the scourge of ‘manual handling’ in the constructionin the ...€¦ · aim of the presentation...

WASHEQ Conference 2011

The Scourge ofThe Scourge ofg‘MANUAL HANDLING’in the Construction

g‘MANUAL HANDLING’in the Constructionin the Construction

Industryin the Construction

Industry

Presented by Daniel A. Anoff MSc. Pg. Civil Eng. AMIDE ICIOB


IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

•• Annually, over 20% of all injuries in Annually, over 20% of all injuries in the Construction Industry were the Construction Industry were

t i d hil t ll lifti dt i d hil t ll lifti dsustained whilst manually lifting and sustained whilst manually lifting and handling materials or equipment. handling materials or equipment.

•• TThe Construction Industry accountshe Construction Industry accounts•• TThe Construction Industry accounts he Construction Industry accounts for 25% of all injury accidents.for 25% of all injury accidents.

•• All manual work involves lifting andAll manual work involves lifting and•• All manual work involves lifting and All manual work involves lifting and handling to some extent. handling to some extent.


Manual Handling ‘Ride’Manual Handling ‘Ride’Manual Handling RideManual Handling Ride

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BEFORE BEFORE AFTERAFTERDURING DURING


Aim of the PresentationAim of the Presentation

•• T i f H lth d S f tT i f H lth d S f t

Aim of the PresentationAim of the Presentation

•• To improve awareness of Health and Safety To improve awareness of Health and Safety on Construction Project Sites.on Construction Project Sites.

•• To gain an understanding of the principles ofTo gain an understanding of the principles ofTo gain an understanding of the principles of To gain an understanding of the principles of Safer Manual Handling Techniques for both Safer Manual Handling Techniques for both loads and people. loads and people. T l i h th l k l t l tT l i h th l k l t l t•• To explain how the musculoskeletal system To explain how the musculoskeletal system can be used effectively to reduce the risk of can be used effectively to reduce the risk of injury.injury.injury.injury.

•• To explain safer handling principles and use To explain safer handling principles and use of safe system of work whilst moving and of safe system of work whilst moving and h dlih dlihandling.handling.


ContentContent11 DefinitionDefinition

ContentContent1.1. DefinitionDefinition2.2. StatisticsStatistics3.3. Anatomy Anatomy yy4.4. MechanicsMechanics5.5. InjuriesInjuries6.6. Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment7.7. LawLaw

GG8.8. GuidelinesGuidelines9.9. Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting1010 ConclusionConclusion10.10. ConclusionConclusion


1 Definition1 Definition1. Definition 1. Definition

•• Any activity requiring the use of Any activity requiring the use of forceforce exerted by a person to lift, exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry or otherwiselower, push, pull, carry or otherwiselower, push, pull, carry or otherwise lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or restrain any animate move, hold or restrain any animate or inanimate objector inanimate object.

•• The The fforceorce or or load load don’t need to be don’t need to be “heavy” or “awkward” to cause the“heavy” or “awkward” to cause theheavy or awkward to cause the heavy or awkward to cause the handler lasting health problemshandler lasting health problems.


2 Statistics2 Statistics2. Statistics2. Statistics

•• 37% Manual Handling37% Manual Handling

Summary of largest Summary of largest cause of accidents at workcause of accidents at work

37% Manual Handling37% Manual Handling•• 19% Slips, Trips and Falls19% Slips, Trips and Falls•• 12% Other Causes12% Other Causes•• 20% Struck by an Object20% Struck by an Object•• 7% Falling from Height7% Falling from Height•• 5% Machinery5% Machinery


3 Anatomy of the Human Body3 Anatomy of the Human Body3. Anatomy of the Human Body3. Anatomy of the Human BodyThe SpineThe SpineThe Spine The Spine It has three main functionsIt has three main functions1.1. To protect the spinal cordTo protect the spinal cordp pp p2.2. To allow movementTo allow movement3.3. To support the upper bodyTo support the upper body

The Complex SystemThe Complex SystemIt consist of the followingIt consist of the following1.1. Spinal CordSpinal Cord2.2. NervesNerves3.3. LigamentsLigaments4.4. Muscles & TendonsMuscles & Tendons


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy VertebraeVertebrae3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--VertebraeVertebrae

•• The vertebrae The vertebrae consist of consist of 33 bones: the top 24 are 33 bones: the top 24 are

Spinal Cord

separated by separated by discs.discs.•• Each vertebrae has 4 Each vertebrae has 4

j i t hi h blj i t hi h bljoints which enables joints which enables movement.movement.

