The Second ArticleThe Executive Branch

THE PRESIDENT and the Vice President

President• To be A pres: -

35 yrs old

• Live in US 14 yrs

• Native Born

• citizen

Benefits pay 2001 move to $400,000

• Travel and housing at the White house

Election and Term of Office

• Every 4 years elected– Allowed two terms in office

max 8 yrs– 22 amendments made two-

term limit legal 1951– 10 yrs possible if VP takes

over and then runs 2 more times

• Our Pres-– Franklin D Roosevelt first

President 4 terms

Vice President

• -35 yrs old, live US 14 yrs, US Born

• Take office if President dies

• President over Senate

• Benefits Pay-today $198,600– Travel, housing

• OUR VP-

Presidential Succession • -1947-order in case of death-Vice President

-Speaker of the House

-President Pro Tempore the Senate

-Secretary of State

-see pg 359

• 1967 26th amendment-If President can’t do the job then VP takes power

• -New President chooses VP (both houses of Congress must approve)

• -If President can’t do job for short time give power to VP

                    

Election into office • In the past the person finish second in election chosen

VP• 1804 12th amendment- vote for Pres and VP together • Voted in by Electoral College

PAST-Electoral college-group of officials chosen by each state to choose a President

• People did not vote for president

Electoral College Today

• Today 538 electors broken

• Number based on the number of senators and representatives per State– Large populated states get more electors– The Electors vote based on how the state population voted– If candidate win state get all electors (CA 55)– Candidate must get 270 electoral votes to become president

3 problems with Electoral College1.Popular vote winner not guaranteed to win elections

– Popular vote – number of actual votes– Electoral -vote electoral votes based on states won

• 2000 Al gore won popular vote but lost electoral vote • 2.Electors do not have to vote with popular vote(they

nearly always do)• 3.House of representative will choose winner of

neither gets 270 electoral votes

2004 Election

2008

II President’s Major roles

Chief Executive

-Carry out Nations Laws

Passing Executive order

• Executive order- rules or commands of President taken like a law

• -Orders made during crisis when things need to be done quickly

Appoint Officials- • -Chooses who will be Supreme Court

judges

• -Ambassadors to other countries

• -Cabinet- those help him make decisions

• -Head of government agencies-CIA, FBI…

Chief Diplomat

• President responsibility deal with other countries 2 powers

• Appoint ambassador• -Send American representative to other

countries• -Do not send ambassador to countries gain

power illegally• -Ambassador check in with President issues

of country

Make Treaty • -Treaty is an agreement between

countries• -Senate must approve treaty• -Or executive agreement with leader of

other country with out Senate

Commander in Chief • -Leader of Armed forces Navy, Army,

Coast Guard, Marines, Air force

• -Has power over all Generals- makes decision to attack or not

• War Powers Act 1973• -         President needs to tell Congress when troops

are sent in • -         Troops must be returned home after 60 days

unless congress allows or declares war

• Peace Time Role• -         President can send troops to keep peace in

other Countries• Use troops to keep order in the U.S.

The Cabinet

• Executive Office

-President on top below official help

-Cabinet- group of officials help President make decisions

Cabinet-Group of advisers for President-

• advise president on issues related to their department

- not mentioned in the constitution

• 15 leaders different departments (Areas)-called Secretaries Secretary of State-plans foreign policy

• -Treasury- money country has 1789

• -Defense- military 1789 • -Depatment of Justice-

law enforcement 1870• -Interior- problems inside

country 1849• -Agriculture- farming

1889• -Commerce- trade of

goods 1903• -Labor- work force 1913• Health and Human

Services 1953

• -Housing and Urban Development- problems in cities 1965

• -Transportation- highways, Railroad, airlines 1966

• -Energy-oil, coal, electricity 1977

• -Education- schools advise and $$ 1979

• -Veterans Affairs- rights for military vets 1989

• -Homeland Security-protecting country from outsiders 2002

III Foreign Policy and the Executive Office(President)-Foreign Policy- National plan for

dealing with other countries.

 

4 Goals of Foreign Policy 1.National Security- Keep country

safe from attack2.International Trade- keeps trade

with other countries-Keep economy (money) moving for Americans

-Find places to sell American products and keep American Jobs

3.World peace- wars around world can hurt trade-Problems in Middle East affect oil prices

4. Promote democracy and Human rights around World-Set up Democratic gov in Iraq

American International trade

.National Security Council-Safety of the country

• Make decisions on threats to country by groups or other countries

• Oversee the CIA- gather information about other governments

• Other Offices– Council of Economic Advisers-problems of

employment, tax, inflation, & trade– Council on Environmental Quality - advise

environment

Parts of Foreign policy Under President Executive Branch

• -State Department, Defense Dept, CIA, National Security Council

-President and congress share power

• -Pres communicate other countries- only congress can declare war & control money for war

Treaties- agreement between Nations- President start, congress approve

Executive agreement- agreement between 2 World Leaders– Between Pres Mex & US

Ambassador official Representative to other country– Pres choose- Senate approve

US gives money to help other countries– money to Colombia stop drug trade– Money to Iraq rebuild country

Trade agreements • Trade sanctions- punish other countries control trade with them– example- S Africa- slow trade

with south Africa for racist laws 1980’s

• Embargo- Not allow a group countries to trade with another– example- Cuba we do

not buy or sell to Cuba

At any time IF military is needed present can send army for short Term problems

• Sent army to Somalia (Africa) control a Revolution