The Roles of the The Roles of the PresidentPresident

Name that President…

1. He was the oldest man elected president.2. He was the fattest man ever to be elected president.3. He was the first president born in the 20th century.4. He was president when U.S. hostages were taken in

Iran.5. He is the only president to resign his office.6. They (three total former presidents) died on July 4th…

name at least one.7. He desegregated the military.8. He was the only divorced president.

1. Ronald Reagan1. Ronald Reagan

2. William Howard Taft2. William Howard Taft

3. Kennedy3. Kennedy

4. Carter4. Carter

5. Nixon5. Nixon

6. Adams, Jefferson, or 6. Adams, Jefferson, or MadisonMadison

7. Truman7. Truman

8. Reagan8. Reagan

PRESIDENTIALPOWERS

EXECUTIVEOFFICES

PRESIDENTIALSUCCESSION

QUALIFICATIONS

VICE PRESIDENTSDUTIES

Created by Article II of the Constitution

EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Described in Article Described in Article IIII

President/Vice President/Vice PresidentPresident

Federal Federal BureaucracyBureaucracy

U.S. PRESIDENTU.S. PRESIDENT

One of the most powerful elective One of the most powerful elective offices in world todayoffices in world today

Serves as head of Executive BranchServes as head of Executive Branch ENFORCES & ADMINISTERS LAWSENFORCES & ADMINISTERS LAWS Created by delegates to Created by delegates to

Constitutional Convention as a Constitutional Convention as a compromisecompromise

ROLES OF THE PRESIDENTROLES OF THE PRESIDENT

Roles of the presidentRoles of the president Chief of stateChief of state Chief DiplomatChief Diplomat Commander in Commander in

ChiefChief

Chief ExecutiveChief Executive Chief Chief

AdministratorAdministrator

Chief LegislatorChief Legislator Chief CitizenChief Citizen

CHIEF OF STATE

This role of the President states that the President is the head of the national government.

1. Chief of State1. Chief of State

Acts as example for and symbol of Acts as example for and symbol of the United Statesthe United States

Represents America at special Represents America at special occasions and ceremonies.occasions and ceremonies.

Kings and Queens are heads of state.Kings and Queens are heads of state. Awarding medals and speechmaking Awarding medals and speechmaking

are examples of this role.are examples of this role.

2. CHIEF EXECUTIVE2. CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Carries out and Carries out and enforces laws of the enforces laws of the U.S.U.S.

Administers Government Administers Government programsprograms

Supervises government Supervises government employeesemployees

Names top-ranking Names top-ranking officersofficers

Grants reprieves, pardons Grants reprieves, pardons and amnestyand amnesty

CHIEF EXECUTIVECHIEF EXECUTIVE

This role of the President allows him to ensure that the laws of the nation are carried out fairly.

2. Chief Executive2. Chief Executive Acts as boss of federal government Acts as boss of federal government

workers in 14 executive departments.workers in 14 executive departments. These departments help the President These departments help the President

carry out, enforce, or execute the carry out, enforce, or execute the law.law.

The president chooses cabinet The president chooses cabinet members to advise and assist him.members to advise and assist him.

Ex: Holding cabinet meetings and Ex: Holding cabinet meetings and appointing federal officials.appointing federal officials.

2. The Chief Executive2. The Chief Executive

The Offices of the Executive Branch are found in the White The Offices of the Executive Branch are found in the White House and other federal buildings in Washington D.C.House and other federal buildings in Washington D.C.

YESTERDAY• Presidents were meant to be weak

• But America expects EVERYTHING of them

• Presidents are popular when acting as Comm-in-Chief

• Presidents are popular during campaigns

So what do we want the

president to do??