•• The vertebraeThe vertebrae are largerare larger

Disc

•• The vertebrae The vertebrae are larger are larger towards the bottom of the towards the bottom of the spinespine Vertebraespine.spine.


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy DiscDisc3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--DiscDisc

•• Act Act as shock absorbersas shock absorbersFi l tt h d t t bFi l tt h d t t b

Nucleus

•• Firmly attached to vertebraeFirmly attached to vertebrae•• Poor blood supplyPoor blood supply

Annulus•• Annulus stretches and Annulus stretches and

relaxes during movementrelaxes during movement

Discsc


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy Disc cont’dDisc cont’d3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--Disc cont dDisc cont d

•• Repeated Repeated stresses can stresses can cause minute tears and cause minute tears and bulging of the bulging of the disk.disk.

•• Presses Presses on adjacent nerves on adjacent nerves and ligamentsand ligaments pinspins &&and ligaments and ligaments –– pins pins & & needles, pain, needles, pain, numbnessnumbness

•• Commonly Commonly called a slipped called a slipped dididiscdisc


3 Anatomy3 Anatomy MusclesMuscles3. Anatomy3. Anatomy-- MusclesMuscles

•• Muscles are bundles of fibre Muscles are bundles of fibre which enable movementwhich enable movement

•• Messages from the brain cause Messages from the brain cause them to contract and relaxthem to contract and relax

•• Connected by tendons andConnected by tendons and•• Connected by tendons and Connected by tendons and when muscles contract the when muscles contract the bones are drawn closer together bones are drawn closer together

•• A damaged muscle is called a A damaged muscle is called a strainstrain

3 Anatomy3 Anatomy Ligament & NervesLigament & Nerves3. Anatomy3. Anatomy--Ligament & NervesLigament & NervesLigamentLigament NervesNervesLigamentLigament•• Strong Strong fibrous tissuefibrous tissue•• Small degree of Small degree of

NervesNerves•• Millions of fibres Millions of fibres

transmitting electrical transmitting electrical S a deg ee oS a deg ee oelasticityelasticity

•• Stooped back posture Stooped back posture can result in permanentcan result in permanent

t a s tt g e ect cat a s tt g e ect caimpulsesimpulses

•• Vertebrae enclose and Vertebrae enclose and can result in permanent can result in permanent elongation elongation –– weakness weakness and painand pain

protectprotect•• Nerves branch out from the Nerves branch out from the

i l d di l d d•• Damaged if stretched Damaged if stretched too far and torn too far and torn –– called called a spraina sprain

spinal cord and pass spinal cord and pass between vertebraebetween vertebrae

•• Irritated nerves can be feltIrritated nerves can be felta sprain.a sprain. •• Irritated nerves can be felt Irritated nerves can be felt right along there length right along there length ––called sciatica.called sciatica.


4 Mechanic4 Mechanic of Manual Handlingof Manual Handling4. Mechanic 4. Mechanic of Manual Handlingof Manual Handling

•• Although mechanical Although mechanical equipment should be used equipment should be used whenever practicable muchwhenever practicable muchwhenever practicable, much whenever practicable, much of the work will inevitably of the work will inevitably continue to be done continue to be done manuallymanuallymanually. manually.

•• The risk of injury can be The risk of injury can be j yj ygreatly reduced by a greatly reduced by a knowledge and application knowledge and application of correct lifting and handlingof correct lifting and handlingof correct lifting and handling of correct lifting and handling techniques and by taking a techniques and by taking a few elementary precautionsfew elementary precautions.


4 Mechanic of Manual Handling4 Mechanic of Manual Handling4. Mechanic of Manual Handling4. Mechanic of Manual Handling

●● Balance point is through centre of body when Balance point is through centre of body when standing.standing.

•• A load held in front disturbs the balanceA load held in front disturbs the balance tensiontension•• A load held in front disturbs the balance A load held in front disturbs the balance -- tension tension is generated in the back muscles to compensateis generated in the back muscles to compensate

•• Forms a leverForms a lever effecteffectForms a lever Forms a lever effect.effect.•• Average person holding a 10kg load at arms Average person holding a 10kg load at arms

length generates a counterbalancing tension up length generates a counterbalancing tension up g g g pg g g pto 10 times more to 10 times more –– to avoid falling to avoid falling over. over.

