the role of the global aoc - influencing and shaping ... · the aoc recognizes the importance of...
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crows.org 1
The role of the Global AOC - influencing and
shaping Electronic Warfare for the Future
Dr. Sue Robertson
AOC International Region 1 Director
e-mail: [email protected]
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AOC has been in existence for more than 50 years
There are over 13,000 members in 19 countries
Nearly 20% of members are outside continental USA and Canada
There are 18 international chapters
Two international regions:
Association of Old Crows (AOC)
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
International Region 1
France
Germany
India
Israel
Norway
International Region 2
Australia
Brazil
Japan
New Zealand
Republic of Korea
Singapore
Taiwan
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• Education – to build a wider understanding of EMSO throughout the Defence
community
• Advocacy – to inform decision-makers in government about EMSO priorities
so that appropriate programmes can be set up and resourced
• Communication – better communication with our members will begin with a
new web-site to be launched soon
New Initiative to encourage young members to join the AOC as more than 50% of members are
aged 50 or over.
Young Members aged from 17 to 25 are now offered free 3–year membership
New Membership for Over-26 year-old is US $25
.
AOC Strategy
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“3rd Annual STEM Outreach Program
November 28-November 29, 2017 | DC Convention Center
The AOC recognizes the importance of educating students in Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics (STEM) using an interdisciplinary and applied approach.
The AOC will host a STEM Program in conjunction with the 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and
Convention. This program will focus on students interested in potential STEM careers.
Students will learn about the basic concepts Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum (e.g. waveforms, amplitude,
frequency, transmitters, receivers, antennas and more), the physics of radio and RADAR transmissions, and
the concepts behind Cyber vulnerabilities and Cyber security through a series of interactive booths featuring
technologies, equipment and platforms utilized today and planned for the future.
AOC Stem Program
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“Innovation and Change in Electromagnetic Warfare”The electromagnetic environment is changing at an increasing pace, and thus the importance of electronic
warfare (EW) system adaptability, flexibility, and innovation has also increased. Not only are innovative
technologies greatly needed, but the Industry and EW Community itself needs to change organizationally
to embrace innovative ideas, technologies, and tactics - and at a significantly faster pace. Innovation is
more than just technology refresh, it is also culture refresh.
The 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention will focus specifically on these ideas and
provide Industry, Government, and Militaries a world-class forum to address how we should change and
innovate as an EW community.
AOC Annual Symposium
54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention
November 28-30, 2017
Marriott Marquis DC and Convention Center, Washington, DC
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AOC Education Courses
Courses
“Electronic warfare in the New Threat Environment”
Dave Adamy, February 05, 2018 until February 28, 2018
“Electronic Intelligence – Principles and Practice”
Kyle Davidson, On-line Course
Free Live Webinars
“Space EW” January 11th , 2018 14:00 until 15:00 EST by Dave Adamy
Free On-Demand Webinars
“Demonstrating Radar and EW – Without Breaking the Bank” Dr. Warren du Plessis
“Compact Hybrid RF Architecture for SIGINT Applications” Mark Reinhard
”Smart Antennas” Dr. Frank B. Gross
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AOC Identified Trends/Recommendation in
Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO)
Airborne Jammer and AEA Aircraft, Growler
Defensive Electronic Attack and Directed Energy Weapons
Next Generation Jammer
F-35 Lightning II
COMINT and Compass Call
Unmanned EMSO Vehicles
Pod-mounted ECM
AESA Radars – A New Generation of Threats
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Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars are a new generation of radars capable of multi-
mode operation allowing them to monitor the environment on a continuous basis.
The AESA radar antenna does not move but consists of a matrix of small, solid state
transmit/receive modules (TRM).
Each TRM is capable of generating and radiating its own independent signal, allowing the AESA to
produce radar pulses on different frequencies with interleaved pulse streams carrying out several
functions simultaneously.
The use of multiple frequencies creates difficulties for Electronic Surveillance (ES) systems and
radar warning receivers due to its RF and Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) agility
A major advantage of AESA radars is their resistance to jamming.
