THE SCIENCE OF LIFE

Unit 1: Ch 1

WHAT IS BIOLOGY???• What is biology?

• What do biologists study???–Do they all study the same thing?

http://www.keweenawnow.com/news/audubon_03_02/images/janet_audubon1.jpg

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://armandfrasco.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/arp2c.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.moleskinerie.com/2006/06/tom_fricke_anth.html&usg=__y3iVJbR3BR8N5yP8icmuDdS5o-Y=&h=244&w=350&sz=55&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Be4yQaEwUETH2M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Danthropologist%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/files/2009/07/_dsc5137.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.panda.org/coral_triangle/2009/07/15/wwf-malaysia-in-kudat-banggi-priority-conservation-area/&usg=__OfUaJjyofRtWfvYf93uULaOQaBE=&h=300&w=450&sz=55&hl=en&start=71&zoom=1&tbnid=YaZI-rTFBfWZbM:&tbnh=162&tbnw=206&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Bbiologist%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D815%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C1834&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=114&vpy=393&dur=1311&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=150&ty=138&ei=IvB-TIaRJ4KClAel6KjtAw&oei=2e9-TMOBCsH98AaEkO3SAw&esq=6&page=4&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:71&biw=1259&bih=815

What is an organism?

http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/kingdom_2.jpg

LIVING VS. NON-LIVING•How do we know?

http://www.animationlibrary.com/animation/25626/Fire_burns/http://www.animationlibrary.com/animation/18709/Dolphin_in_frame/

1. __________• Organisms have 1 or

more cells– Cell = basic unit of life

• Atoms biosphere

•complete living thing carrying out all life processes

2. ___________________• Why is this so important?

Plants Responding to Light

3. _________________• Maintenance of a constant internal

environment.– Ex. body temperature

http://www.medimanage.com/my-worries/more-articles/do-you-sweat-excessively-here-are-the-solutions.aspx

http://images.ask.com/fr?q=shiver+cold&desturi=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacedaily.com%2Freports%2FResearchers_Reveal_The_Biology_Of_Shivering_999.html&initialURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ask.com%2Fpictures%3Fchn%3Dretail%26geo%3DUS%26l%3Ddis%26o%3D15527%26prt%3D360%26q%3Dshiver%2520cold%26qsrc%3D168%26ver%3D4&fm=i&ac=114&fsel=1&ftURI=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.ask.com%2Ffr%3Fq%3Dshiver%2Bcold%26desturi%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.spacedaily.com%252Freports%252FResearchers_Reveal_The_Biology_Of_Shivering_999.html%26imagesrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.spacedaily.com%252Fimages%252Fshiver-cold-person-bg.jpg%26thumbsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fimgtn4.ask.com%252Fts%253Ft%253D13063948936729781658%2526pid%253D23296%2526ppid%253D13%26o%3D15527%26l%3Ddis%26thumbuselocalisedstatic%3Dfalse%26fn%3Dshiver-cold-person-bg.jpg%26imagewidth%3D200%26imageheight%3D160%26fs%3D12%26ft%3Djpg%26f%3D2%26fm%3Di%26fsel%3D1%26ftbURI%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ask.com%252Fpictures%253Fq%253Dshiver%252Bcold%2526page%253D1%2526o%253D15527%2526l%253Ddis%2526pstart%253D0&qt=0

4. ____________________________• Both living & non-living things can grow….

– How is it different?• •

– How are growth & development distinct?

5. ________________

• “Like produces like…” – What does this mean?

• How is reproduction unique as a life function?

6. _____________________________• - characteristic that makes an

individual organism better able to survive in its environment.

• Over time, beneficial adaptations are “selected for” & the population or species …

• Individual organisms do not evolve!!!

• Explains the diversity of life.

• Pepper Moth “Game” http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf

• Principles of Natural Selection "Interactive"

• What is energy?

• Why is (chemical) energy needed?

7. __________________________

http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych466/CSW/growth-chart.jpghttp://www.irishcatholicdoctors.com/documents/images/CouplewithbabyWORD.jpg

http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20031112/a228_2194.running.jpg

• Where does the energy come from?1. ________________________________________

• ________________________________– __________________________ ___________ convert light

energy to chemical energy stored in glucose (sugar). » Plants, algae, some bacteria

– Summary equation for _______________________: light

6CO2 + 6H2O ------------------ C6H12O6 + 6O2

chlorophyll (glucose)

• _________________________________– requires no light– can occur at

extreme temp.

