THE SELEUCID EMPIRE TAKES OVER JUDEA

201 bce

201 BCE

Correct! Move forward

Antiochus The Third (great)

Ruled from 201 BCE – 187 BCE

What are his policies toward the Jews?

Treats them well Allows them to live according to their

ancestral laws 3 year exemption from taxes so they can

rebuild land Gives power back to the high priest as tax

collector Provides Jews supplies for the Bet

Hamikdash, oil, whine, wheat, spices No not kosher animals permitted in Jerusalem

The Jews Support Antiochus and welcome his

leadership Gerousia came out to meet him Jews helped with provisions for the

soilders Helped get rid of Egyptian garrison

Seleucus IV 187 BCE - 175 Antiochus III son Continues to allow the Jews to live according to their ancestral

laws Begins to put a heavy tax on the Jews (has to pay off Rome) Sends his official Heliodorus to confiscate money from the Bet

Hamikdash and Onias the High Priest tries to stop him Heliodorus forces his way into the temple but at the entrance

has a vision of a horse with an armed rider and two youths beat him unconcious

Helenized Jews blame Onias In the mean time Seleucus gets murdered Antiochus IV Epiphanes takes over and replaces Onias III with

his brother Jason

High Priest Shimon Hatzadik (met Alex the

Great)

Eleazar (Ptolemy II – Septuagint)

Onias II (Joseph Ben Tobiad)

Onias III (Seleucus IV)

Jason (Antiochus IV- bribes him to become high priest)

JEWISH HELLENISTS( BEGINNING IN PTOLEMY ERA)

The Tobiad Family First Jews to maintain contact with Greeks Head of Hellenizing party Main instigtors of Hellenistic reform in

Jerusalem Very wealthy and thus influential Greek habits Greek names Took part in drinking parties

ANTIOCHUS IV EPIPHANES175 B.C.E

Source Book 24Source Book 34Source Book 37

,

JASON(beginning of antiochus IV)

Brother of Onias III Changed name from joshua to jason Bribes king Antiochus IV to make him high pries builds a gymnasium and ephebian in Jerusalem registers the citizens of Jerusalem as

“Antiochenes” Transforms Jerusalem into a Greek polis and

names it Antioch Introduces gentile customs Lays the foundation of Hellenistic reform

Menelaus Brother of simeon Supported by Tobiad family bc they thought he would have

better relationship to king Bribes King Antiochus with more money than Jason to make

him high priest Menelaus was victorious(has Tobiad support but not peoples) Steals gold vessels from temple for king and has Onias

arrested when he protests this His brother Lysimachus gathers 3000 soldiers and attacks

Jews who are dissatisfied with Menelaus.Lysimachus ends up dieing.

When Gerousia accuse M. as the cause for outbreak he bribes an official to acquit him and Gerousia members get killed.

ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES OR EPIMANES?

Brother of Seleucus IV Installs Jason as high priest(instead of Onias) Now two political parties emerge Tobiads vs Onias Hellenists vs Traditionalists accepts large bribe from Menelaus-a hellenized messenger of

Jason)to become high priest Hears about a civil war btw Jason and Menelaus or btw Jason and

Hasidim and storms into Jerusalem to supress the rebellion He now regards Jerusalem as a hostile city and a threat to his

kingdom Sends military intervention in Judea-kills 40,000 167 bce he declares the gezerot –decrees against jews

The groundwork for civil war

Maccabees II -Source book page 38-

169 bce-BEGINNING OF REVOLT Maccabees I-SOURCE BOOK PAGE 25 Maccabees II- SOURCE BOOK PAGE 39 Reasons for revolt:1-”unification”-unite his diverse empire into one

nation by forcing all members to adopt Greek culture

2-he heard of the jewish rebellion and civil war btw Jason and Menelaus,or Jason and Hasidim and takes away Torah bc that’s the cause of rebellion

Antiochus IV… Storms into jerusalem Kills 40,000 and sells 40,000 as slaves Enters mikdash and loots it-

No shabbat No haggim No kosher Burned torah scrolls No circumcision Forced to sacrifice to pagan gods Forced to eat forbidden foods Desecrated the temple-rededicated it to

Zeus Takes away Rosh Hodesh

167 BCE-Gezerot Hashmadevil decrees

15 kislev-idol erected on mizbeach 25 kislev-began sacrificing hogs on it

***THE DECREES WERE NOT JUST A RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION BUT A GREAT PERIL TO THE EXISTENCE OF THE ENTIRE JEWISH NATION

Religious Martyrdom Maccabees II- Chapter 6-Eleazar Maccabees II- Chapter 7 –mother and

seven sons SOURCEBOOK PG 41 Maccabees II-Why this persecution? SOURCEBOOK PG 33RAMBAM-to die or not to die???