•Protect citizens from terrorist attacks

•Provide citizens with the skills and knowledge necessary to earn employment

•Provide citizens with the money necessary to earn a post HS education

•Provide citizens with a stable and consistent income

•Provide citizens with moral support during difficult times

•Keep citizens employed

•Provide citizens with the insurance necessary to cover your health care needs

•Provide a police force to protect communities

•Provide healthy and nutritious food for citizens

•Provide citizens with the maturity and patience to forge stable relationships with family and loved ones

•Provide a fair and reasonable work environment

•Protect citizens from people who text message while driving

Oath of OfficeOath of Office

Ordinance PowerOrdinance Power

Constitutional AuthorityNot mentioned but intended

Executive OrdersDirective by Pres that has effect of

lawExamples:

Obama Executive OrdersObama Executive OrdersDay 1

Appointing PowerAppointing Power

11 AmbassadorsAmbassadors

22 Cabinet MembersCabinet Members

33 Heads of Agencies (EPA)Heads of Agencies (EPA)

44 Federal JudgesFederal Judges

55 Military OfficersMilitary Officers

Removal PowerRemoval PowerConstitutional Authority

Assumed/1st Congress/Johnson

Meyers v. United States

Who did America turn to, to fix the economy?

• People

• Government

• Businesses or Corporations

Who did New Orleans turn to, to rebuild the city after

Hurricane Katrina?

• People

• Government

• Corporations

• Military

3. Chief Administrator3. Chief Administrator

President is head of huge President is head of huge administration!administration!

Manage the fifteen executive depots Manage the fifteen executive depots and federal agenciesand federal agencies– Ex: NASAEx: NASA– Think about how many employees that Think about how many employees that

involves! involves! Help carry out those policiesHelp carry out those policies

4. CHIEF DIPLOMAT4. CHIEF DIPLOMAT

Directs Foreign Directs Foreign PolicyPolicy

U. S. U. S. Representative in Representative in relations with other relations with other nationsnations

Writes treaties, Writes treaties, grants recognition grants recognition to new to new governmentsgovernments

4. Chief Diplomat4. Chief Diplomat

Conducts foreign policy by directing Conducts foreign policy by directing the actions of American ambassadors.the actions of American ambassadors.

Signs treaties and trade agreements Signs treaties and trade agreements with leaders of other nations.with leaders of other nations.

Com

man

der-

in-C

hief

In charge of US Armed In charge of US Armed Forces.Forces.

Decides where armed Decides where armed forces are to be stationed forces are to be stationed and weapons to be used.and weapons to be used.

Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense under President.under President.

5. Commander-In-Chief5. Commander-In-Chief

What do you think Mr. What do you think Mr. President ? Send in the President ? Send in the

Seals?Seals?

I'm glad that went well

Once upon a time . . .

• BOB Lied• Billy and his Friends told BOB

not to Lie, and BOB said he wouldn’t

• BOB Lied again• Billy and his Friends knew BOB

was Lying• BOB Lied again, kept Lying and

refused to tell the truth

• Billy and his Friends made a pact to take action if BOB Lied again, Billy’s Family agreed

• BOB Lied again• Billy reminded his Friends and

Family they must now take action against Lying BOB

• Billy’s Friends said they really didn’t want to take action against Lying BOB

• Billy’s Family said Billy should follow thru even without his friends

• Billy then took action against Lying BOB• BOB claimed Billy’s action was unfair• Billy’s action didn’t go well• Billy’s Friends then criticized and blamed

Billy for making things worse for BOB• Billy’s Family is upset he has

embarrassed them

THE ENDTHE END

• Now everyone (BOB, Billy’s former Friends, Billy’s Family) hates Billy

• Billy is sad and wants to cry

In the story, who was right?