& press.» Some bacteria

(hydrothermal vents)

http://www.bigelow.org/foodweb/chemosynthesis.jpg

Where does the energy come from? (cont.)

2. _______________________________________• ___________________________ eat other organisms

– »

– »

• ______________ break

down dead plants &

animals & organic waste (poop)– Fungi & bacteria

» Help to ________ inorganic

raw materials that

organisms need

~ex. nitrogen cycle,

water cycle, etc, http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/land.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/&usg=__NEPfhL0AeB_5ttoD14Dfs_5DyFA=&h=250&w=275&sz=23&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=_3H5lXPqV9gj1M:&tbnh=164&tbnw=179&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dproducers%2Bconsumers%2Band%2Bdecomposers%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D815%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=265&ei=khl_TMjSIIH68AbopMBW&oei=khl_TMjSIIH68AbopMBW&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&tx=139&ty=91

• Consumers and producers extract energy from the chemical bonds in sugar through ________________ ______________________.– What is it used for?

• Summary equation for cellular respiration:

C6H12O6 + O2 -------- 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (as ATP) + heat

(glucose)

• In most ecosystems… _______=

ultimate source of energy.

• Energy is ___________________,

NOT _______________________– Usually released as heat

Where does the energy come from? (cont.)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_c6wsrQ9xmjg/SUFFm_sVr0I/AAAAAAAABXY/y8kNEUVFBQM/s400/cellular%2Brespiration.BMP&imgrefurl=http://biologyknights.blogspot.com/2008/12/power-point-cellular-respiration.html&usg=__F-qqQmU4ULZR85JYCIABrTQc4dQ=&h=242&w=400&sz=29&hl=en&start=96&zoom=1&tbnid=gbldG9PwDdEDgM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=199&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcellular%2Brespiration%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D815%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C2954&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=416&vpy=471&dur=827&hovh=175&hovw=289&tx=94&ty=138&ei=9x5_TNCVDMP_lgeW9bQG&oei=uR5_TICXI4O88gbYnqVw&esq=6&page=5&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:20,s:96&biw=1259&bih=815

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8490-understanding-cells-the-characteristics-of-life-video.htm

Energy Flow: Food Chains

• Does energy only flow through individual organisms?– Community

• Food chains

http://www.nisd.net/burke/technology/foodchains/images/food_chain.jpg

***Arrow always points toward organism taking in the energy & away from the organism “giving up” the energy.***

Where do almost all communities

get their energy?

http://www.cnr.vt.edu/forsite/owlpellet/josh/PICTS/foodchain.jpg

First trophic level

Second trophic level

Fourth trophic level

Third trophic level

Fifth trophic level

Energy Flow: Food Chains

Energy Flow: Food Webs

http://usr-lazio.artov.rm.cnr.it/darwin2007/presentazioni/Modulo14_file/slide0242_image272.jpg

A Connecticut Food Web

• 10% Rule of Ecological Efficiency

• Nutrients are recycled

• Energy is not.

Energy Flow: Energy Pyramidshttp://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/deciduous/decfor/dec-py.gif

Toxins & Food Chains• Bioaccumulation

– Individual

• Biomagnification– As go up food chain

• Examples:– Pesticides

• DDT

– Metals• Mercury, lead

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ec/m3/s4/assets/images/ecm3s4_1.jpg

1. Green plants are food for ___?

2. Grasshoppers eat ___?

3. Marsh hawks feed on ___?

4. Snails feed on ___?

5. Hawks are not producers or decomposers, so they must be ___?

6. Mice are food for __________?

7. Sparrows are food for _____?

8. Fungi and bacteria are ___?

9. Dead matter is food for ______ and _____?

What chain is most efficient? Why?

Quick Review of Chapter 11. What life process is shown here?

Answer: Development

2. The rings of a tree indicate what life process?

Answer: Growth

3. What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer: light

6CO2 + 6H2O -------- C6H12O6 + 6O2

chlorophyll

Review Question Cont….4. What role does this organism play

in the community?

Answer: Decomposer that recycles nutrients back to plants

5. True or False: Only consumers undergo cellular respiration?

Answer: FALSE

6. True or False: Energy used for life processes is lost in a community and therefore not be recycled

Answer: TRUE !!!!!!!!