the seasonal dependency of the urban heat island of cities in belgium with cclm/tu

16/07/2014

The seasonal dependency of the

urban heat island of cities in Belgium with CCLM/TUHendrik Wouters, Matthias Demuzere, Koen De Ridder, Nicole van Lipzig Meteoclim 2014

16/07/2014 3© 2014, VITO NV

Urban expansion!

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=I8Fje9DO5Fx1KM&tbnid=VJeXY2NgNQCUlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.outsideonline.com/news-from-the-field/Cities-with-Trees-Have-Happier-Residents.html&ei=YBZzU7n6OaOu0QX4lIG4DQ&bvm=bv.66699033,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFaSf4aHIDSUMauhgEnDndAKgGsrQ&ust=1400137674661040

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=I8Fje9DO5Fx1KM&tbnid=VJeXY2NgNQCUlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.outsideonline.com/news-from-the-field/Cities-with-Trees-Have-Happier-Residents.html&ei=YBZzU7n6OaOu0QX4lIG4DQ&bvm=bv.66699033,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFaSf4aHIDSUMauhgEnDndAKgGsrQ&ust=1400137674661040

16/07/2014 4© 2014, VITO NV

Urban expansion!

figure from Poelmans and Van Rompaey., 2009

16/07/2014 5© 2014, VITO NV

Urban expansion!

figure from Poelmans and Van Rompaey., 2009

16/07/2014 6© 2014, VITO NV

Large modifications in the Earth’s landscape

» Drastic local climate changes…. Higher local temperatures!

-> Urban heat island

» Two processes:

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=jC5mQNhwFU4mUM&tbnid=nTzlfABvEFtpdM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eyeopening.info/2014/03/02/unrecognizable-views-cities-around-world/&ei=yjpzU67oCIr8ywPQ74KQAg&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNE42GYtGO4Z9bhuTtKJHg0diVnBVw&ust=1400146885727057


16/07/2014 7© 2014, VITO NV

Large modifications in the Earth’s landscape

» Drastic local climate changes…. Higher local temperatures!

-> Urban heat island

» Two processes:

1 2



16/07/2014 8© 2014, VITO NV

²

Trapped infrared radiation

sensible heat

stored

efficiently

by building

materials

atmosphere

sensible heat

atmosphere

Stored in ground

Very hot surface!!

Trapped solar radiation

Dry surface: no evaporation

Efficiënt conversion

http://eofdreams.com/photo/sun/05/


16/07/2014 9© 2014, VITO NV

Excess

release

during the

night

Large heat

Storage

In buildings

atmosphere

Stored in ground

Hot Surface is cooling

sensible heat

atmosphere 1



16/07/2014 10© 2014, VITO NV

2. Human activity

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=E13_2_7L5Xf2OM&tbnid=tKBUMNVg8vrGCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.gina.gov.gy/archive/daily/b090808.html&ei=J0lzU8O2EMayyAP1hoGgAw&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNH9b48uUKlPj8khdLYd4FbMGv55Zg&ust=1400148396375883


http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=8CIMM_Nk4MnuvM&tbnid=2dCb2XsUKOoQ9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://eflatiesaltafulla.wikispaces.com/ESO%2B3%2B2011-12&ei=arl0U8zoJoSvOcL0gdgG&bvm=bv.66699033,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNE4n8JE_HWISWbL282zvWOL2IMNJQ&ust=1400244964037717


http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=dOQBPEfx9hPFOM&tbnid=I-HVK7Xdv8H91M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.aqua-solutions-online.co.uk/&ei=rrp0U46PBIbYPLergaAH&bvm=bv.66699033,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNGNZtg6cGegItts-p0KC-td_HYRKQ&ust=1400245171267458


16/07/2014 11© 2014, VITO NV

2. Human activity -> heat emission

Energy converted to heat -> emitted to the atmosphere! 2







16/07/2014 12© 2014, VITO NV

Urban heat island… Big deal?

» Prolongued growing season

» More agreable temperaturetemperaturen

» Infrastructure

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=4036i0ZZlwfJmM&tbnid=_1iS5J2EKRrYIM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://nieuwsblad.typepad.com/aalst/2008/07/&ei=5nxzU6-XBMv2yAP4-4DADA&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNH7pvjHJjqUVBNbgZQxZAnykh6qvw&ust=1400163915400887

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=4036i0ZZlwfJmM&tbnid=_1iS5J2EKRrYIM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://nieuwsblad.typepad.com/aalst/2008/07/&ei=5nxzU6-XBMv2yAP4-4DADA&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNH7pvjHJjqUVBNbgZQxZAnykh6qvw&ust=1400163915400887

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=DrpC2Sis3v-7MM&tbnid=tq4nynwc338zBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://michaelczinkota.com/2012/02/the-fate-of-the-department-of-commerce-good-or-bad/&ei=m4BzU7OXK4KnyAOIjIHQBA&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNGsWS_gyOe-NSmm6K1oFehbJKB7Cw&ust=1400164855306360


16/07/2014 13© 2014, VITO NV

» energieconsumption (air-co)

» infrastructure

» (Sports) Events

» Air quality

» More casualties in citiesversus natural surroundingsduring heat waves

Urban heat island… Big deal?



16/07/2014 14© 2014, VITO NV

+ Global climate change!

