the science of ecology. introduction to ecology what is ecology? -greek oikos = the home or...
TRANSCRIPT
The Science of Ecology
Introduction to Ecology
What is ecology?
-Greek Oikos = the home or household
-ology = study of
-The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms in relation to their environment
-Focus is on interactions
Hierarchical organisation of ecological systems
-Organism - a unique individual
-Population - group of potentially interbreeding individuals (i.e., species)
-Community - all populations within an ecosystem (i.e., multiple species)
-Ecosystem - community + physical environment
-Biosphere - ecosystems of the Earth
Galaxies
Solar system
Earth
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms
Scale
Ecosystem
ecology
Community ecology
Population ecologyBehavioral ecologyCELL
BIOLOGY
ECOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
BIOCHEMISTRY
Four ecological subdisciplines
• Behavioural Ecology• How does behaviour contribute to survivorship,
reproduction and population growth?
• Population Ecology• What controls the abundance of a species?• How do populations grow?• What are the controls on population growth rate?
• Community Ecology
• Interactions among organisms with and across environments
• Biodiversity on earth
• Preservation of species-rich areas
• Linkages between species richness and community and ecosystem function
• Ecosystem Ecology• Passage of energy and nutrients through communities• Effects of energy and nutrients on communities• Human alterations of global nutrient cycles
Ecology is an integrative/ interdisciplinary science
-Understanding of the biological (biotic) and physical (abiotic) sciences
-Closely tied to genetics and evolution
-Includes the role of humans in their environment (= global change)