•• High or repetitive levels of tension in the back High or repetitive levels of tension in the back dd ll d lll d l t it ican cause damage can cause damage –– called muscle called muscle strain. strain.


4 Mechanics4 Mechanics4. Mechanics4. Mechanics

Centre of Gravity Centre of GravityCentre of Gravity

Lever effect is reduced if load held closer to the bodyLever effect is reduced if load held closer to the body


4 Mechanics4 Mechanics4. Mechanics4. Mechanics

Graphic IllustrationGraphic Illustration‐‐ DDeformation of vertebrae when put under load strain eformation of vertebrae when put under load strain


5 Injuries5 Injuries5. Injuries5. Injuries

I j iI j i t it i d i t ld i t lInjuriesInjuries are strains are strains and sprains to muscles and sprains to muscles and joints, torn ligaments and tendons, disc and joints, torn ligaments and tendons, disc trouble and hernias. trouble and hernias.

●● These are often caused by These are often caused by sudden sudden and and awkwardawkward movements e g twisting ormovements e g twisting orawkward awkward movements, e.g. twisting or movements, e.g. twisting or jerking while lifting, jerking while lifting, or or handling heavy handling heavy loadsloads; lifting ; lifting loads beyond their physical loads beyond their physical capabilitiescapabilitiescapabilities. capabilities.

●● Back injuries are most frequently Back injuries are most frequently sustained while lifting and handling sustained while lifting and handling g gg gmanually. manually.



•• They may be the cumulative effect of They may be the cumulative effect of repeated minor injuries, or the result of an repeated minor injuries, or the result of an abrupt strainabrupt strainabrupt strain. abrupt strain.

•• Stoop Stoop lifting should be avoided; it greatly lifting should be avoided; it greatly increases the chances of sustaining back increases the chances of sustaining back i j ii j iinjuries. injuries.

•• Laboratory Laboratory tests show that the stresses tests show that the stresses imposed on a rounded back during stoopimposed on a rounded back during stoopimposed on a rounded back during stoop imposed on a rounded back during stoop lifting is six times that experienced if the trunk lifting is six times that experienced if the trunk is kept erect while bending at the kneesis kept erect while bending at the knees..



•• The muscles of the abdominal wall are The muscles of the abdominal wall are particularly vulnerable, and excessive particularly vulnerable, and excessive strain may lead to rupturesstrain may lead to rupturesstrain may lead to ruptures.strain may lead to ruptures.

•• Cuts and abrasions from rough Cuts and abrasions from rough surfaces, sharp or jagged edges, surfaces, sharp or jagged edges, , p j gg g ,, p j gg g ,splinters, projections, etc. splinters, projections, etc.

•• Protective clothing should be worn; Protective clothing should be worn; especially leather or PVC gloves toespecially leather or PVC gloves toespecially leather or PVC gloves to especially leather or PVC gloves to protect the protect the hands.hands.



•• The risk of injury is reduced by The risk of injury is reduced by knowledge of correct lifting knowledge of correct lifting techniques and not by attemptingtechniques and not by attemptingtechniques and not by attempting techniques and not by attempting to lift excessively heavy loads to lift excessively heavy loads without without assistance.assistance.

•• Crushing Crushing of limbs, etc. by falling of limbs, etc. by falling loads, or by fingers, hands or feet loads, or by fingers, hands or feet oads, o by ge s, a ds o eetoads, o by ge s, a ds o eetbecoming trapped by loads.becoming trapped by loads.


6 Risk Assessment6 Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment6. Risk AssessmentBeforeBefore handlinghandling a load established the following:a load established the following:

●● What What has to be moved?has to be moved?Wh t d it i h?Wh t d it i h?

Before Before handling handling a load, established the following:a load, established the following:

●● How far does it have to How far does it have to b d d fb d d f●● What does it weigh?What does it weigh?

●● Can it be safely handled by Can it be safely handled by one person?one person?

be moved and from be moved and from where to where?where to where?

●● CanCan the process thatthe process thatone person?one person?●● Where is the load’s centre Where is the load’s centre

of gravity?of gravity?

