The Seed Drill

Jethro Tull: c. 1701

The Coming of the Railroads:The Steam Engine

• Thomas Newcomen • The steam engine• Water Pump

(1709)

Flying Shuttle

John Kay: 1733

The Spinning Jenny

Hargreaves’s machine

James Hargreaves: 1764

The Water Frame

Powering the spinning jenny:• Horses• The water wheel

(1769)

Richard Arkwright

Selective Breeding

• Select animals with the best characteristics

• Produce bigger breeds

Robert Bakewell and others: The Longhorn in 1769

James Watt’s Steam Engine

• Condenser• Increased

efficiency(1775)

Innovations:The Threshing Machine

Andrew Meikle: c. 1796

Trevithick’s Engine

In 1801, Richard Trevithick first attached a steam engine to a wagon. Trevithick’s engine was not successful for moving

people, but he had planted the idea of human train transport.

Steam-Powered Water Transport

In 1807, Robert Fulton attached a steam engine to a ship called the “Clermont.” The steam engine propelled the ship by

making its paddle wheel turn.

Stephenson’s Rocket

George

Stephenson:

c. 1829

The Telegraph

Samuel F.B. Morse1844

Steel

Henry Bessemer

The Bessemer converter 1858

The Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace

The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London was mounted to symbolize Great Britain’s economic,

industrial, and military superiority.

Growth of Railroads