the search vaughanthe search vaughan called himself a son of ben, but clearly we see a lot of...
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The Search
❖ Vaughan called himself a Son of Ben, but clearly we see a lot of Donne’s and Herbert’s influence in his religious poems.
❖ External & internal journey to find Christ
❖ pilgrimage motif, biblical allusions
❖ night - time of mystical vision
❖ ‘roving extasie’ (l. 4) - characteristic of this poem
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Rose -Virgin Mary’s emblem
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Rose without thorns -She is free of original sin
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Nativity
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The Magi (Three Wise Men)
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Christ among the Doctors
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Model of the Second Temple
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The Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount
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Bedrock or Foundation Stone- Well of Souls
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Jesus and the Samaritan woman at Jacob's Well
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Agony in the Garden
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Church of Holy Sepulchreat Calvary
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❖ Wilderness - place of purification
❖ Desert fathers - early Christian hermits who fled into the desert from the persecution of the Romans
❖ Jesus’s bride - Church, New Jerusalem
❖ ‘rove in’ - from external to internal journey within
❖ The voice of conscience calling him back to the right path - Herbert’s influence
❖ ‘mere despair of wings’ - paradox - only the poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of heaven
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The World
❖ night - time of mystical visions
❖ blindness/sight; light/darkness
❖ concretize the abstract (eternity -> ring)
❖ categories of men: lover, statesman, miser, epicure, petty men
❖ ring conceit - eternity -> betrothal ring
❖ circular structure
❖ hearing voice at the end
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Baroque
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
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Mary Magdalene
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Richard Crashaw’s ‘The Weeper’❖ Steps to the Temple (1646) - admirer of George Herbert
❖ Used to live in Italy during the Civil War, he is perhaps the only English poet who, perhaps like none other, was directly influenced by the continental baroque style
❖ overdecorated, obsessed with limited set of sensuous imagery (nest, rose, milk, hair, feet, etc.)
❖ bathos - sudden change from what is lofty or deeply moving to what is foolish, trivial or ludicrous
❖ no real structure, no development, just strings of repetition and variation
❖ no cerebral appeal, sensational rather than metaphysical
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Henry King’s ‘The Exequy’❖ T. S. Eliot called this ‘one of the finest’ and indeed ‘matchless’
poem in English language
❖ Donne’s and Jonson’s influence
❖ metaphor, conceit (echoes of Donne)
❖ octosyllabic couplet, restrained tone, occasional (his wife’s funeral)
❖ controlled meditative structure
❖ ll. 1-80 - elegy for his dead wife
❖ ll. 81-120 - metaphor of his journey to join her in death
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Andrew Marvell “To His Coy Mistress” “The Definition of Love” “On a Drop of Dew” “Bermudas” “The Garden” (The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn) “A Dialogue between the Soul and the Body” “The Coronet” “The Mower’s Song”
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Compare & contrast John Donne’s ‘A Valediction: Of Weeping’ with Richard Crashaw’s ‘The Weeper’ in terms of argument and conceits