters -- and HUM responses
![Page 4: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The TRENDS Affecting Settlements Are Many, and
Include…• The Future Is Urban. Global population will increase from 6.2 billion to 8.3 billion from ’03-’30; 100% located in the cities of developing countries!
• Increasing Poverty. Over 3.0 billion people -- one-half of humanity -- currently survive on per capita incomes of no more than $2/day, up from 2.5 billion in 1987. Millions more earn only slightly more.
• Increasing Vulnerability. More people are living in hazard-prone areas, and environmental conditions in/near settlements are often degraded.
• Increasing Conflict. Crime, security, conflict
![Page 5: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A Case of Disasters by Design?
• Are tomorrow’s disasters being incorporated into today’s development processes?
• What is our role in these processes, in the era of “developmental relief”?
• What of the flip-side, “humanitarian
development”?
![Page 6: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Disasters/crises accelerate and exacerbate the urbanization process
• Typical humanitarian response to disaster/crisis-induced displacement is “return to village of origin,” reflecting both rural bias and misunderstanding of the underlying dynamic
• How to reconcile, given need to develop a strategy?
Macro-level Implications for Your Work
![Page 7: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Features of Settlements Programming
• Multi-sectoral, reflecting multi-faceted character of context (settlements)
• Cognizant of gender, environment, and local organizations and social relations
• Opportunistic with regard to livelihood promotion (“CFE”, “CFT”, and “RR” in Pakistan)
• Transitional, by linking relief and developmental concerns
• Accountable to local governing structures
![Page 8: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Getting Re-Oriented29.5 mill people; 251,772
sq. mi.(nearly 20% larger than
France)
![Page 9: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
• Work with USAID mission, State/BPRM, embassy, and others to assess shelter conditions in Kabul Area
• Design a project to provide safe, adequate, and habitable shelter to at least 3,500 vulnerable households
• Provide a means of interacting and building capacity with government officials and others on critical issues associated with urban shelter delivery, and
• Serve as a model for replication of how to deliver shelter to vulnerable households elsewhere in Kabul, and in cities elsewhere.
![Page 10: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Afghanistan’s Urban Areas: A Primer
• Asia’s fastest growing cities during 90s• Now perhaps world’s fastest growing cities • Urban pop. will grow nearly five-fold in next 23
years; recent events will accelerate rate• Kabul now contains 4.0-4.5 million people, up
from 1.5 million in late ’01, for 167-200% growth, but developed land has only increased by 59%
• Current needs adding to backlog of needs• Regional cities are also growing fast.
![Page 11: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Kabul may be growing by 300,000 people per year, generating a need for 50,000 houses, but actual housing growth is a fraction of this
• 60-70% of population lives in informal areas, with few or no services
• The Kabul Municipality (aka, “City Hall”) has no significant capacity, no project budget, and is viewed as part of the problem
• Findings of the 2004 OFDA-funded Kabul Vulnerability Assessment remain relevant
• UNHCR estimates at least 3.5 MILLION Afghans still remain outside the country.
![Page 12: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Institutional Landscape Has Also Changed Since ‘04
• Not only has growth outstripped services and housing supply, but
• Afghan urban institutions remain weak, and
• International community has retrenched on urban shelter
![Page 13: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
But Afghans still form the largest refugee population in the world,
even though more than four million have returned since 2002, most from neighboring Pakistan and Iran. With housing in scarce supply, families live just about
anywhere.
![Page 14: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Result: Precarious, Unserviced
Shelter
![Page 15: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A Response: “KASSP”
• $4.4 million project featuring shelter assistance, “shelter opportunities survey” (SOS), and seismic preparedness & mitigation
• Based, in part, on OFDA’s 2004 shelter activities in Kabul (18,234 families assisted over 8 months, @ approx. $4.5 million)
• Located in and near existing neighborhoods, at notable scale, preferably in informal areas
• Close collaboration with Kabul Municipality,
• Supported by mission, KM, MUDH, IOs, and NGOs (15 concepts, 4 proposals)
![Page 16: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transitional Shelter
Featuring Livelihood Generation and Hazard Mitigation
![Page 17: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Minor Repair
and Upgrading
![Page 18: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Host & Guest Family
Support
![Page 19: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mitigation by Design
![Page 20: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Shelter-Livelihood Linkage
![Page 21: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Larger Settlements Issues
• Every part of the “civil land system” is in disrepair (e.g., measurement, legal, recordation, management, eminent domain, dispute resolution, taxation), and
• Policy makers know steps “A and Z”, but not steps B, C, and D. Problems are so complex that they tend to get lost in the complexity, with no perceived way to break out.
![Page 22: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Don’t Think We’re Here
Yet,
but…
![Page 23: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conclusions• CARE started work 20 April;
will conclude end of November
• Check ReliefWeb for updates!
![Page 24: The Settlement Side of Shelter: Current USAID/OFDA Project Activity in Afghanistan](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/568149fe550346895db72d24/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Kabul is Part of Larger OFDA Effort
• Reliance on Local Materials & Markets
• Emphasis on SPG, FOG/MTIR, & SC (!!)
• Linking Shelter to Livelihoods
• Incorporating Mitigation
• “R & D”