• BOB

• Billy

• Friends

• Family

Military/ Diplomatic PowersMilitary/ Diplomatic Powers

TreatiesTreaties

Pres negotiates with Sec of StateSenate Approval – 2/3 voteEffect of LAWLAW

Examples:Examples:

Treaty of Versailles – League of Nations

Kyoto Treaty (98-0)

Executive Agreements – Between Pres and other leader

Making WarMaking WarUnlimited power over military

Hundreds of examples:Korea, Vietnam, Bosnia,

Afghanistan, Iraq

Provisions of theProvisions of the

War Powers ActWar Powers Act

A. Report to Congress in 48 hrs

B. 60 + 30 + War or STOP

C. Congress can STOP anytime

PurposePurpose of War Powersof War Powers

Restrict and Limit the President in war making power

The The Bush Bush

DoctrineDoctrine

Pre-Emptive StrikePre-Emptive Strike

““Either You are With Either You are With Us or You are With Us or You are With

the Terroriststhe Terrorists””

Who is to Blame for Who is to Blame for the War in Iraq?the War in Iraq?

•Saddam

•Bush

•The UN

•Congress

6. Chief Legislator6. Chief Legislator

Congress has the power to make laws.Congress has the power to make laws. President can propose bills and must President can propose bills and must

sign bills into law.sign bills into law. He often calls members of Congress He often calls members of Congress

to lobby for his agenda.to lobby for his agenda. Presents his agenda to Congress in Presents his agenda to Congress in

the annual the annual State of the UnionState of the Union address. address.

6. Chief Legislator6. Chief Legislator

President Reagan before a joint-President Reagan before a joint-session of Congress.session of Congress.

Chief of Party

7. Chief of the Party7. Chief of the Party

Presidents help members of their Presidents help members of their party get elected or appointed to party get elected or appointed to office.office.

They make campaign speeches They make campaign speeches needed for re-election.needed for re-election.

Head of fund-raising for the party.Head of fund-raising for the party.

Chief Citizen

Do you think the president has a responsibility to be the Moral

Leader ?1) divorced2)religion

3)morals as a youth

8. Chief Citizen8. Chief Citizen

Represent the peopleRepresent the people Work for the public interest Work for the public interest ““The presidency is not merely an The presidency is not merely an

administrative office. That is the administrative office. That is the least of it. It is preeminently a least of it. It is preeminently a place of moral leadership.” – place of moral leadership.” – Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt

Pres. Bush

• http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/2001-wbush.html

• http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/executive_orders.php?year=2001&Submit=DISPLAY

The PresidencyThe Presidency

Why do you think it is the most Why do you think it is the most visible part of the American visible part of the American political system?political system?

Does the President really serve the Does the President really serve the needs of the American people?needs of the American people?

How does the office of the How does the office of the Presidency actually help the Presidency actually help the American people?American people?

COMPENSATION:COMPENSATION: $400,000 PER YEAR $400,000 PER YEAR

SALARY *FIXED BY SALARY *FIXED BY CONGRESS,CONGRESS,BUT CANNOT BE BUT CANNOT BE INCREASED NOR INCREASED NOR DECREASED DURING A DECREASED DURING A TERMTERM

LIVE IN WHITE HOUSE LIVE IN WHITE HOUSE (132 ROOMS) WITH STAFF(132 ROOMS) WITH STAFF

$50,000 EXPENSE $50,000 EXPENSE ACCOUNT (TAXABLE)ACCOUNT (TAXABLE)

SUITE OF OFFICES WITH SUITE OF OFFICES WITH STAFFSTAFF

YACHTYACHT FLEET OF AUTOMOBILESFLEET OF AUTOMOBILES AIR FORCE ONEAIR FORCE ONE CAMP DAVID – RESORT CAMP DAVID – RESORT

HIDEAWAYHIDEAWAY FINEST MEDICAL, FINEST MEDICAL,

DENTAL, AND HEALTH DENTAL, AND HEALTH CARECARE

PROTECTION FROM PROTECTION FROM SECRET SERVICESECRET SERVICE

LIFETIME PENSION OF LIFETIME PENSION OF $143,800 PER YEAR$143,800 PER YEAR

PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL WIDOW RECEIVES WIDOW RECEIVES PENSION OF $20,000 PENSION OF $20,000 PER YEARPER YEAR

TRAVEL AND TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINMENT ENTERTAINMENT FUNDSFUNDS

TOTAL COST TOTAL COST TO RUN VAST OPERATIONS OF TO RUN VAST OPERATIONS OF WHITEHOUSE INCLUDING WHITEHOUSE INCLUDING SALARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE, SALARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE, DOMESTIC AND SECURITY STAFF DOMESTIC AND SECURITY STAFF AND EXPENSES FOR SUPPLIES….AND EXPENSES FOR SUPPLIES….

