the scope for food and agriculture policy research in central asia and the caucasus
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Tashkent, Uzbekistan April 4th, 2006TRANSCRIPT
The scope for food and
agriculture policy research in
Central Asia and the Caucasus
Joachim von BraunDirector General
International Food Policy Research Institute
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
April 4th, 2006
Overview of the presentation
1. The Problems and Opportunities of Food and
Agriculture Policy in Central Asia and the
Caucasus
2. Food and Agriculture Policy Research:
Potential Contributions in Central Asia and
the Caucasus
3. Some Priorities for the Next Years
Interlinked Challenges for Policy Attention
1. Lack of market and technology driven growth
2. Slow development of the rural non farm sector
linked to agriculture
3. Management of natural resources
4. Institutional and capacity constraints in food
system and agriculture
5. Food and nutrition problems of the poor persist
Challenge 1:
Lack of market and technology driven growth
• Countries had adopted food self sufficiency as
strategy to achieve food security
• Focus on comparative advantage and high value
agriculture an option
• Connecting farmers to processors to retailers
needs information, cooperation, and organization
• Opportunities for regional cooperation in CA and C
not yet sufficiently used
Challenge 2: Slow development of the rural non farm
sector that is linked to agriculture
• Develop rural infrastructure ( but of which kind
and where?)
• Promote legal and regulatory environment,
• Provide training in relevant technical,
entrepreneurial and management skills for
modernizing the rural economy (incl. on
devolution of government to local levels);
Example of IFPRI research:
Regional income multipliers from agricultural growth
• Asia: 1.6 – 1.9 (i.e. each additional $1 of income
generated in agriculture leads to another $ .6 to .9 of
income in the local RNFE)
• Africa: 1.3 - 1.5
• Latin America: 1.4 – 1.6
And in CAC?
Challenge 3:
Management of Natural Resources
• Faulty irrigation patterns and maintenance
• Food production increase mainly through land area increase
• Leaching of fertilizers into the soil
Challenge 4:
Institutional and Capacity Strengthening
• Flexible decision making needed for a modern
agriculture (over regulation?)
• Land reform not adequately accompanied by
other market reforms
• Often little transparency and accountability in
food and agriculture systems organizations
• The small garden and household plot based
agriculture not well serviced
5. Under-nutrition in Central Asia and the
Caucasus
Proportion of undernourished population, 2000-02 vs. 1993-95
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyztan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
2000-2002
1993-1995
Source: FAO 2004
+ 18%
- 4 %
+ 40 %
- 15 %
-12 %
- 19 %
- 18 %
Overview of the presentation
1. The Problems and Opportunities of Food and
Agriculture Policy in Central Asia and the
Caucasus
2. Food and Agriculture Policy Research:
Potential Contributions in Central Asia and
the Caucasus
3. Some Priorities for the Next Years
Food and Agriculture Policy Research: Potential
Contributions in Central Asia and the Caucasus
1. Development strategy and agriculture
2. Natural resources policy (water, soils, bio-
diversity)
3. Market and trade policy and regional
cooperation
4. Consumer safety and nutrition policy
Need for a strategy
Beyond agriculture; must connect to the whole economy and
interests of society
Strategy for society and the economy
Strategy for the food and agriculture system
Strategy for the agriculture research system
Strategy for the organizations of agric. research
2. Development Strategies and the Role of Food
and Agriculture
FROM
Growth Linkages
TO
Economy-wide
Policy Analysis
1. Growth linkages between agriculture
and rest of the economy
2. Political economy of food policy
3. Public investment
4. Governance and devolution
2. Research on Natural Resources Policy
FROM
Land and Water
TO
Institutional Innovations for NR-
policy
1. Prospects for less favored lands
2. Long term implications of environmental
problems for food security
3. Lack of tenure over property and poverty
4. Institutional reforms for water allocation
3. Research on Markets and Trade Policy
FROM
International
Commodities and
Trade Policy
TO
Analyses of
Domestic and
Regional Markets
1. Agricultural price policy in the context of
technological and institutional changes
2. Exports of non traditional products
3. Regional trade agreements
4. Assuring Food-Safety and Food Security
FROM
Subsidies
TO
Safety Nets and
Insurance
1. Food –safety regulation for healthy food
systems
2. Indirect policies to improve food security:
Insuring the income of the poor, protecting
assets
3. Innovative approaches to social protection:
conditional cash transfer programs
Overview of the presentation
1. The Problems and Opportunities of Food and
Agriculture Policy in Central Asia and the
Caucasus
2. Food and Agriculture Policy Research:
Potential Contributions in Central Asia and
the Caucasus
3. Some Priorities for the Next Years
Priorities ? Must be few
1. Regional cooperation in food and agriculture (markets, water, science, etc.)
2. Exploring the high value agriculture opportunities in (small) farm and processing sectors (incl. livestock)
3. Structural issues: the property rights reforms
4. Genetic resources policies and bio-safety / bio-tech
5. Policy research capacity in CAC: Strengthening organizations of research, and teaching / training in agriculture and food system
Must be an outcome of open dialogue among the partners in the region