the senses ch 36.2
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The Senses Ch 36.2. The 5 Major Senses. Smell Taste Sight Touch Hearing How our brain/body takes in stimulus from the environment How we learn about the world. Smell. Breathing air through your nose pulls in particulate matter (chemicals floating in the air) Olfactory : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The SensesCh 36.2
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The 5 Major Senses• Smell• Taste• Sight• Touch• Hearing
• How our brain/body takes in stimulus from the environment
• How we learn about the world
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Smell• Breathing air through your
nose pulls in particulate matter (chemicals floating in the air)
• Olfactory:– collection of receptors in top
of the nose– Chemicals bind to receptors,
and signals are sent to the brain along a cranial nerve
– Brain interprets good and bad smells based on what chemicals are detected
• Why have a sense of smell?
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Good Smells vs. Bad Smells• Things smell good because
they are good for the body or the mind:Meat- smell of fats and proteinsFlowers- smell triggers release of hormones that relax usFruits- smell of sugars and vitamins
• Things smell bad because they might kill us:Waste material- contain bacteria; no usefulmaterialRotten Food- contain bacteria; bad for digestion
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Taste• Smell and taste are strongly
linked• Taste buds:
- receptors for each of the 5 tastes:
salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami- Chemical reacts with receptor and signals are sent to the brain
Why do things taste good? Why do they taste bad?
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Sight• Sight is detecting the photons
of light bouncing of objects• Pupil: opening into the eye• Lens: focuses the light to
clear the image; made of clear cells
• Retina: special part of the eye that reacts to photons
Images passing through the lens are flipped and our brain learns to flip them back
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Rods and Cones• Rod cells:
detect low levels of light (black and white)• Cone cells:
detect high levels of light (color)
S- detect blue lightM- detect green lightL- detect red light
Overlapping signals from cones create the other colors
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Hearing• Sound travels as waves
through media (air, water, etc…)
• Eardrum:– Vibrates to changing pressure
from sound waves– Vibrations travel through the
body’s smallest bones(Malleus, Incus, and Stapes)
• Cochlea:– Vibrations from travel into fluid– Fluid activates hire-like receptors
which send impulses to the brain– Ear as a hair for different
frequencies
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Hearing (Balance)• Cochlea as 3 semicircular
canals filled with fluid and motion receptors (hair-like)
• Movement in the fluid triggers impulses that tell the brain direction and orientation
• Small Ca+ stones inside also push down on the hairs
Why?-Feel which way is up/down
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Touch• A collection of different
receptors:– Temperature– Pressure– Pain
• Different parts of the body have higher concentration of touch sensors– Eyelids, fingers, feet, tongue,
etc…• Some receptors fire faster
than others:– You can feel the texture of an
object before its temperature
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Extra Senses• Echolocation: use
sound waves to find objects
• Infrared vision: can see heat of an object
• UV vision: see UV signals
• Electroreception: can sense electric fields
• Magnetoreception: can sense magnetic fields