38.9 MILLION DOLLARS38.9 MILLION DOLLARS–PLUSPLUS

$9.5 MILLION TO $9.5 MILLION TO MAINTAIN WHITE MAINTAIN WHITE HOUSEHOUSE

VICE PRESIDENTVICE PRESIDENT

DUTIES: PRESIDE OVER SENATE –DUTIES: PRESIDE OVER SENATE –ONLY DUTY SPECIFIED IN ONLY DUTY SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

HELP DECIDE IF PRES. IS DISABLED AND HELP DECIDE IF PRES. IS DISABLED AND ASSUME OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IF ASSUME OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IF NECESSARYNECESSARY

VICE PRESIDENTIAL DUTIESBY CONSTITUTION THE VICE PRESIDENT HAS

ONLY TWO FORMAL DUTIES:

1. PRESIDE OVER THE SENATE

2. HELP DECIDE THE QUESTION OF PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY

3. PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY IS WHEN THE PRESIDENT IS UNABLE TO CARRY OUT HIS DUTIES

THE ONLY OTHER ASSUMED PURPOSE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT IS TO BE A PRESIDENT IN WAITING.

Vice President Joseph Biden

Should they be (well Should they be (well qualified) to be the qualified) to be the

president ?president ?

CHOSEN TO HELP PRESIDENT WIN CHOSEN TO HELP PRESIDENT WIN THE ELECTION – “BALANCE THE THE ELECTION – “BALANCE THE TICKET”TICKET”

ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITIES AS ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE PRESIDENT SEES FITTHE PRESIDENT SEES FIT

ONLY EXECUTIVE OFFICE THAT ONLY EXECUTIVE OFFICE THAT CANNOT BE FIRED BY THE CANNOT BE FIRED BY THE PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

Vice President Joseph Vice President Joseph BidenBiden

QUALIFICATIONS FOR V. P.QUALIFICATIONS FOR V. P.

SAME AS PRESIDENTSAME AS PRESIDENT SALARY: $192,600SALARY: $192,600

– OTHER COMPENSATION:OTHER COMPENSATION: $10,000 EXPENSE ACCOUNT$10,000 EXPENSE ACCOUNT LIVE IN HOUSE AT NAVAL OBSERVATORYLIVE IN HOUSE AT NAVAL OBSERVATORY ACCESS TO AIR FORCE TWOACCESS TO AIR FORCE TWO LIMOSINE SERVICELIMOSINE SERVICE SECRET SERVICE PROTECTIONSECRET SERVICE PROTECTION

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSIONIS THE ORDER IN WHICH INFERIOR OFFICERS CAN BE

PROMOTED TO THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IN CASE OF A VACANCY. THE CURRENT SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED BY

THE 25TH AMENDMENT AND CURRENTLY HAS 18 POSITIONS. HERE ARE THE FIRST 10.

