the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
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The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. E.T. phone home using 10-10-220. Goals. How likely is intelligent life in the Universe? How can we find out if there is? How could we communicate with it? Should we?. Life in the Universe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Search for The Search for Extraterrestrial Extraterrestrial
IntelligenceIntelligence
E.T. phone home using 10-10-220
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GoalsGoals
• How likely is intelligent life in the Universe?
• How can we find out if there is?• How could we communicate with it?• Should we?
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Life in the Universe
• What are the odds of intelligent life elsewhere in the Universe?
• How many communicating civilizations are there in the Milky Way?
• How do you guess?• How do you guess the number of
jellybeans in a jar?• Break the problem down into things
you can guess.
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The Drake Equation
N = Number of communicating civilizations in our galaxy right now.
And what about the rest?
LfffnfR N cilep*
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R* = 10 */year
Star Formation Rate: R*
• There are 100 billion stars in the Milky Way.
• The Milky Way is 10 billion years old.
R* = 100 billion stars/10 billion years
LfffnfR N cilep*
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Fraction with Planets: fp
• What fraction of stars have planets?• Extrasolar planet research in the last
10 years:– 76 stars are known to have at least one
planet.– 7 stars have more than one planet.– 1 star has three planets
LfffnfR N cilep*
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Upsilon Andromedae
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Fraction with Planets: fp
• What fraction of stars have planets?• Extrasolar planet research in the last
10 years:– 76 stars are known to have at least one
planet.– 7 stars have more than one planet.– 1 star has three planets
LfffnfR N cilep*
fp = 1 Optimistic!
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Number of Earths: ne
• How many habitable planets are there in each of these planetary systems?
• Habitable zone: water should be a liquid
• Depends on star.– No O or B– No M– No binaries
LfffnfR N cilep*
ne = 1/10
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fl = 1/3
Fraction with life: fl
• On what fraction of habitable planets does life evolve?
• Look at our Solar System.• 3 planets in habitable zone, life has
evolved on 1 (or maybe 2).
LfffnfR N cilep*
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Fraction with intelligence: fi
• What fraction of life bearing planets have life evolve to intelligence?
• Is intelligence inevitable?
LfffnfR N cilep*
fl = 1 Inevitable!
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Fraction that communicate: fc
• What fraction of intelligent civilizations become technological enough that we could communicate?
• Is technology inevitable?• Desirable?
LfffnfR N cilep*
fl = 1 Inevitable!
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Lifetime: L
• How long does a civilization last?• Do we have time to communicate with
them?• For us: L = 70 years!
LfffnfR N cilep*
L = 1000 years
Optimistic?
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What’s the Answer?
• R* = 10 */year
• fp = 1
• ne = 1/10
• fl = 1/3
• fi = 1
• fc = 1
• L = 1000 year• N = 330! 330 technological civilizations in
the Milky Way, right now.• But there are 500 billion cubic parsecs in the
Galaxy!
LfffnfR N cilep*
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How Can We Know?
• How can we tell if there are extraterrestrial civilizations?
• Go visit. Is this practical?• Look for visitors? Is there evidence?• Look, or listen, for signals from E.T.
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SETI
• Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence• Several organized searches over the last
30 years.• Use a radio telescope to try to detect
signs of E.T.• Why?• The Earth floods space with radio waves.
– TV– Radio– Cellular phones– etc
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E.T. FM
• Most natural radio sources are broadband.
• Radio stations are narrowband.
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Tuning the Dial
• Nearly all searches have been looking for extremely narrow radio signals.– But there are millions and billions of
frequencies to listen to.– And millions and billions of stars
• Concentrate on nearby sun-like stars.– No luck.
• Point in the sky randomly.– No luck yet. But you can help.
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SETI@Home
• Receiver piggybacks on Arecibo telescope.
• Constantly searches as telescope observes.
• Millions of channels.• Thousands of hours.• Lots of data.• Needs lots of computer power.• Your power.
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SETI@Home
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“Is there anybody out there?”
We have made three attempts to communicate.
1. The Arecibo broadcast to Hercules Cluster.
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Here’s my card.2. The Pioneer 10 and 11 plaques.
Pioneer 10 is now 12 billion km from Earth – 80 AU 11.3 light hours!
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The Voyager Record Club
3. Voyagers 1 and 2 contain a plaque and a record.
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• Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F. First Movement, Munich Bach Orchestra, Karl Richter, conductor. 4:40
• Java, court gamelan, "Kinds of Flowers," recorded by Robert Brown. 4:43 • Senegal, percussion, recorded by Charles Duvelle. 2:08 • Zaire, Pygmy girls' initiation song, recorded by Colin Turnbull. 0:56 • Australia, Aborigine songs, "Morning Star" and "Devil Bird," recorded by Sandra LeBrun Holmes. 1:26 • Mexico, "El Cascabel," performed by Lorenzo Barcelata and the Mariachi México. 3:14 • "Johnny B. Goode," written and performed by Chuck Berry. 2:38 • New Guinea, men's house song, recorded by Robert MacLennan. 1:20 • Japan, shakuhachi, "Tsuru No Sugomori" ("Crane's Nest,") performed by Goro Yamaguchi. 4:51 • Bach, "Gavotte en rondeaux" from the Partita No. 3 in E major for Violin, performed by Arthur Grumiaux.
2:55 • Mozart, The Magic Flute, Queen of the Night aria, no. 14. Edda Moser, soprano. Bavarian State Opera,
Munich, Wolfgang Sawallisch, conductor. 2:55 • Georgian S.S.R., chorus, "Tchakrulo," collected by Radio Moscow. 2:18 • Peru, panpipes and drum, collected by Casa de la Cultura, Lima. 0:52 • "Melancholy Blues," performed by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven. 3:05 • Azerbaijan S.S.R., bagpipes, recorded by Radio Moscow. 2:30 • Stravinsky, Rite of Spring, Sacrificial Dance, Columbia Symphony Orchestra, Igor Stravinsky, conductor.
4:35 • Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 2, Prelude and Fugue in C, No.1. Glenn Gould, piano. 4:48 • Beethoven, Fifth Symphony, First Movement, the Philharmonia Orchestra, Otto Klemperer, conductor.
7:20 • Bulgaria, "Izlel je Delyo Hagdutin," sung by Valya Balkanska. 4:59 • Navajo Indians, Night Chant, recorded by Willard Rhodes. 0:57 • Holborne, Paueans, Galliards, Almains and Other Short Aeirs, "The Fairie Round," performed by David
Munrow and the Early Music Consort of London. 1:17 • Solomon Islands, panpipes, collected by the Solomon Islands Broadcasting Service. 1:12 • Peru, wedding song, recorded by John Cohen. 0:38 • China, ch'in, "Flowing Streams," performed by Kuan P'ing-hu. 7:37 • India, raga, "Jaat Kahan Ho," sung by Surshri Kesar Bai Kerkar. 3:30 • "Dark Was the Night," written and performed by Blind Willie Johnson. 3:15
• Beethoven, String Quartet No. 13 in B flat, Opus 130, Cavatina, performed by Budapest String Quartet.
6:37
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A Pale Blue Dot
Credit – Voyager 1990
43 AU