1The School of Health SciencesThe School of Health SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Sains Malaysia

Lecture 2: ICT in Lecture 2: ICT in Health Care Health Care

OrganizationOrganization

Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohamad

sharifah@kck.usm.my

Ext.: 3823

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Lecture 2: Objectives

1. Explain the various functions and levels within health care organization (HCO)

2. Identify the specific types of data and information at the different levels

3. Describe the role played by the six types of information systems applicable to HCO

4. Discuss the ICT planning in HCO

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Functional Departments in HCOAdministration

FinanceMedical Social SupportHuman ResourceNutrition & DieteticSecurityEngineering

ClinicalClinical SupportMedical Record Medical & SurgeryLaboratory

PharmaceuticalIn & Out PatientLab. ServicesProcurement

UnitsInformation System Public Relation Quality & Productivity Corporate Development

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Organization Levels

Strategic Level

Management Level

Knowledge Level

Operational Level

Senior Managers

Middle Managers

Knowledge and Data Workers

Operational Managers

ICT Hardware Software Storage Network Telecommunication

Administration Clinical Pharmaceutical UnitsFunctional

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Executive Support System (ESS)

Management Information System (MIS)Decision Support System (DSS)

Knowledge Work System (KWS)Office Automation System (OAS)

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Types of Information Systems

ICT Hardware Software Storage Network Telecommunication

Administration Clinical Pharmaceutical UnitsFunctional

Strategic Level

Management Level

Knowledge Level

Operational Level

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Transaction Processing System (TPS).

Information system that performs and

records the daily routine

transactions necessary to

conduct business

Generate database for other

information system

Examples:

1. Patient Registration System2. Pharmacy Information System3. Lab Information System

A collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so that they appear to be in one location.

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Examples: TPS

Patient Registration System

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Examples: TPS

Laboratory Information System

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Knowledge Work System (KWS)

Computerized system that aids knowledge workers in creation

and integration of new knowledge in the

organization

Example: Linear Accelerator Workstation Used by nuclear medicine specialist to diagnose and report recorded image

People such as scientists, doctors and radiologist who design products or services or create new knowledge for the organization

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Office Automation System (OAS)

Computerized system that is

designed to increase the productivity of

data workers in the office

Examples: word processing, electronic mail, desk top publishing and scheduling system

People such as secretaries or clerks who primarily process and disseminate the organization’s paperwork

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Management Information System (MIS)

Information system at the management level of an organization that serves

the functions of planning, controlling, and decision

making by providing routine summary and

exception report.

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Decision Support System (DSS)

Information system at the management level of an organization that

combines data and sophisticated analytical

models to support semi-structured and

unstructured decision making

Decisions where only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure.

Nonroutine decisions in which decision maker must provide judgment, evaluation, and insights into the problem definitions.

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Executive Support System (ESS)

Information system at the strategic level of an organization designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications.

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Integrated Delivery System for HCO

1. The ability to combine a variety of data sources into an integrated data warehouse with distributed databases

2. The ability to interrelate applications with linkages through various organizational databases

3. The ability to share and transfer data among affiliated providers and organizations

4. The ability to accommodate different providers’ action with a range of medical data required for various phases of a patient treatment

5. The option to shift data and communicate effectively among provider organizations as the need arises

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Applications for HCO Integrated Delivery System

Electronic Patient Record (EPR)

Enterprise Management & Communication Network

•Strategic Enterprise Management•Data warehousing•Enterprise communication

Patient Management•Patient administration•Patient accounting & billing•Patient scheduling•Patient service management•Marketing & health promotion

Diagnostic & Therapy•Diagnostic support & ancillary•Clinical order management•Medical & clinical documentation•Treatment & operation•Research & Education

Support services•Biomedical technology•Human resource management•Dietetic & facility •Equipment maintenance•Hygiene services

Care Management•Care planning•Clinical care•Care documentation•After-care management

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Hospital

Selayang

Example: THIS

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ICT Planning

ICT Strategic Planning

ICT Strategic Planning

Analysis of Functional Department

Analysis of Functional Department

Project PlanningProject Planning

Resources AllocationResources Allocation

ICT strategy related to organization’s mission and vision

LEVELLEVEL RESULTRESULT

Documentation of ICT requirement within functional department

Identify potential ICT projects, define scope, benefits and constrain.

Implement project based on priority and provide enough allocation

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System Development Life

Cycle (SDLC)

PlanningFeasibility Study

PlanningFeasibility Study

AnalysisDefine user requirements

Study existing systemLogical design

AnalysisDefine user requirements

Study existing systemLogical design

DesignPhysical design

DesignPhysical design

ImplementationCoding, testing, debuggingInstallation, customization

ImplementationCoding, testing, debuggingInstallation, customization

Maintenance Evaluation and enhancement

Routine maintenance

Maintenance Evaluation and enhancement

Routine maintenance

SDLC

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Homework – self exploration

1. Conduct a Web search for clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Browse several of the hits and make a list of the areas in which technology is available for clinical decision-making. What areas seem to be most commonly associated with CDSS? Additionally, select a vendor who offers a demonstration of their clinical decision-making product.

2. Conduct a Web search for health care data sets. Select several sites that offer access to large data sets. What are the requirements to access the data sets? What data elements are available? How do the data owners manage the issues of the privacy and confidentiality of health care data sets?

3. Read the article titled “Why Health Care Information Systems Succeed or Fail” by RICHARD HEEKS, DAVID. MUNDY & ANGEL SALAZAR. June 1999. Available atunpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015482.pdf

Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohamad PPSKesihatan, USM, 2007

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[1] Laudon & laudon. Management Information Systems. Prentice Hall, 2005.

[2] Tan, JKH. Health Management Information Systems. Aspen, 2001.

References