1 VICE PRESIDENT 6 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

2 SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE 7 ATTORNEY GENERAL

3PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

8SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

4 SECRETARY OF STATE 9SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

5SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY

10SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION & VICE PRESIDENCY& VICE PRESIDENCY

2525THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENT– PROVIDES FOR SUCCESSIONPROVIDES FOR SUCCESSION– VICE PRESIDENTVICE PRESIDENT– SPEAKER OF HOUSESPEAKER OF HOUSE– PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF SENATEPRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF SENATE– SECRETARY OF STATESECRETARY OF STATE– EACH OF THE OTHER HEADS OF THE EACH OF THE OTHER HEADS OF THE

CABINET DEPARTMENTS IN ORDER OF CABINET DEPARTMENTS IN ORDER OF PRECEDENCEPRECEDENCE

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

COMPLEX OF SEVERAL SEPARATE COMPLEX OF SEVERAL SEPARATE AGENCIES STAFFED BY THE AGENCIES STAFFED BY THE PRESIDENT’S MOST TRUSTED PRESIDENT’S MOST TRUSTED ADVISERS AND ASSISTANTSADVISERS AND ASSISTANTS

WHITE HOUSE OFFICEWHITE HOUSE OFFICE

KEY PERSONAL AND POLITICAL KEY PERSONAL AND POLITICAL STAFFSTAFF– CHIEF OF STAFFCHIEF OF STAFF– PRESS SECRETARYPRESS SECRETARY– ASSISTANTSASSISTANTS– CHIEF OF STAFF TO FIRST LADYCHIEF OF STAFF TO FIRST LADY– PRESS SECRETARY FOR FIRST LADYPRESS SECRETARY FOR FIRST LADY– OVER 400 PEOPLE WORK IN WHOOVER 400 PEOPLE WORK IN WHO

NATIONAL SECURITY NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCILCOUNCIL

ADVISE IN ALL DOMESTIC, ADVISE IN ALL DOMESTIC, FOREIGN AND MILITARY MATTERSFOREIGN AND MILITARY MATTERS– V. PRESIDENTV. PRESIDENT– SECRETARY OF STATESECRETARY OF STATE– SECRETARY OF DEFENSESECRETARY OF DEFENSE– DIRECTOR OF CIADIRECTOR OF CIA

OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGETAND BUDGET

PREPARE FEDERAL BUDGETPREPARE FEDERAL BUDGET

OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICYCONTROL POLICY

ADVISORY OFFICE AND PLANNING ADVISORY OFFICE AND PLANNING AGENCY ON DRUG PROBLEM IN AGENCY ON DRUG PROBLEM IN U.S.U.S.

  Special Uses of Special Uses of Presidential PowerPresidential Power

• Presidents have at their Presidents have at their disposal a variety of disposal a variety of special powers and special powers and privileges not available in privileges not available in other branches of the other branches of the U.S. government.U.S. government.– These includeThese include– (1) emergency powers(1) emergency powers– (2) executive orders(2) executive orders– (3) executive privilege(3) executive privilege– (4) signing statements (4) signing statements

and, until relatively and, until relatively recentlyrecently

– (5) impoundment of (5) impoundment of funds.funds.

Emergency PowersEmergency Powers The emergency powers of the The emergency powers of the

president were first president were first enunciated in the Supreme enunciated in the Supreme Court's decisionCourt's decision– In that case, President Franklin In that case, President Franklin

Roosevelt, without authorization Roosevelt, without authorization by Congress, ordered an by Congress, ordered an embargo on the shipment of embargo on the shipment of weapons to two warring South weapons to two warring South American countries.American countries.

– Abraham Lincoln's suspension of Abraham Lincoln's suspension of civil liberties at the beginning of civil liberties at the beginning of the Civil War (1861 - 1865),the Civil War (1861 - 1865),

– President Harry Truman President Harry Truman authorized the federal seizure of authorized the federal seizure of steel plants and their operation steel plants and their operation by the national government in by the national government in 1952 during the Korean War1952 during the Korean War

– The Supreme Court did not The Supreme Court did not agree, holding that the agree, holding that the president had no authority president had no authority under the Constitution to seize under the Constitution to seize private property or to legislate private property or to legislate such action.such action.

Executive OrdersExecutive Orders• Congress allows the president (as well as Congress allows the president (as well as

administrative agencies) to issue executive administrative agencies) to issue executive orders that have the force of law. orders that have the force of law.

