The Second The Second PresidentPresidentChapter 9, Section 4Chapter 9, Section 4

Conflict With FranceConflict With France

• Describe John Adams.Describe John Adams.• As soon as Adams becomes As soon as Adams becomes

President he is faced with France President he is faced with France rejecting Jay’s Treaty arguing that it rejecting Jay’s Treaty arguing that it favored the British.favored the British.

• What happened in 1797?What happened in 1797?• Once again Americans called for war.Once again Americans called for war.• Adams sent diplomats to Paris to Adams sent diplomats to Paris to

discuss the rights of neutral nations.discuss the rights of neutral nations.

Conflict With FranceConflict With France

• French minister, Charles Maurice de French minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand did not want to meet Talleyrand did not want to meet with the Americans instead he sent with the Americans instead he sent three agents to offer Americans a three agents to offer Americans a deal.deal.

• Talleyrand stated that before he Talleyrand stated that before he would even meet with the would even meet with the Americans they would have to pay Americans they would have to pay $250,000 for himself and $10 $250,000 for himself and $10 million loan to France.million loan to France.

Conflict With FranceConflict With France

• When Adams heard of the offer he When Adams heard of the offer he told Congress but did not release told Congress but did not release the names of the French agents the names of the French agents instead he referred to them as X, instead he referred to them as X, Y, and Z. Later, called the XYZ Y, and Z. Later, called the XYZ Affair.Affair.

• Needless to say Americans called Needless to say Americans called for war but Adams refused.for war but Adams refused.

• What could Adams not ignore?What could Adams not ignore?• What did he create in response.What did he create in response.• Define frigates.Define frigates.

The Federalist Party SplitsThe Federalist Party Splits

• Why did Hamilton criticize Adams?Why did Hamilton criticize Adams?• What was the goal of his opponents?What was the goal of his opponents?• Why did the Federalist party split?Why did the Federalist party split?• Adams sent diplomats to France over the Adams sent diplomats to France over the

opposition of Hamilton. Upon their arrival in opposition of Hamilton. Upon their arrival in France they found a young military officer in France they found a young military officer in charge, Napoleon Bonaparte. What was he charge, Napoleon Bonaparte. What was he planning? Did he sign the agreement?planning? Did he sign the agreement?

• Like Washington, Adams avoided was with Like Washington, Adams avoided was with but it cost him support of many Federalists but it cost him support of many Federalists and weakened the party in the election of and weakened the party in the election of 1800.1800.

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

• In 1798, during the crisis with In 1798, during the crisis with France, Federalists pushed several France, Federalists pushed several laws through Congress. One of laws through Congress. One of these laws was the Alien and these laws was the Alien and Sedition Acts.Sedition Acts.

• Alien Act- the President could expel Alien Act- the President could expel any alien thought to be dangerous any alien thought to be dangerous to the country.to the country.

• Another law made it harder for Another law made it harder for immigrants to become citizens.immigrants to become citizens.

• During that era after how long could During that era after how long could an immigrant become a citizen?an immigrant become a citizen?

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

• The new law made immigrants wait The new law made immigrants wait 14 years before becoming a citizen.14 years before becoming a citizen.

• Why did the Federalists pass this Why did the Federalists pass this act?act?

• Define sedition.Define sedition.• Sedition Act- Citizens could be Sedition Act- Citizens could be

fined or jailed if they criticized the fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials.government or its officials.

• Was anyone fined? Who?Was anyone fined? Who?• Do you think the Sedition Act Do you think the Sedition Act

violated any Constitutional rights?violated any Constitutional rights?

The Rights of StatesThe Rights of States

• Who was a strong opponent of the Who was a strong opponent of the Alien and Sedition Acts?Alien and Sedition Acts?

• Why could he not do anything?Why could he not do anything?• What did Jefferson urge?What did Jefferson urge?• Define nullify.Define nullify.• In 1798 and 1799 Kentucky and In 1798 and 1799 Kentucky and

Virginia passed resolutions backed Virginia passed resolutions backed by Jefferson and Madison that by Jefferson and Madison that claimed that each state had “an claimed that each state had “an equal right to judge for itself” equal right to judge for itself” whether a law is constitutional.whether a law is constitutional.

The Rights of StatesThe Rights of States

• If a state decides a law is If a state decides a law is unconstitutional it had the unconstitutional it had the power to nullify the laws within power to nullify the laws within its borders.its borders.

• What issue did the Alien and What issue did the Alien and Sedition Acts raise?Sedition Acts raise?

Election of 1800Election of 1800

• As the elections neared the As the elections neared the Republicans focused on two issues:Republicans focused on two issues:• 11stst they attacked the Federalists for they attacked the Federalists for

raising taxes to prepare for war.raising taxes to prepare for war.• 22ndnd they opposed the unpopular Alien they opposed the unpopular Alien

and Sedition Acts.and Sedition Acts.

• Republicans backed Thomas Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for Vice President.Burr for Vice President.

• Federalists backed John Adams.Federalists backed John Adams.

ADAMS BURR

JEFFERSON

ADAMS & JEFFERSON ATTACK EACH OTHER DURING THE CAMPAIN

PINKNEY

FEDERALIST

REPUBLICAN

REPUBLICAN

FEDERALIST

JAY

FED

Election of 1800Election of 1800

DeadlockDeadlock•The Republicans won the popular, BUT The Republicans won the popular, BUT when the electoral votes were counted when the electoral votes were counted Jefferson and Burr each had 73 votes. Jefferson and Burr each had 73 votes. •Problem was that the electoral college Problem was that the electoral college voted separately for President and Vice voted separately for President and Vice President. President. •Under the Constitution, if no candidate Under the Constitution, if no candidate wins the electoral college the House of wins the electoral college the House of Representatives decides the election.Representatives decides the election.•The House voted 36 votes for Jefferson as The House voted 36 votes for Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.President and Burr as Vice President.

ELECTIONENDS IN A

TIE!

Election of 1800Election of 1800

DeadlockDeadlock•Soon after this fiasco the 12Soon after this fiasco the 12thth amendment was passed.amendment was passed.•See page 239.See page 239.The Federalist Era EndsThe Federalist Era Ends•After the election the Federalist After the election the Federalist party slowly lost power and seats in party slowly lost power and seats in Congress.Congress.•Then in 1804 the Federalist leader Then in 1804 the Federalist leader Alexander Hamilton was killed in a Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr.duel by Aaron Burr.