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=pEPSRvAyyspN_M&tbnid=PyQ1deIo17s-wM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://smallbiztrends.com/2012/03/is-business-sustainability-moving-fast-enough.html&ei=LXtzU92JA-LBywPYdQ&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNG6i6xKOWxpnQwcwNHq6eFegREVGg&ust=1400163405983300

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=pEPSRvAyyspN_M&tbnid=PyQ1deIo17s-wM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://smallbiztrends.com/2012/03/is-business-sustainability-moving-fast-enough.html&ei=LXtzU92JA-LBywPYdQ&bvm=bv.66699033,d.bGQ&psig=AFQjCNG6i6xKOWxpnQwcwNHq6eFegREVGg&ust=1400163405983300

16/07/2014 15© 2014, VITO NV

» 1. Which of the processes and contribute the most to the urban heat-island of cities in and around Belgium?

» 2. Is there a seasonal dependency?

Research questions

21

16/07/2014 16© 2014, VITO NV

Why do we care?

» To know which policies are important to keep cities livable, sustainable, and resilient as much as possible!

livable

smart

cities

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=k1FmWO7VP1slhM&tbnid=5Of6RIfDWGDAAM&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http://deacondance.com/understanding-discernment/thinking-man-rodin/&ei=BMp0U5H1GcfHPLuQgdAH&psig=AFQjCNHmWatpw5nVIzZGTsmMuXQmMuFk5A&ust=1400249220505256


http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=OH0dxhIkT6x5MM&tbnid=r4c8hNXmki3VyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://cathrynysl.wordpress.com/category/business/&ei=u8x0U72IJIXDO6LOgYAI&psig=AFQjCNEjwRQ6UG0RoRwl1JIEpJZM9Qud8w&ust=1400249910397767

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=OH0dxhIkT6x5MM&tbnid=r4c8hNXmki3VyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://cathrynysl.wordpress.com/category/business/&ei=u8x0U72IJIXDO6LOgYAI&psig=AFQjCNEjwRQ6UG0RoRwl1JIEpJZM9Qud8w&ust=1400249910397767

16/07/2014 17© 2014, VITO NV

How?

» We adapt the regional climate model CCLM to take account for

» by including the processes and

» Applicable for both summer as for winter

» as efficiënt as possible (cfr. Computational cost, needed input parameters)

21

16/07/2014 18© 2014, VITO NV

Regional climate model? 2 components.

Landoppervlakmodel

Atmospheric model

Sensible heat,

Evapo(transpi)ration,

Upward radiation

Drag on the wind

Temperature,

Precipitation,

Wind,

Downward radiation

16/07/2014 19© 2014, VITO NV

Regional climate model? 2 components.

Land-surface model

Atmospheric model

Wouters et al., (2012). Comprehensive parametrization of surface-layer transfer

coefficients for use in atmospheric numeric models. Boundary-layer Meteorology

Wouters et al., The impact of impervious water-storage parametrization

on urban climate modelling. Urban Climate (under revision)

21

Sensible heat,

Evapo(transpi)ration,

Upward radiation

Drag on the wind

Temperature,

Precipitation,

Wind,

Downward radiation

16/07/2014 20© 2014, VITO NV

Model configuration

Global weather forecasts from ECMWF

resolution:12.5 km

Regional climate model CCLM

resolution: 2.8 km

16/07/2014 21© 2014, VITO NV

Measurements urban heat island

» Antwerp

Antwerp

“Aren’t we a

bunch of

modelers?”

16/07/2014 22© 2014, VITO NV

Urban heat island of Antwerp

16/07/2014 23© 2014, VITO NV


» Mid-summer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

16/07/2014 24© 2014, VITO NV


Uur van de dag

21

» Mid-summer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

16/07/2014 25© 2014, VITO NV


» Mid-summer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

21

16/07/2014 26© 2014, VITO NV


» Mid-summer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

21

16/07/2014 27© 2014, VITO NV

Effect of heat emission in the city?

» Mid-summer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

21

16/07/2014 28© 2014, VITO NV

Effect of heat emission in the city?

» Mid-zomer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

16/07/2014 29© 2014, VITO NV

Effect heat emission in the city?

» Mid-zomer

21/07/2012 -> 21/08/2012

» Mid-winter

21/01/2013 -> 21/02/2013

Uur van de dag

16/07/2014 36© 2014, VITO NV

+ +

=

totale impact

mid-summer

midnight

21 21 21

21

urban structure interactionenergy waste

16/07/2014 37© 2014, VITO NV

+ +

=

totale impact

Values for Brussels

1.97°C 0.68°C -0.21°C

2.44°C

mid-summer

midnight

21 21 21

21


16/07/2014 38© 2014, VITO NV

+ +

=

total impact

Values for Brussels

+0.41°C +1.20°C +0.25°C

+1.97°C

mid-winter

midnight

21 21 21

21


16/07/2014 39© 2014, VITO NV

Conclusions

» Both , as well as their determine the urban heat-island intensity of cities in Belgium, and their respective contributionsstrongly depend on the season

» Both positive as negative influences on the urban thermal comfort needsto be accounted for with regard to:

» Tempering urban heat during heat waves, versus cold waves

» Climate change (e.g. , …)

» (urban) land-use change

21 21



the seasonal dependency of the urban heat island of cities in belgium with cclm/tu

Environment

vito nv2

vito nvurban expansion

de toekomst

de temperatuursstijging

de zomer

vito nv veranderingen

vito nvlarge modifications

vito nv6large modifications