the roman empire
DESCRIPTION
The Roman Empire. 218 BCE. The Roman Empire. 350 CE. trabeated construction. limited span due to stones poor tensile strength requires a considerable amount of vertical structure. The Aqueducts at Nimes, France. 1:3000. arch is the basic module for Roman arcuated construction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Roman Empire
218 BCE
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350 CE
The Roman Empire
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trabeated construction
•limited span due to stones poor tensile strength
•requires a considerable amount of vertical structure
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The Aqueducts at Nimes, France
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1:3000
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arch is the basic module for Roman arcuated construction
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arch works by exploiting the stone’s compressive strength
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…an arch thrown down a straight axis
groin vault: a perpendicular intersection of 2 barrel vaults
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a dome is an arch spun on
a central vertical axis
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Pantheon
Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
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Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE—“Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, Consul for the third time, built this”
third iteration—originally built as a temple to all the Gods
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Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125
CE
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Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CEheight to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle
are the same, 43.3 meters (142 ft)
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do you remember what these are called?
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coffered ceilingcoffers were poured in molds,
probably on the temporary scaffolding
oculus admits only light
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marble comes from Egypt, Numidia, Asia minor, & Gaul—shows span of Roman Empire
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350 CE
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•cobbled roadway •constructed more than 2200 years ago •primary route from Rome to Greece—transport of goods
Appian Way
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Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
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Pantheon, aedicule, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
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Pilaster Column
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IBM Tower
Philip Johnson
1987
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PilasterColumn
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Baths of Caracalla
Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
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could hold an
estimated 1,600
bathers
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A-Calidarium B-Nymphaeum C-Great Hall D-Frigidarium (Swimming Pool) E-Courts
G-Palaestra H-Lecture Halls I-Vestibules L-Dressing Rooms N-Steam Baths
Q-Lounges S-Gymnasia T-Study Rooms V-Nymphaea
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Gymnasium
Massage
Calidarium (Hot)
Tepidarium (Warm)
Frigidarium (Cold)
Natatio (Pool)
Sequence of Spaces
Dressing Rooms
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section cut of Baths of Caracalla
•more a leisure centre than just a series of baths•second to have a public library within the complex
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Interior of Baths of
Caracalla
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Basilica Ulpia
Rome, Trajan, 100-125 CE
reconstruction drawing of the Forum of Trajan shows: (1)the triumphal arch at the entrance(2)statue of the emperor on horseback (3)hemicycles(4)Basilica Ulpia (a law court)
(5) two libraries(6) Trajan's Column(7) his temple
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Basilica Ulpia
large roofed hall erected for
transacting business and disposing of legal
matters—
largest and most lavish in Rome and would have been
regarded as a model of its type
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"The Basilica Ulpia may not have been a building of any profound architectural originality. But there are few monuments of antiquity
that enjoyed a greater and more enduring prestige, or that did more to shape the subsequent course of architectural history."
Ward-Perkins, Roman Imperial Architecture
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•usually contained interior colonnades that divided space•giving aisles or arcaded spaces at one or both sides •with an apse at one end (or less often at each end) where the magistrates sat, often on a slightly raised dais
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Interior
central aisle tended to be wide and was higher than the flanking aisles, so light could penetrate through the clerestory
windows
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Domus Aurea
Nero’s Golden House,
Tivoli, 64-80 CE
The main dining room was a rotunda, which revolved slowly, day and night, like the vault of heaven itself.
There were baths with a lavish supply of both sea-water and sulphur water.
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Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, 64-80 CE
When the palace was completed on this sumptuous scale, Nero’s approval as he dedicated it was confined to the remark ‘At last I can begin to live like a human being’
(Suetonius, Nero 31)
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Jack Arch
Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, Severus and Celer, 64-80 CE
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Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, Severus and Celer, 64-80 CE
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Hadrian’s VillaTivoli, 118-133 CE•complex of over 30 buildings •included palaces, several thermae, theatre, temples, libraries, state rooms and quarters for courtiers, praetorians and slaves
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Canopus & Serapeum Maritime Villa
Site Plan of Hadrian’s Villaretreat from Rome for Roman Emperor Hadrian in the early 2nd
century
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canopus (pool)
Serapeum (grotto)
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Hadrian’s Villa, Canopus, Tivoli, 118-133 CE
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evidence of the expanse of the Roman Empire
Greek Caryatid
Egyptian Alligator
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cryptoporticus
covered corridor or passageway–
extensive network of
underground tunnels
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Mosaic: Landscape with lion, boars, deer c. 124
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Mosaic: Nile scene c. 124
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Island Villa
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Hadrian’s Villa, Island Villa, Tivoli, 118-133 CEprobably used by emperor as a retreat from the busy life at the court
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Hadrian’s Villa, Island Villa, Tivoli, 118-133 CE
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curved barrel vault
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evidence of previous
destruction
79 CE
Vesuvius erupts!
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Pompeian Forum and surroundin
g area
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Pompeii discovered in 1738
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Pompeian Store Fronts often mask the residential environment
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symbols = type of store
goat = dairy
grapes = wine
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House (Domus)
Pompeii, before 79 AD
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House (Domus) Plan, Pompeii, before 79 AD
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vestibulum or fauces (throat)
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polylithic construction
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entry mosaic in the House of the Vetii
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atrium
•large airy room
•lighted by an opening in the roof
•the formal room where guests were received and clients assembled to wait for their customary morning visits to their patron
•also a room for family occasions
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colored panels, graceful patterns,
mythological motifs
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cupids playing hide and seek
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tablinum•open on two sides
• family records were stored
• elite families would display the imagines—busts of famous ancestors
• master of the house, the paterfamilias, would greet his many clients on their morning visits
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folding doorslattice style wooden door
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chest of family
finances
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tabernae or shops
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Lekthos w/ fulcra, Cubiculum,100-300 CE
•on the upper story
•in the interior of the house
•often functioned as bedrooms
•small rooms off the atrium used for private meetings, libraries, etc.
Cubiculum
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Etruscan Sarcophagus, 650-80 BCE
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culina
braziers
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House (Domus) Plan w/ Peristyle Garden,
Pompeii, before 79 CE
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House of the Vetii
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view into the Peristyle Garden
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House (Domus) - Peristyle Garden, Pompeii, before 79 AD
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Larariumaltar for the
Household gods (lares)
aedicule
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House of the Faun
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frescoes, Pompeii, before 79 CE
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painting of a fresco from
Pompeii
illusions of depth
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fanciful architecture & attenuated
columns
painting of a fresco from
Pompeii
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illusions of nature
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fish pond
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triadic color scheme: red, yellow, blue
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frieze
body
dado
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Roman Domestic Furniture
100-300 AD
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cathedra, 100-300 CE
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Stone Tables, 100-300 CE
trestle leg
monopdia
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lamps, 100-300 CE
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curule, 100-300 CE
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floor patterns: denote wealth
tesserae: individual mosaic tiles
border
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illusion patterns, House of the Faun
geometry
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