the romans. the geography of rome italy in 750 bce
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The RomansThe Romans
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The Geography of RomeThe Geography of RomeThe Geography of RomeThe Geography of Rome
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Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE
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Influence of the EtruscansInfluence of the EtruscansInfluence of the EtruscansInfluence of the Etruscans
§ WritingWriting§ ReligionReligion§ The ArchThe Arch
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The Mythical Founding of The Mythical Founding of Rome:Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding of The Mythical Founding of Rome:Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
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Republican GovernmentRepublican GovernmentRepublican GovernmentRepublican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEThe Twelve Tables, 450 BCEThe Twelve Tables, 450 BCEThe Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
§ Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
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The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
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Rome’s Early Road SystemRome’s Early Road SystemRome’s Early Road SystemRome’s Early Road System
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Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
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Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
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The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum
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The Colosseum InteriorThe Colosseum InteriorThe Colosseum InteriorThe Colosseum Interior
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Circus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus Maximus
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Carthaginian EmpireCarthaginian EmpireCarthaginian EmpireCarthaginian Empire
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Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route
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Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders§ Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer§ Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.
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PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey
Civil War & DictatorsCivil War & DictatorsCivil War & DictatorsCivil War & Dictators
Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar
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The First TriumvirateThe First TriumvirateThe First TriumvirateThe First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BCCrossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
No Turning BackNo Turning BackNo Turning BackNo Turning Back
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Beware the Ides of March!Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE44 BCE
Beware the Ides of March!Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE44 BCE
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The Second TriumvirateThe Second TriumvirateThe Second TriumvirateThe Second Triumvirate
§ Octavian Augustus
§ Marc Antony
§ Marcus Lepidus
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Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First EmperorOctavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First Emperor
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Pax RomanaPax Romana: :
27 BCE – 180 CE27 BCE – 180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: :
27 BCE – 180 CE27 BCE – 180 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CERoman Empire – 14 CE
The Greatest Extent of the The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CERoman Empire – 14 CE
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Julio-Claudians (members of Caesar’s family): Tiberius: able leader; accused people of
treason Caligula: became mentally ill; killed by a
guard Claudius: renowned scholar; difficulty
focusing Nero: cruel and “insane”; persecuted the
early “Christians”; sentenced to death for treason
Good Emperors (administrative skills): Trajan: increased the size of the Empire Hadrian: strengthened the frontier Antonius Pious: maintained prosperity Marcus Aurelius: “the philosopher ruler”;
brought the empire to its height of prosperity
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Imperial Rule: Augustus improved the working or
the empire; kept the Senate “uninvolved”
Augustus appointed himself Pontifex Maximus
The Law: jus gentium: law that dealt with
noncitizens jus civile: law that dealt with citizens Formed the basis for Church and
Western law An Imperial Army:
Standing army was reduced in size due to peace
A.D. 160s – invasions by outsiders become a problem
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The Economy: Artisans made commodities that
were sold throughout the empire Traded commodities for “luxury”
goodsEducational
Advances/Accomplishments Galen:▪ Formed the basis of Roman medical science
which influenced medicine for the next 1400 years
Ptolemy:▪ Egyptian astronomer whose work later
allowed others to predict the planets’ motions
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Christianity was practiced in the Med. region Jews were oppressed under Roman rule Hoped for a “messiah” to deliver them
Jesus of Nazareth (ministry = A.D. 30-33) Preached that God was loving/forgiving to
all Controversy troubled Roman and Jewish
officials Pontius Pilate sentenced him to
crucifixion ▪ Believed that Jesus’ teachings would die with him
A.D. 100 – Gospel preached in all of Roman Empire▪ Jews and Gentiles both began to est. churches
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Two Main Disciples Peter: primarily ministered to the Jews▪ Believed that he founded the church in
Rome▪ Crucified upside down
Paul: primarily ministered to Gentiles▪ Was once a persecutor of “Christians”▪ Nero had him beheaded
Persecution of Early Christians Taught that their religion was the only way Were accused of treason (did not honor
emperor) Often were killed as martyrs (in the
Colosseum) Christianity was mainly practiced in the
cities
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A.D. 312 – Constantine led his army into battle under the sign of the “flaming cross”
A.D. 313 – Edict of Milan Allowed for freedom of religious worship
A.D. 325 Council of Nicaea Decided on official doctrine/teachings Jesus had both human and godly qualities
A.D. 392 – Theodosius I made Christianity the official religion of the empire Banned old Hellenistic and Roman
religions
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Needed clearly stated, unified teachings in order to prosper (Council of Nicaea)
Augustine – City of God and Confessions Church Structure (hierarchy)
Priests, Bishops, Patriarchs 400s: the Bishop of Rome claimed authority
over all of the other bishops Greek churches did not recognize his auth. The Great Schism: a large split in the
church▪ Latin (Western) churches became Roman
Catholic▪ Greek (Eastern) churches became Eastern
Orthodox
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The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the GentilesApostle to the Gentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the GentilesApostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of Christianity
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Settled on Basic Doctrine Jesus had both human and
godly Charcteristics
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CETwo: 294 CE
Diocletian Splits the Empire in Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CETwo: 294 CE
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Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337
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Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” Rome” (Founded in 330)(Founded in 330)
Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” Rome” (Founded in 330)(Founded in 330)
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Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5cBarbarian Invasions: 4c-5cBarbarian Invasions: 4c-5cBarbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
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Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”“The Scourge of God”
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”“The Scourge of God”
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Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman EmpireThe Eastern Roman Empire
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman EmpireThe Eastern Roman Empire
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The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of JustinianDuring the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of JustinianDuring the Reign of Justinian
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The Byzantine Emperor The Byzantine Emperor JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine Emperor The Byzantine Emperor JustinianJustinian
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The Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of Rome§ Republic GovernmentRepublic Government§ Roman LawRoman Law§ Latin LanguageLatin Language§ Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church§ City PlanningCity Planning§ Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural
StyleStyle§ Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch