the self-organisation of the information society 1: self ... · the self-organisation of the...
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The Self-Organisation of the Information Society 1:Self-Organisation in Real-World Systems
IN3 Research Seminar April 27, 2010
Wolfgang HofkirchnerProfessor, Internet and Society, University of Salzburg, 2004-2010Associate Professor, Technology Assessment, Vienna University of Technology, 2001-
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Contents
•TransdisciplinarityMulti-, inter-, mono-, and transdisciplinarity
•Self-Organisation. Evolutionary Systems Theory (EST)DefinitionIrreproducibility, irreversibility and irreducibility, and unexplainability/unpredictability
•Information. Unified Theory of Information (UTI)DefinitionTriple-C (Cognition – Communication – Cooperation)Stages (pattern formation, code-making, constitution of sense)The universe of information
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Transdisciplinarity
• Multi-, inter-, mono-, and transdisciplinarity (disjunctivism, disjunctivism with interaction, reductionism or projectivism, and integrativism)
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Multidisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Disjunctivism:Internet researchas additivefunction
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Interdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Disjunctivism with interaction:Internet researchas ephemeral relationship
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Monodisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Reductionism,Projectivism:Internet researchas subsumptionunder one orthe otherdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
engineering sciences(e.g. Computer Science)
social and human sciences(e.g. Communication Studies)
meta-level
general
specific
Integrativism:Internet researchas transdiscipline
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Transdisciplinarity
what is this third something?science of complexity
– because complex problems of the information age need complex thinking!
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Self-organisation. Evolutionary Systems Theory (EST)
•Definition: basic dynamics, example, determinism, evolution, systemic hierarchy, stage model
•Irreproducibility, irreversibility and irreducibility, and unexplainability/unpredictability
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Definition
Self-organisation =def. spontaneous build-up/maintenance of order in matter (nature, real-world systems)
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low-entropic energy
high-entropic energy
self-organisation
Definition: basic dynamics
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Definition: example
Bénard convection cells:
in viscous liquids, beyond a critical temperature gradient microscopic conduction turns into macroscopic convection rolls (Ilya Prigogine)
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Definition: example
Bénard convection cells:
in viscous liquids, beyond a critical temperature gradient microscopic conduction turns into macroscopic convection rolls (Ilya Prigogine)
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space of possibilities
space of impossibilities
Definition: determinism
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space of possibilities
narrowed downto one trajectory
only
space of impossibilities
Definition: determinism
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self-organisation
higher complexity
lower complexity
Definition: evolution
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Definition: evolution
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organisation
self-organisation
components
Definition: systemic hierarchy
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system (macro-level)
elements (micro-level)
downwardcausation
upward causation
Definition: systemic hierarchy
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Definition: stage model
process
discontinuation
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Definition: stage model
metasystem/suprasystem
process (phases)
structure (levels)
discontinuation/continuation
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Definition: stage model
physico-chemical phase
biotic phase social phase
social level
biotic level
physico-chemicallevel
material systems
living systems
human systems
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Irreproducibility
• There is no simple, "brute-force" operation that leads human interveners from a given initial state of the system to a well-defined, desired final state of the system.
New way of dealing with complexity:
• Governance: make use of the system's dynamic: choose inputs so as to activate or inhibit self-organisation (but don't damage it)!
• Decentralised context-steering: make use of the system's architecture: grant relative autonomy and shape the general set-up only (don't instruct down to every detail)!
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Irreversibility, Irreducibility
• There is no simple, causal transformation that leads the system with necessity from one state to another.
New way of conceiving complexity:
• Historicity: model the path-dependency such that each phase depends on the prior phase but cannot be reversed!
• Holarchy: model the hierarchy such that each level depends on the lower one but cannot be reduced to it!
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Unexplainability/unpredictability
• There is no simple, deductive inference that leads compellingly from premises about the system in one state (or systems) – or about one system layer – to a conclusion about the system in another state (or a metasystem) – or about another system layer.
New way of constructing knowledge of complexity:
• Leaps in quality in time: it needs saltations when going from one state of a system to the next state (or from systems to the metasystem)!
• Leaps in quality in space: it needs saltations when going from one system layer to the next layer!
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Information. Unified Theory of Information (UTI)
•Definition
•Triple-c: cognition, communication, cooperation
•Stages: pattern formation, code-making, the constitution of sense
•The universe of information
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Definition
Information =def. relation that is constituted (1) by a self-organising system (which is the signmaker: signator) between (2) the order it builds up spontaneously (which is the sign: signans) and (3) some perturbation (which is the (to-be-) signified: signandum/signatum) originating in
• the umwelt: cognition;
• co-systems: communication;
• the system all the co-systems give rise to: cooperation.
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Triple-c
According to the systems dimensions we find different fields in which information generation occurs: system dimension
information generation fields
one element for itself cognition
the interaction of elements communication
the integration of elements with the system cooperation
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signatum
signans
signator
assimilation(subjection)
non-affordance(objection)
accommodation
Cognition
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Communication
„message“ A(inter-subjectification A)
„message“ B(inter-subjectification B)
signator B = signatum A
signator A = signatum B
signans
signans
„information“ A
„information“ B
understanding B
understanding A
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signator
signans
signata
stabilisation(subjectification)
selection(objectification)
variation
Cooperation
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Stages
According to stages of evolution we find different types of generating information:
evolutionary system stages
information generation types
material systems pattern formation
living systems code-making
human systemsconstitution of sense
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pattern formation
low-entropic energy
high-entropic energy
self-organisation
prot
o-se
mio
sic
sign
Pattern formation
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low-entropic energy
high-entropic energy
struc-ture function
para
-syn
tact
ical
sig
n
sem
antic
o-pr
agm
atic
sig
n
code-making
Code-making
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low-entropic energy
high-entropic energy
means ways ends
synt
actic
al s
ign
sem
antic
sig
n
prag
mat
ic s
ign
constitution of sense
The constitution of sense
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ability to form patterns
code-making ability
sense-con-stituting ability
cooperativity cohesiveness organicity sociability
communicability coherency signalability languageability
cognisability reflectivity psyche consciousness
The universe of information
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¡Muchas gracias por vuestra atención!