Can Can the process that the process that requires it to be moved requires it to be moved be changed?be changed?C th b i dC th b i d●● Does it really have to be Does it really have to be

moved? moved? ●● WillWill assistance beassistance be

●● Can the move be carried Can the move be carried out more safely with out more safely with mechanical assistancemechanical assistance??●● Will Will assistance be assistance be

required?required?


6 Risk Assessment6 Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment6. Risk Assessment

●● Suitable protective clothing should be wornSuitable protective clothing should be worn●● Suitable protective clothing should be worn. Suitable protective clothing should be worn. This may include gloves, safety footwear, safety This may include gloves, safety footwear, safety helmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosivehelmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosivehelmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosive helmets, and special overalls if hot or corrosive substances are to be carried.substances are to be carried.

●● Ensure that the lifting and lowering areas are Ensure that the lifting and lowering areas are g gg gclear of tripping hazards, and likewise check the clear of tripping hazards, and likewise check the route over which the load is to be carried.route over which the load is to be carried.

●● Not Not all loads need to be carried, of course. It all loads need to be carried, of course. It may be easiest to roll, slew or push them. But may be easiest to roll, slew or push them. But

i t i ht till b i d t id thi t i ht till b i d t id thassistance might still be required to avoid the assistance might still be required to avoid the risk of injury.risk of injury.


66 Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment66. Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment

•• Correct positioning of hands and feet in Correct positioning of hands and feet in relation to the movement of the load is relation to the movement of the load is essential. essential.

•• Timber Timber wedges should be used when wedges should be used when raising or lowering heavy loads to prevent raising or lowering heavy loads to prevent fingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushedfingers and hands becoming crushed..


77 The LawThe Law77. The Law. The Law

•• The Health and Safety at Work The Health and Safety at Work etc. etc. Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)Act 1974 (HASAWA)

•• The Management of Health and The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999Safety at Work Regulations 1999Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWA)(MHSWA)

•• The Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling Operations•• The Manual Handling Operations The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992



HASAWAHASAWAHASAWAHASAWA::

G l d hG l d h●● General duty to ensure the General duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare at health, safety and welfare at work of their employees Inwork of their employees Inwork of their employees. In work of their employees. In particular, they have a duty to particular, they have a duty to ensure the safe use, handling, ensure the safe use, handling, e su e t e sa e use, a d g,e su e t e sa e use, a d g,storage and transport of articles storage and transport of articles and substances so far as is and substances so far as is reasonably reasonably practicable.practicable.



MHSWRMHSWR::

●● Regulation 3(1) requires Regulation 3(1) requires employers to risk assess work employers to risk assess work

ti iti Thi i k tti iti Thi i k tactivities. This risk assessment activities. This risk assessment should identify whether there is a should identify whether there is a risk of injury from manual handlingrisk of injury from manual handlingrisk of injury from manual handling risk of injury from manual handling operations in the workplaceoperations in the workplace..



The Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling OperationsThe Manual Handling Operations The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992Regulations 1992::

•• These regulations are based on These regulations are based on an ergonomic approach toan ergonomic approach toan ergonomic approach to an ergonomic approach to preventing manual handling preventing manual handling injuries. This involves fitting the injuries. This involves fitting the j gj gjob to the worker, taking into job to the worker, taking into account anatomy, physiology account anatomy, physiology

d h ld h land psychology.and psychology.



TThese hese regulations require a regulations require a number of relevant factors to be number of relevant factors to be t k i tt k i t id ti d iid ti d itaken into taken into consideration during consideration during manual handling: manual handling:

These These are known as are known as TILE: TILE: ●● Task Task ●● Individual CapabilityIndividual Capability●● Load Load ●● EnvironmentEnvironment



●● Task: Task: What What is it about the way that we is it about the way that we organise the task which might affect organise the task which might affect our health and safetyour health and safety??our health and safetyour health and safety??

●● Individual Individual Capabilities: Capabilities: What is it about What is it about the people who are doing the job that the people who are doing the job that p p g jp p g jmight affect their health and safetymight affect their health and safety??

●● LoadLoad: : What is it about the load which What is it about the load which i ht ff t h lth d f ti ht ff t h lth d f t ??might affect our health and safetymight affect our health and safety??

●● EnvironmentEnvironment: : What is it about the place What is it about the place which might affect our health andwhich might affect our health andwhich might affect our health and which might affect our health and safety?safety?