AESA Radars – A New Generation of Threats
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Australian CEA Technologies in conjunction with Northrup Grumman
AN/SPY-3 and AN/SPY-6 AMDR for US Navy Destroyers
Dual Band Radar for US Aircraft Carriers
CEAFAR for ANZAC Frigate
Current Shipborne AESA Radars
European Manufacturers include Leonardo, SAAB, Thales and BAe Systems
APAR and NS100 for Royal Netherlands Navy
Kronos for UAE, Peruvian and Royal Thai Navies
Sea Giraffe 4A for Swedish Royal Navy & US Navy
Sampson for UK Royal Navy
Australian CEA Technologies in conjunction with Northrup Grumman
Israeli Company IAI Elta is a major manufacturer of AESA systems
In Japan Mitsubishi has a long history of AESA development
ELM-2248 MF-STAR Multi-function Radar for Israeli and Indian Navies
OPS-50 for HPS-106 for Japanese Destroyers
Raytheon is a major US supplier of AESA Radars
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Saab Sea Giraffe 4A
SEA GIRAFFE 4A will be incorporated on-board the US Navy’s INDEPENDENCE variant Littoral Combat
Ship (LCS).
Saab has introduced its new solid-state naval radar system, the SEA GIRAFFE 4A, which is an S-band
AESA radar featuring a 360° rocket, artillery and mortar (RAM) locator and target tracking for long-range
surface-to-air missiles. Capable of classifying both hovering and moving helicopters, the radar can also
detect and classify UAVs.
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The Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR or AN/SPY-6[V]) is the US Navy’s next-generation air and
missile defence radar. It will be deployed initially on the DDG-51 Flight-III destroyers, and will enhance
the ships’ ability to detect air and surface targets and ballistic missile threats.
AMDR is constructed with individual building blocks, called Radar Modular Assemblies (RMA).
Each RMA is a self-contained radar in a box measuring 60.96cm cubed. Individual RMAs are stacked to
form any size array to fit the mission requirements of any ship, making AMDR the US Navy’s first truly
scalable radar.
Raytheon AMDR
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Current Airborne AESAAESA radars are becoming essential for modern fighters
Typically mounted in the nose cone of fighter aircraft they
contain hundreds, if not thousands of TRMs
Key providers in the US are Northrup Grumman and Raytheon
AN/APG-80 and SABR for F-16 AN/APG-77 for F-22 Raptor
AN/APG-81 for F-35 Lightning AN/APY-9 for E3D Hawkeye
AESA for Boeing Wedgetail
AN/APG-79 for F/A-18 Superhornet and EA-18G Growler
AN/APG-82 for F-15 Strike Eagle APS – 149 for Poseidon P-8
European Manufacturers include Leonardo and Thales
Osprey for Helicopters Seaspray 7500E for MQ-9 Reaper
RBE2 for Rafale Searchmaster for Atlantique
ELM-2022ES for P-3, DASH-8 ELM/2075 for IAI Phalcon AEW&C system
Israeli Company IAI Elta is a major manufacturer of AESA systems
In Japan Mitsubishi and Toshiba have a long history of AESA development
J/APG-2 for Mitsubishi F-2 HPS-106 for Kawasaki P-1 MPA
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Raytheon AN/APG-79
AN/APG-79 was developed for the F/A-18in production for the US Navy and the EA-18G Growler Aircraft
for Royal Australian Air Force
Beam steering capability operates at nearly the speed of light allowing interleaving of modes so that pilot
and crew can operate air and ground surveillance simultaneously. In production for the US Navy and
Royal Australian Air Force, the AN/APG-79 demonstrates reliability, image resolution, and tracking range
significantly greater than that of the previous mechanically scanned array F/A-18 radar
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Osprey has been developed for Helicopters including the Norwegian AW101
Leonardo Osprey
Osprey can be mounted high on the aircraft
fuselage than traditional scanning antennas.
Osprey consists of multiple fixed panel antennas,
each containing 256 TRMs and providing 120
degree coverage.
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Airborne Jammers and Electronic AttackTo achieve superiority in modern warfare it is essential to take control of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
The denial or delay of data transfer, the disruption of enemy communications and the generation of
uncertainty in situational awareness are increasingly important factors in warfare.
Airborne electronic attack (AEA) aircraft can operate as stand-off jammers for the suppression of
enemy air defences (SEAD) and enemy communications.
AEA aircraft can act as escort jammers for the protection of other assets in the same battle group.