The Hashmonean family MATITYAHU- He is from family of Kohen- He isA leader- He moves from jerusalem to Modiin -Has 5 sons:John(Yohanan),Simon,Judah,Eleazar,Jonathan-Slaughters a Jew who was going to offer sacrifice to pagan god

and kills kings officer-He is the initiator of the revolutionary movement-He and his sons abolish the prohibition of self defense on

shabbat-Organizes war against the Greeks but dies during the war- Before he dies he appoints Judah to be the military leader

Maccabees I -SOURCEBOOK PG 27 -SOURCEBOOK PG 28

RECONQUERING THE TEMPLE

Maccabees I-SOURCEBOOK PAGE 29 SOURCEBOOK PAGE 30 SOURCEBOOK PAGE 40 SOURCEBOOK PAGE 32

JUDAH THE MACCABEE -MILITARY LEADER HE DEFEATS APOLLONIUS AND SERON(2 GREEK

GENERALS WHO TRIED TO SUPPRESS REBELLION)

LYSIAS WHO WAS KING ANTIOCHUS VICEROY SENDS NICANOR,PTOLEMY,AND GORGIAS BUT HE DEFEATS THEM TWICE.

IN 164 LYSIAS HIMSELF INVADES BUT GIVES UP 3 YRS AFTER THE DECREES, JUDAH CAPTURES

JERUSALEM,PURIFIES THE TEMPLE,AND RESTORES JEWISH RELIGION

Nes hanukah Mikdash is desolate-in ruins Judah finds loyal kohanim Builds new mizbeach Made iron menorah(golden one had been

stolen) 25 kislev-165 bce-3 yrs to the day that

the pig was sacrificed judah redadicates the mikdash

Nes with oil-took 8 days to go up north and get olives to make new oil

Partial victory only….

Parts of yerushalayim and most countryside are still controlled by hellenists

Kohen gadol is renegade No real independence Most hellenists fled to acra where they stay as

traitors for another 23 years Jews rested for about a year but in north galil

and in south jews are being persecuted and murdered

Judah shimon and yonatan fight and defeat but have to transfer jews near yerushalayim

Hasmonaem dynasty:from rebels to kings

Judah (died in battle)

Yonatan

Shimon-first to cal himself nasi-hes high priest and king.Beginning of Hshmonaem dynasty which lasted for 80 yrs.

John hyrcanus…….

Hasmonean DynastyMattathias

Yohanan](d.159)

Simon(142-134)

Judah(d.168)

Eleazar(d.163)

Jonathan(152-142)

John Hyrcanus I(134-104)

Alexander JannaeusJudah Aristobulus

Aristobulus

Antigonus MattathiasAlexanderAlexandra

Hyracannus II

Salome Alexandra

Aristobulus III MariameHEROD

37-5 B.C.E.

John Hyrcanus134-104 B.C.E.

Pharisees

Sadduces

Judah aristobolus 104-103 bce

KILLED HIS MOM-IMPRISONED HIS BROTHERS

FIRST TO BE TITLEDKING!

Alexander Jannaeus 103-76DISRESPECTED THE LAW ON SUCCOT IN BHAFTER BEING PELTED WITH ETROGIM HE KILLED 6000 JEWS CRUCIFIED 800 PHARISEES AFTER THEIR REVOLT WITH SYRIAS HELPEXPANDED JUDEAN BORDERS

SALOME ALEXANDRA 76-67bce- SHLOM TZION HAMALCA-THE QUEEN WHO

BROUGHT PEACE AND JUSTICE-REINSTATED SHIMON BEN SHETAH AS AB BEIT DIN

OF SANHEDRIN-SHARED HER REIGN WITH THE SANHEDRIN

THE SANHEDRIN

HYRCANUS II & ARISTOBULUS IITHE END OF JEWISH INDEPENDENCE

HYRCANUS-THE ELDER SON,EASYGOING,KOHEN GADOL,CLOSE TO THE PHARISEES

ARISTOBULUS-AMBITIOUS,JEALOUS,HOT TEMPERED ,SUPPORTED THE SADUCCEES,

THEY DISTRUST EACH OTHER AS LEADERS 63 BCE BOTH ASKED POMPEY [ROME]TO INTERVENE-UH

OH!! ARISTOBULUD BITES OFF HIS BROTHERS EAR SO HE CAN NO LONGER BE KOHEN GADOL CIVIL WAR BETWEEN BROTHERS AND RIVAL POWERS-ROME AND PARTHIA HYRCANUS HAS ROMAN SUPPORT ARISTOBULUS HAS PARTHIAN SUPPORT

Blemish

POMPEY ENTERS JERUSALEM63 BCE

47 BCEJULIUS CEASAR IN JUDEA

HEROD