These regulations set out a hierarchy of These regulations set out a hierarchy of measures employers should work throughmeasures employers should work throughmeasures employers should work through measures employers should work through to prevent or reduce the likelihood of injuryto prevent or reduce the likelihood of injury::

●● Avoid manual handlingAvoid manual handling●● Assess the taskAssess the task

R d th i kR d th i k●● Reduce the riskReduce the risk●● Monitor the taskMonitor the task●● Inform and train staff on residual risksInform and train staff on residual risks●● Inform and train staff on residual risksInform and train staff on residual risks


8 Guidelines8 Guidelines8. Guidelines 8. Guidelines

•• There is no such thing as a There is no such thing as a completely ‘safe’ manualcompletely ‘safe’ manualcompletely safe manual completely safe manual handling operation. But working handling operation. But working within the following guidelineswithin the following guidelineswithin the following guidelines within the following guidelines will cut the risk and reduce the will cut the risk and reduce the need for a more detailedneed for a more detailedneed for a more detailed need for a more detailed assessmentassessment.


8 Guidelines8 Guidelines8. Guidelines 8. Guidelines

Each box in the diagram above shows guideline weights for lifting and lowering


88 GuidelinesGuidelines88. Guidelines . Guidelines

S i l F tS i l F t i O tii O ti R h G idR h G idSpecial FactorsSpecial Factors in Operationin Operation Rough GuideRough Guide

Operation repeatedOperation repeated once or twice a minuteonce or twice a minute Reduce weightReduce weight by 30%by 30%

Operation repeatedOperation repeated five to eight times a minutefive to eight times a minute Reduce weightReduce weight by 50%by 50%p pp p gg gg yy

Operation repeatedOperation repeated more than 12 times/secondmore than 12 times/second Reduce weightReduce weight by 80%by 80%

‘Average’ Female‘Average’ Female Reduce weightReduce weight by 30%by 30%

HandlerHandler twist through 45 degreestwist through 45 degrees Reduce weightReduce weight by 10%by 10%

HandlerHandler twist through 90 degreestwist through 90 degrees ReduceReduce weight by 20%weight by 20%

HandlerHandler seated and twistingseated and twisting LessLess than 5kgthan 5kgHandlerHandler seated and twistingseated and twisting LessLess than 5kgthan 5kg

HandlersHandlers seatedseated About 5kgAbout 5kg

Pushing orPushing or pulling a load (assumed that force is pulling a load (assumed that force is About 25kg for starting or About 25kg for starting or applied with hands between knuckles and applied with hands between knuckles and shoulder height)shoulder height)

stopping astopping a load. About 10kg load. About 10kg for keeping a load in motionfor keeping a load in motion


99 Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting9. 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting Kinetic Method of Lifting

The weight that can be lifted by any individual willThe weight that can be lifted by any individual will●● The weight that can be lifted by any individual will The weight that can be lifted by any individual will vary according to personal physique, age, condition vary according to personal physique, age, condition and practice, and the techniques employedand practice, and the techniques employed..

●● Youthful exuberance and bravado often tempt Youthful exuberance and bravado often tempt younger employees to attempt to lift loads that are younger employees to attempt to lift loads that are too heavy While they may succeed in the shorttoo heavy While they may succeed in the shorttoo heavy. While they may succeed in the short too heavy. While they may succeed in the short term, long term damage may be doneterm, long term damage may be done..

LiftingLifting capacity declines with age and an oldercapacity declines with age and an older●● Lifting Lifting capacity declines with age and an older capacity declines with age and an older person may not be capable of lifting the same load person may not be capable of lifting the same load as a younger person; although this can be offset by as a younger person; although this can be offset by employing a better techniqueemploying a better techniqueemploying a better technique.employing a better technique.


99 Kinetic Method of LiftingKinetic Method of Lifting99. Kinetic Method of Lifting . Kinetic Method of Lifting

●● TheThe weight to be lifted must beweight to be lifted must be●● The The weight to be lifted must be weight to be lifted must be within the lifting capacity of the within the lifting capacity of the individual worker and the loadindividual worker and the loadindividual worker and the load individual worker and the load should be approached squarely, should be approached squarely, facing the intended direction of facing the intended direction of traveltravel..