• These executive orders can do the These executive orders can do the following: following:

– (1) enforce legislative statutes, (1) enforce legislative statutes, – (2) enforce the Constitution or treaties with (2) enforce the Constitution or treaties with

foreign nations, and foreign nations, and – (3) establish or modify rules and practices of (3) establish or modify rules and practices of

executive administrative agencies.executive administrative agencies.• The only apparent requirement is that under The only apparent requirement is that under

the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, all executive orders must be published in all executive orders must be published in the Federal Register, a daily publication of the Federal Register, a daily publication of the U.S. government.the U.S. government.

– Executive orders have been used to establish Executive orders have been used to establish some procedures for appointing non-career some procedures for appointing non-career administrators, administrators,

– to implement national affirmative action to implement national affirmative action regulations, regulations,

– to restructure the White House bureaucracy, to restructure the White House bureaucracy, to ration consumer goods and to ration consumer goods and

– to administer wage and price controls under to administer wage and price controls under emergency conditions, emergency conditions,

– to classify government information as secret, to classify government information as secret, and and

– to regulate the export of restricted items.to regulate the export of restricted items.• http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/ex

ecutive-orders/

Executive PrivilegeExecutive Privilege• Another inherent executive power Another inherent executive power

that has been claimed by that has been claimed by presidents concerns the ability of presidents concerns the ability of the president and the president's the president and the president's executive officials to refuse to executive officials to refuse to appear before, or to withhold appear before, or to withhold information from, Congress or the information from, Congress or the courts. courts.

• This is called executive privilege, This is called executive privilege, and it relies on the constitutional and it relies on the constitutional separation of powers for its basis.separation of powers for its basis.

– Limits to executive privilege went Limits to executive privilege went untested until the Watergate affair untested until the Watergate affair in the early 1970s.in the early 1970s.

• In 1974, in one of the Supreme In 1974, in one of the Supreme Court's most famous cases, Court's most famous cases, United States v. Nixon, (Note 16) United States v. Nixon, (Note 16) the justices unanimously ruled the justices unanimously ruled that Nixon had to hand over the that Nixon had to hand over the tapes to the Courttapes to the Court

Impoundment of FundsImpoundment of Funds• There is no provision in the There is no provision in the

Constitution that requires the Constitution that requires the president, as chief executive, to president, as chief executive, to spend all of the funds spend all of the funds appropriated by Congress, and appropriated by Congress, and many presidents prior to the many presidents prior to the 1970s did not do so.1970s did not do so.

• As part of its Budget and As part of its Budget and Impoundment Control Act of Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Congress required that the 1974, Congress required that the president spend all appropriated president spend all appropriated funds, although Congress gave funds, although Congress gave the president some leeway.the president some leeway.

• The Supreme Court in 1975 The Supreme Court in 1975 unanimously ruled that the unanimously ruled that the president had to spend money president had to spend money appropriated by Congress appropriated by Congress because of his constitutional because of his constitutional obligation to "take care that the obligation to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed.laws be faithfully executed.

Abuses of Executive Power Abuses of Executive Power and Impeachmentand Impeachment

• Articles I and II of the Articles I and II of the Constitution authorize the Constitution authorize the House and Senate to House and Senate to remove the president, the remove the president, the vice president, or other civil vice president, or other civil officers of the United States officers of the United States for crimes of "Treason, for crimes of "Treason, Bribery, or other high Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."Crimes and Misdemeanors."

• The impeachment process The impeachment process – Begins in the House, which Begins in the House, which

impeaches (accuses) the impeaches (accuses) the federal officer involved. federal officer involved.

– If the House votes to impeach If the House votes to impeach the officer, it draws up the officer, it draws up articles of impeachment and articles of impeachment and submits them to the Senate.submits them to the Senate.

– Senate conducts the actual Senate conducts the actual trial.trial.