AEA aircraft carry out vital functions including:
− high-power wide-band jamming against modern radars with highly agile radar
frequencies
− using sophisticated Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) techniques to
cope with complex radar pulse sequences
− preventing improvised electronic devises (IEDs) attacks by interfering with the
trigger signals
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EA-18G Growler
EMSO Equipment in the Growler includes Raytheon
AN/ALQ-227 Communications Countermeasures Unit,
the AN/ALQ-218 wideband receiver and AN/ALQ-99
tactical jamming system
Growler is operated by the US Navy (100 aircraft) and by
the Australian RAAF (12 aircraft)
AN/ALQ-218 has 4 channelized receivers
and uses interferometer techniques to
provide geo-location of emitters for
cueing jammers
AN/ALQ-218
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AN/ALQ-99 mounted on EA-6B Prowler
AN/ALQ-99 does not have sufficient RF coverage, is not powerful enough to jam remote emitters
and cannot deal effectively with simultaneous threats
Under-wing Jamming
Transmitter Pods
Tail-mounted
Receiver Pod
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Next Generation Jammer (NGJ)
The NGJ will be developed and fielded in three increments.
Increment 1 addresses midband frequencies such as those used by most air defence systems.
The $279 million development contract was awarded to Raytheon in July 2013, with the intent to
reach initial operating capability (IOC) by 2020 and produce at least 228 pods with Increment 1
capability.
The first flight tests of a full prototype took place in October 2014.
Increment 2 will address the low-frequency bands of the radio spectrum and should have initial
operational capability IIOC) in 2022.
Increment 3 will address high bands and is expected to reach IOC in 2024.
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More than 2000 F-35 have been ordered by the US Military and several countries including
Australia, Italy and UK have been involved in its development. Many other nations plan to
operate the aircraft, including Holland, Israel and South Korea.
F-35 has an AN/APG-81 multi-function Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar
mounted in the nose of the aircraft.
F-35 Lightning
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F-35 has three EW systems:
• AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System (DAS)
• Electro Optical Targeting System (EOTS)
• ASQ-AAQ-37 Integrated Defensive Avionics Suite (RWR)
F-35 Lightning EW Systems
There are 10 radar frequency (RF) antennas embedded into the edges of the wings and tail and 6
passive infra-red (IR) sensors distributed over the aircraft.
Data from the RF and IR sensors is integrated in the AN/ASQ-239 (Barracuda) system making the
F-35 the first fighter aircraft with sensor fusion that combines RF and IR tracking for continuous
target detection and identification in all directions.
AntennaRF Countermeasures IR Countermeasures
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Compass Call
USAF EC-130H Compass Call has a primary mission of Suppression of Enemy Air Defences (SEAD)
and a secondary mission to support ground forces and counter-IEDs
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Pod-mounted Electronic Attack - AN/ALQ-131(V) and AN/ALQ-231
AN/ALQ-131 (V)
The ALQ-131(V) electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod
is currently operational on A-10s, F-16s and C-130s. It
provides full three band, overlapping coverage and is
capable of producing simultaneous jamming techniques
to counter multiple, simultaneous threats on a pulse-by-
pulse basis.
The AN/ALQ-231 Intrepid Tiger pod provides the US Marine
Corps fixed and rotary wing aircraft with an adaptable and
networked AEA capability that can be controlled from the
cockpit or by a ground operator. In one mode, the pilot can
operate a set program but in networked mode, troops on the
ground can selectively jam particular bands.
AN/ALQ-231
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Unmanned EMSO vehicles – Saab Skeldar V-200
One of the newest EW-capable air vehicles operating in the maritime domain is the Skeldar
V-200 Unmanned Air System (UAS), manufactured by SAAB in Sweden .
It is a rotary-wing vehicle designed to be launched from the deck of any ship to fulfil a short range
surveillance role.
It can carry a variety of payloads(Synthetic
Aperture Radar, ESM, AIS) to support
different types of missions and can hover
for several hours while sending real-time
information to a control station.
It is fully autonomous.
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Defensive Electronic Attack and Directed Energy Weapons
Laser Weapon Systems
In August 2017 successful tests of a Lockheed Martin
prototype laser weapon system were carried out with the
US Army Space and Missile Defence Command.
The 30-kilowatt class ATHENA (Advanced Test High Energy
Asset) system brought down five 10.8' wingspan Outlaw
unmanned aerial systems at the Army's White Sands
Missile Range in New Mexico. ATHENA employs advanced
beam control technology and an efficient fibre laser in this
latest series of tests of the prototype system.
Laser Weapons to defend Tactical Aircraft
Laser weapons experts at Lockheed Martin are working with the USAF to develop a compact, ruggedized,
high-power laser to defend tactical aircraft flying at or above the speed of sound from enemy aircraft and
missiles It will be pod-mounted and flight demonstration is expected by 2021.
ATHENA