●● TheThe feet are positioned about afeet are positioned about a●● The The feet are positioned about a feet are positioned about a hip’s width apart, one foot slightly in hip’s width apart, one foot slightly in front of the body. front of the body. yy


9 Kinetic Method of Lifting9 Kinetic Method of Lifting9. Kinetic Method of Lifting 9. Kinetic Method of Lifting

●● The The load is tilted with one hand (if load is tilted with one hand (if necessary) so that the other hand can necessary) so that the other hand can obtain a secure grip at the corner obtain a secure grip at the corner g pg pnearest the body. nearest the body.

●● The The free hand is then transferred to the free hand is then transferred to the furthest corner of the load and drawn as furthest corner of the load and drawn as close to the trunk as possible. close to the trunk as possible. c ose o e u as poss b ec ose o e u as poss b e

●● Arms Arms should be well tucked in to provide should be well tucked in to provide maximum support to the load.maximum support to the load.



●● The The load should be held firmly into load should be held firmly into the body and carried to where it is the body and carried to where it is t b d it dt b d it dto be deposited. to be deposited.

●● The The closer the centre of gravity of closer the centre of gravity of the load can be kept to that of the the load can be kept to that of the body the easier and more naturalbody the easier and more naturalbody, the easier and more natural body, the easier and more natural the lift. It is important to be able to the lift. It is important to be able to see over or around the load so as tosee over or around the load so as tosee over or around the load so as to see over or around the load so as to avoid tripping hazards.avoid tripping hazards.



●● When the weight is approaching the When the weight is approaching the maximum lifting capacity of the maximum lifting capacity of the individual it will be necessary to leanindividual it will be necessary to leanindividual, it will be necessary to lean individual, it will be necessary to lean back on the hips with the load to bring back on the hips with the load to bring the trunk to the erect position before the trunk to the erect position before t i ht i th l t lift th l dt i ht i th l t lift th l dstraightening the legs to lift the load. straightening the legs to lift the load.

●● In this instance the body is being usedIn this instance the body is being used●● In this instance the body is being used In this instance the body is being used simply as a counterbalance to keep simply as a counterbalance to keep muscular effort down to a minimum.muscular effort down to a minimum.



•• Grips should not be changed Grips should not be changed while carrying the load. First while carrying the load. First rest the load on a ledge or rest the load on a ledge or other firm support, then other firm support, then change the grip if necessarychange the grip if necessarychange the grip if necessary.change the grip if necessary.



WhenWhen large or awkward weights arelarge or awkward weights are●● When When large or awkward weights are large or awkward weights are involved, assistance should be soughtinvolved, assistance should be sought..

●● CoCo--ordinating team activity is important ordinating team activity is important in team lifting. One person should give in team lifting. One person should give directions during lifting, carrying anddirections during lifting, carrying anddirections during lifting, carrying and directions during lifting, carrying and lowering. lowering.

ProperlyProperly designed lifting aids will enabledesigned lifting aids will enable●● Properly Properly designed lifting aids will enable designed lifting aids will enable some tasks to be performed more some tasks to be performed more quickly and easily and also eliminate the quickly and easily and also eliminate the risk of injury or risk of injury or damage.damage.


10 Conclusion10 Conclusion10. Conclusion10. Conclusion

●● Musculoskeletal disorders Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the biggest cause of (MSDs) are the biggest cause of occupational ill health in theoccupational ill health in theoccupational ill health in the occupational ill health in the construction Industry. construction Industry.

●● This could be avoided if This could be avoided if management and workers didmanagement and workers didmanagement and workers did management and workers did their bit to make the workplace their bit to make the workplace safersafer. .


10 Conclusion10 Conclusion10. Conclusion10. Conclusion

FF th t t th b tt it’ ith t t th b tt it’ i●● From From the top to the bottom, it’s in the top to the bottom, it’s in everyone’s interest to keep everyone’s interest to keep themselves safe from injuries thatthemselves safe from injuries thatthemselves safe from injuries that themselves safe from injuries that are avoidable. are avoidable.

●● Unless everyone actually takes Unless everyone actually takes some action to improve the some action to improve the so e act o to p o e t eso e act o to p o e t esituation, nothing will change and situation, nothing will change and construction workers will continue construction workers will continue to be seriously to be seriously injured.injured.


REMEMBERREMEMBERREMEMBERREMEMBERPREVENTIONPREVENTION IS IS BETTERBETTER THAN THAN

CURECURECURECURE


THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END

the scourge of ‘manual handling’ in the constructionin the ...€¦ · aim of the presentation...

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