The Sentence and Its PartsThe Sentence and Its Parts

Complete SubjectComplete Subject

All the words that tell All the words that tell whom or what the whom or what the sentence is about.sentence is about.

The green chalk The green chalk board is terrible to board is terrible to read.read.Complete Sub.= Complete Sub.=

The green chalk The green chalk boardboard

Complete PredicateComplete Predicate

The verb and all the The verb and all the words that tell about the words that tell about the verb.verb.

The green chalk The green chalk board is terrible to board is terrible to read.read. Complete Predicate = Complete Predicate =

is terrible to read.is terrible to read.

Simple SubjectSimple Subject

The main focus of the The main focus of the sentence. Descriptive sentence. Descriptive words are not a part words are not a part of the simple subject.of the simple subject.

The subject must be a The subject must be a noun or pronoun.noun or pronoun.

The green chalk The green chalk board is terrible to board is terrible to read. read. Simple subject = boardSimple subject = board

Simple Predicate = VerbSimple Predicate = Verb

The verb is the one The verb is the one main action of the main action of the sentence.sentence.

If you can do it, it is a If you can do it, it is a verb.verb.

The green chalk The green chalk board is terrible to board is terrible to read.read.

Verb = isVerb = is

Verb PhrasesVerb Phrases

A phrase is a group of A phrase is a group of words that is not a words that is not a complete thought.complete thought.

A verb phrase is the A verb phrase is the main verb plus one or main verb plus one or more helping verbs.more helping verbs.

The green chalk The green chalk board has been board has been erased.erased.

Verb Phrase = has Verb Phrase = has been erased.been erased.

Helping VerbsHelping Verbs BeBe AmAm IsIs AreAre WasWas WereWere HaveHave HasHas HadHad DoDo DoesDoes DidDid

May May MightMight MustMust CanCan CouldCould ShallShall ShouldShould WillWill WouldWould BeingBeing BeenBeen

Compound Sentence PartsCompound Sentence Parts

A sentence can have a compound subject A sentence can have a compound subject or a compound verb.or a compound verb.

An easy way to spot the compound An easy way to spot the compound portion of a sentence is to look for the portion of a sentence is to look for the conjunction.conjunction.

Possible conjunctions are: and, or, but, Possible conjunctions are: and, or, but, yet, so, for, and nor.yet, so, for, and nor.

Compound SubjectCompound Subject

A compound subject is made of two or A compound subject is made of two or more words that share the same verb.more words that share the same verb.

Billy, Bobby, and Betty went fishing.Billy, Bobby, and Betty went fishing.

Compound subject = Billy, Bobby, and BettyCompound subject = Billy, Bobby, and Betty

They all share the verb “went”.They all share the verb “went”.

Compound VerbCompound Verb

A compound verb is A compound verb is made up of two or made up of two or more verbs that share more verbs that share the same subject.the same subject.

Billy bought and ate Billy bought and ate the ice cream.the ice cream.

Compound verb = Compound verb = bought and atebought and ate

Kinds of SentencesKinds of Sentences

DeclarativeDeclarative InterrogativeInterrogative ImperativeImperative ExclamatoryExclamatory

DeclarativeDeclarative

Makes a statementMakes a statement Always ends with a Always ends with a

periodperiod

I go to school to learn I go to school to learn English.English.

InterrogativeInterrogative

Asks a questionAsks a question Always ends with a Always ends with a

question markquestion mark

??

Why do I go to school Why do I go to school to learn English?to learn English?

ImperativeImperative

Gives a commandGives a command Can end with a period Can end with a period

or an exclamation or an exclamation pointpoint

Sit down.Sit down. Go to the office!Go to the office!

ExclamatoryExclamatory

Shows strong feeling Shows strong feeling or emotionor emotion

Always ends with an Always ends with an exclamation pointexclamation point

English is the best English is the best subject ever!subject ever!

Dealing with Subjects in Unusual PlacesDealing with Subjects in Unusual Places

Traditionally, a subject comes before a verb. Traditionally, a subject comes before a verb. However, a subject can be in four unusual However, a subject can be in four unusual places. places.

