the search for extra-terrestrial unintelligence
DESCRIPTION
The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence. Jonathan Tennyson Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London. "The two most common things in the universe are hydrogen and stupidity." Harlan Ellison. Is there anybody out there?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence
Jonathan Tennyson
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University College London
"The two most common things in the universe are hydrogen and stupidity."
Harlan Ellison
![Page 2: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Is there anybody out there?
Sagittarius Star Cloud / Hubble Space Telescope
At least 100 thousand million (1011 or 1012) stars in the milky wayAt least 100 thousand million (1011 or 1012) galaxies in the universe
![Page 4: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How to find aliens
1. Hope that they visit us
2. Listen for their signals
3. Look for them
![Page 5: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Search for
extraterrestrial
intelligence
(SETI)
The Arecebo
telescope
![Page 7: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SETI: >500,000,000 screensaver downloads and counting ……What has been found?
Nothing
![Page 8: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Extra solar planets
![Page 9: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Kepler (the mission)Kepler (the mission)
Earth-size planet transiting Sun-type star ~ 0.01 %
Kepler (NASA)launch 2009
![Page 10: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
More than 1200 planetary candidates discovered by
Kepler!
Exoplanets are common…
![Page 11: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Jupiter—Sun: 15 m/s
Present sensitivity: 1 m/s
Earth—Sun: 0.09 m/s
![Page 14: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
You are here!
Characterizing extrasolar planets
![Page 15: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Habitable zone for different stars
“Goldilocks zone”
![Page 16: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Earth and moon fromthe Galileo spacecraft
Can one detectthe signature of
life on Earth?
![Page 17: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NASA’s Galileo SatelliteLaunch 1989Arrived at Jupiter 1995
![Page 18: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“Flatulent ruminoids”Segan et al, Nature (1995)
![Page 19: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
100 million+
years ago –
Plenty of
methane
emissions?
![Page 20: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Time (Gy)
Oxy
gen
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.000014.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Multicell-
Humans
Invertebrates
Rye and Holland, 1998
Oxygen!!!
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Methane ?
![Page 21: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How far is it to the nearest star?A long way!
![Page 22: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
“ We will never know how to study by any means the chemical composition (of stars), or their mineralogical structure ”
Auguste Comte (1835)
![Page 23: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fraunhofer’s map of the solar spectrum
![Page 24: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
High resolution optical spectrum of the Sun
![Page 25: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EmissionAbsorption
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
photon
photon
Ene
rgy
Jumping between energy levels in an atom or molecule
![Page 29: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Methane in the Earth’s atmosphere
Beforephotosynthesis
Afterphotosynthesis
![Page 30: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
A pale blue dot, at 6 billion km away…
() C. Sagan
![Page 31: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Direct observationDirect observation
109 photons in the VIS -> Coronagraph
106 photons in the IR -> Nulling interferometry
Direct observation of star GQ Lupiand its planet GQ Lupi b
![Page 32: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transit of Venus June 8th 2004.
NextJune 5th 2012.
![Page 33: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Radial velocity / Occultation
Period = 3.524738 daysPeriod = 3.524738 days
Mass = 0.69 ±0.05 MMass = 0.69 ±0.05 MJupiterJupiter
Radius = 1.35 ±0.04 RRadius = 1.35 ±0.04 RJupiter Jupiter
Density = 0.35 ±0.05 g/cmDensity = 0.35 ±0.05 g/cm33
HD 209458bHD 209458b
![Page 34: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
NASA’s Spitzer space telescope
![Page 35: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Beaulieu et al., 2007
Knutson et al., 2007
Primary transit + IR + SpitzerPrimary transit + IR + Spitzer
![Page 36: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Water, T-P at the terminator
Water line list: BT2
Barber et al., 2006
Tinetti et al., Nature, 444, 169 (2007)
![Page 37: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Methane, plusConfirmation of
water and hazes!
Beaulieu et al., 2007
Knutson et al., 2007
Swain et al., 2007
Pont et al., 2007
![Page 38: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Giovanna Tinetti, UCL
So far discovered:Water H2OMethane CH4 Carbon dioxide CO2
Carbon monoxide COHydrogen cyanide HCN
On HD189733bwith more to come
HD1897733b too hot for life
![Page 39: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Transit huntersTransit hunters
Transits of objects down to Earth-size
COROT (CNES/ESA)launch Dec. 2006 (mission extended)25 transiting planets foundincluding 1 super-earth
Kepler (NASA)launch 6 March 2009. 3.5 year mission: 22 confirmed planets so far + >1200 candidates
![Page 40: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NWO is a large-class Exoplanet mission that employs two spacecrafts: a “starshade” to suppress starlight
before it enters the telescope and a conventional telescope to detect and characterize exo-planets.
Cash, Nature, 2006
The New World Observer
![Page 41: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory
Telescope Baffle
V-groove side sunshield
GaAs Solar Cells
Detectors
Service Module
1.5m silicon carbide mirror
![Page 42: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory
• 1.2 to 1.5m dedicated telescope
• L2 halo orbit, direction anti-Sun
• Broadband spectral coverage from VIS to IR ( 0.4 to 16 µm )
• Maximum spectral resolution R=300
• 5 year mission
PI Giovanna Tinetti (UCL)
launch 2022?
![Page 43: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A year in the life ofJuly 10 Talk WCGS Science Conference
July 10 European Space Agency (ESA) formal call for M3 missions
Oct 10 European Research Council (ERC) awards me 2.5 MEuros for ExoMol: Molecular line lists for exoplanet & other atmospheres
Nov 10 59 Expressions interest to ESA
Dec 10 43 Formal bids to ESA
Jan 11 13 bids selected (including EChO)
Feb 11 8 bids selected (including EChO)
March 11 4 bids selected for further study:
EChO, LOFT, MarcoPolo-R, STEQUEST
May 11 ExoMol project starts
June 11 UK Space Agency + PPARC select EChO as top priority
![Page 44: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Future timelines (approximate)
2011-13 Specification and testing
2014 “Down selection”
2015-19 Instrument and satellite build
2019-21 Assembly and testing
2022 Launch ?
![Page 45: The Search for Extra-Terrestrial unIntelligence](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815af5550346895dc8b1b1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
H3+ Liesl Neale (H2D+ Taha Sochi)
H2O Bob Barber (HDO Boris Voronin)HCN/HNC (H13CN/ H13CN) Greg Harris
HeH+ Elodie Engel NH3 Bob Barber and Sergei Yurchenko (Dresden)
HCCH Andrea Urru
C3 Santina La Delfa and Taha Sochi
Linelists completed or under construction @ UCL by
The ExoMol project