The Scientific Revolution

Man and Ideas

The Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment challenged and changed the way people thought challenged and changed the way people thought about the world.about the world.

1600 to modern times seen an explosion in 1600 to modern times seen an explosion in man’s changing idea of “God”man’s changing idea of “God”

World History Timeline

33,000 B.C

to

8000 B.C

Cro-MagnonMan

3200

B.C

3,700,00B.CAustralopithecus

8350 B.C

Jericho built Ğ1st walled town

? The GreatFlood (Noah)

MoneyAstronomyMedicineTradeReligionLaw

Egypt &Mesopotamia(FertileCrescent)

India

2500

B.C

China

1500BC

300BC

AD550

AD589

2000

B.C

Greece

The Americas

Africa

Rome

AD146

AD476

AD 30 Jesusis crucified

AD 570Muhammedis born

Medieval Europe

AD1500

Islamic Empire

AD570

AD1250

AD 1450

GutenbergÕsPrintingPress

AD1517LutherÕsReformation

AD 1619Jamestowncolonists inAmerica

AD 1643

Louis XIVbuildsVersaillesin France

AD1215

MagnaCartaissigned

AD 1776

AmericaDeclaresIndependence

United States of America

AD 1789

FrenchRevolution

AD 1799

NapoleonrulesFrance

AD 1863

AmericanCivil war

AD 1914

WWI

AD 1940

WWII

AD 2001

9/11

AD 0

The Old and The New WorldsSuperstitious?

Black Cat

Ladder

Science = Magic = Alchemey

The Scientific Revolution not only changed the way people viewed the world of science but most importantly the way they viewed knowledge and information.

Scientific RevolutionSpirit of the Renaissance encouraged curiosity. Spirit of the Renaissance encouraged curiosity. People began to use experiments and science.People began to use experiments and science.

This was the creation of the This was the creation of the Scientific Scientific RevolutionRevolution. . They used 3 new tools.They used 3 new tools.

1. Emphasis on reason and systematic observation in 1. Emphasis on reason and systematic observation in naturenature

2. Formulation of the scientific method2. Formulation of the scientific method

3. Expansion of scientific knowledge3. Expansion of scientific knowledge

Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus.Nicolaus Copernicus.

Tycho Brahe (Danish)Tycho Brahe (Danish)

Early astronomerEarly astronomer Ptolemy Ptolemy - - geocentric theorygeocentric theory - Earth - Earth centered. Sun and planets revolve around Earth.centered. Sun and planets revolve around Earth.

1500s. Copernicus argued sun center of universe - 1500s. Copernicus argued sun center of universe - heliocentric theory.heliocentric theory.

Scientific Revolution

Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler. (German) planetary motion. (German) planetary motion

Used math to prove Copernicus was right (ellipses)Used math to prove Copernicus was right (ellipses)

Galileo Galilei (father of modern physics)Galileo Galilei (father of modern physics)

Invented telescope. Saw mts valleys of moon; rings of Saturn.Invented telescope. Saw mts valleys of moon; rings of Saturn.

Church took him to trail. Forced to recant his words.Church took him to trail. Forced to recant his words.

Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton

Law of universal gravitation.Law of universal gravitation.

Laws of motion.Laws of motion.

Radical change to social ideas. Major mov’ts on earth did not necessarily involve Radical change to social ideas. Major mov’ts on earth did not necessarily involve God.God.

Blood Work

• William Harvey: England discovered circulation of the blood through the body by the heart

Scientific RevolutionFrench philosopher and mathematician French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes Rene Descartes

(Rationalism truth)(Rationalism truth)

• Descartes took the opposite view depending on deductive reasoning to uncover truth.

• Work by all the scientists of the period especially Newton helped man see that the world was not a chaotic environment but could be understood with logic and reason.

• The preoccupation with witchcraft served as a polar opposite to this

• progress.

Father of idea that you must prove, through scientific experimentation Father of idea that you must prove, through scientific experimentation all theoriesall theories

““I think therefore I am” (clear, orderly progression of logical reasoning)I think therefore I am” (clear, orderly progression of logical reasoning)

Scientific RevolutionFrench philosopher and mathematician French philosopher and mathematician Rene Rene DescartesDescartes

• “I think, therefore I am” sums up what will be known as the Enlightenment Philosophy.

• __People must rely on their own reason to understand life and the natural order of things

• _Everything must be judged by asking what is humanly reasonable

Scientific RevolutionFrancis Bacon ( England)Francis Bacon ( England)

English. Had to prove theories through observed experimentsEnglish. Had to prove theories through observed experiments

Step by step process.Step by step process.

Robert Boyle (Ireland)Robert Boyle (Ireland)

Father of modern science of Chemistry (modern chemical Father of modern science of Chemistry (modern chemical analysis)analysis)

Individual elements vs. Chemical compoundsIndividual elements vs. Chemical compounds

Scientific Revolution

Where does all this new knowledge lead man?

Descartes took the opposite view depending on deductive reasoning to uncover truth. Work by all the scientists of the period especially Newton helped man see that the world was not a chaotic environment but could be understood with logic and reason. The preoccupation with witchcraft served as a polar opposite to this progress.