1. In a question1. In a question 2. In a sentence that begins with “here” or 2. In a sentence that begins with “here” or

“there”“there” 3. In a command3. In a command 4. In a sentence that begins with a phrase4. In a sentence that begins with a phrase Make sure you find the subject and make the Make sure you find the subject and make the

verb agree with it.verb agree with it.

Subject Verb Agreement in QuestionsSubject Verb Agreement in Questions

What on earth is he doing?What on earth is he doing?Sub. = he (singular)Sub. = he (singular)Verb = is (singular)Verb = is (singular)

Are your parents coming to dinner?Are your parents coming to dinner?Sub. = parents (plural)Sub. = parents (plural)Verb = Are (plural)Verb = Are (plural)

Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences BBeginning with Here or Thereeginning with Here or There

Here comes Prince Charming to save the Here comes Prince Charming to save the princess.princess.

Sub. = Prince Charming (singular)Sub. = Prince Charming (singular) Verb = comes (singular)Verb = comes (singular)

There go The Three Musketeers off to save the There go The Three Musketeers off to save the day!day!

Sub. = The Three Musketeers (plural)Sub. = The Three Musketeers (plural) Verb = go (plural)Verb = go (plural)

Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences That Are CommandsThat Are Commands

In a command, the subject is an understood In a command, the subject is an understood “you.” Therefore, it does not appear in the “you.” Therefore, it does not appear in the sentence. In this case, the traditional verb sentence. In this case, the traditional verb choice is plural.choice is plural.

Go to the office!Go to the office! Stay in your seat.Stay in your seat.

In both cases, I am talking to only one person, but In both cases, I am talking to only one person, but I use a plural verb.I use a plural verb.

Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences Subject Verb Agreement in Sentences That Begin with Prepositional PhrasesThat Begin with Prepositional Phrases

Make sure you match the verb to the subject, Make sure you match the verb to the subject, not the object of the preposition.not the object of the preposition.

In the trees flies the bird.In the trees flies the bird. Sub. = birdSub. = bird Verb = fliesVerb = flies Over the river and through the woods go we to Over the river and through the woods go we to

grandmother’s house.grandmother’s house. Sub. = weSub. = we Verb = goVerb = go

Subject ComplementsSubject Complements

Predicate NounPredicate Noun Predicate AdjectivePredicate Adjective

Predicate NounPredicate Noun

Renames or defines the subjectRenames or defines the subjectNoun or pronounNoun or pronounAfter a linking verbAfter a linking verb

Example P.N.Example P.N.

My favorite place to visit is London.My favorite place to visit is London.P.N. = LondonP.N. = London

Predicate AdjectivePredicate Adjective

AdjectiveAdjectiveFollows a linking verbFollows a linking verbDescribes the subject Describes the subject

Example PAExample PA

She is beautiful.She is beautiful.Subject = sheSubject = sheLinking verb = isLinking verb = isPA = beautifulPA = beautiful

Objects of VerbsObjects of Verbs

Direct ObjectDirect Object Indirect ObjectIndirect Object

Direct ObjectDirect Object

Noun or pronounNoun or pronounFollows an action verbFollows an action verbAnswers the questions What? or Whom?Answers the questions What? or Whom?YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

Example D.O.Example D.O.

He played the piano nicely.He played the piano nicely.D.O. = pianoD.O. = piano

Indirect ObjectIndirect Object

Noun or pronounNoun or pronounFollows an action verbFollows an action verbComes before a direct objectComes before a direct objectAnswers the questions To Whom?, To Answers the questions To Whom?, To

What?, For Whom?, or For What?What?, For Whom?, or For What?YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

Example I.O.Example I.O.

He gave her an ice cream cone.He gave her an ice cream cone.D.O. = coneD.O. = cone I.O. = herI.O. = her

Fragments and Run-OnsFragments and Run-Ons

A fragment is a A fragment is a sentence that is sentence that is missing the subject, missing the subject, the verb, or both.the verb, or both.

Ex. In the middle of Ex. In the middle of the nightthe night

A run-on sentence A run-on sentence has two or more has two or more complete ideas and is complete ideas and is not punctuated not punctuated properly.properly.

Ex. We went to the Ex. We went to the park and we had a park and we had a marvelous time.marvelous time.