THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION AND SAFETY

REGULATION RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF

DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) AS FUEL

Bambang Prasetya

ESDM, SARYONO HADIWIDJOYO, 2009

BLUE PRINT NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY 2005 –2025

MAIN PROGRAM NO 11 : DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF S & T FOR ENERGY

No 1. Development of S &T of Energy

Aplication of technology using double feedstock (Coal and Biomass)

Upgraded Brown Coal

Coal Liquefaction

Environmental friendly technology for energy

Integrated coal gasification

Development of energy alternatif for car

CNG for electrical power plant

Mini LNG

Utilization of LNG for transportation

Ocean technology

Dimethyl ether (DME)

Coal bed methane

Hidrate of natural gas

GROWTH OF ENERGY CONSUPTIOM

REVIEW OF BENEFICIAL POINTS OF DME

UTILIZATION AS FUEL

Application

Substitute of Diesel for transportation

Substitute of LPG for household

Can be used fuel for turbine

Energy value

Higher energy density than compressed natural gas

High Diesel engine efficiency

Enviroment

Low emissions CO2

No sulphur and nitrogen compounds (90% less NOx emissions)

DME is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and low toxicity

Handling

Can be transported and stored as a liquid at low temperatures.

No corrosive effect on metals

Chang, J. 2004, Boehman, A. EMS, J. Eberhardt, DEER 2002, Yotaro Ohno, 2008, IDA 2013)

DME Properties –

Comparison with Other Fuels Property DME Diesel Propane

Chemical Formula C2H6O C10.8 H18.7 C3H8

Molecular Weight 46.07 148.6 44.11

Critical Temperature- C 127 - 95.6

Boiling Point- C -24.9 71-193 -42.1

Vapor Pressure at 20 C-kg/m2 5.1 <0.01 8.4

Critical Pressure-bar 53.7 - 43

Liquid Viscosity- cP .15 2-4 .10

Liquid Density at 20 C-kg/m3 668 800-840 501

Bulk Modulus (N/m2) 6.37E+08 1.49E+09

Specific Density,gas 1.59 - 1.52

Solubility in H2O at 20 C g/l 70 Negligible .12

Lower Heating Value- kJ/kg 28430 42500 46360

Heat of vaporization- kJ/kg 20C 410 233 426

Explosion limit in air- vol% 3.4-17 1.0-6.0 2.1-9.4

Ignition temperature at 1 atm- C 235 250 470

Cetane Number 55-60 40-55 -

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775305007846

Coal

Nature Gas

Petroleum

Residue/coke

Biomass

Biogas

SYNGAS

INTERMEDIATE

PRODUCT

FEEDSTOCK

FOR DME

PROCESS/

CONVERSION

(GAS-SOLID-LIQUID)

TO LIQUID UNIT

Gasification

Reforming

Steam Reforming

Partial Oxidation

SOLID TO LIQUID UNIT

Biotechnology based

proces

Yeast arming

fermentation based

biorefinery

Biomass

Lignocellulose

Agriculture/Plant

ation/Forest

PulpMill

Garbage

METHANOL

FUEL

PRODUCT

SCHEMATIC PROCES FOR DME AND ETHANOL

Important to substitute Diesel and Premium

DME

Glucose ETHANOL

Substitute Diesel

Substitute Premium

DME can be produced from a variety of abundant sources of renewable resources Biomass from by-product of agriculture,

plantation, municipal waste Waste from pulp and paper mills, sugar

cane, oil palm industry like EFB Plant dedicated for fuel crops

Advantage of climate condition in Indonesia : Very high photosynthesis which CO2

and H2O converted into biomass Biomass production at peat swamp HTI

20 ton per ha/year In some ecosystem can reach 40 ton per

ha per year

FEEDSTOCK FOR DME and POTENTIAL OF

TROPICAL HUMID CLIMATE

TIMBER ESTATE ON PEAT

SWAMP TIMBER ESTATE (HTI)

DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD

SNI (Standard Nasional Indonesia)

Role of Standard in the innovation process

National Standardization Agency

- BSN Mission

Develop the Indonesian National Standard (SNI)

Develop application systems standards and conformity

assessment

Improve public perception and participation of

stakeholders in the field of standardization and

conformity assessment

Develop policies and legislation standardization and

conformity assessment

QUALITY TO SUPPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS

STANDARDIZATION :

• Development

• Implementation

METROLOGY :

• Scientific

• Industry/applied

• Legal

CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT : •Accreditation •Certification •Testing •Inspection

Laws and Regulations

Cooperation, Socialization, Research and Development

National Standardization

THREE PILLAR NATIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURES

Authorities of Standard and Conformity

Assessment

National Standardization Agency (BSN)

Non Ministerial National Institutions and coordinated by of Ministry Reseach and

Technology

Responsible to development of national standardization system

Establishment by President Decree (KEPPRES) No 103, 2001

National Accreditation Committee (KAN):

Council which involved Industries Association, Academia,

Government)

Chaired by Ex officio of Chairman of BSN

President Decree No 78, 2001

National Standards Committee for Units of Measure (KSNSU)

Council which involved Research Center, Expert, University and government

Chaired by Ex officio of Chairman of BSN

President Decree No79 , 2001

Accreditation

Certification

• products • processes

Standards

Test laboratories

Metrology

• Calibration laboratories • Metrology in chemistry • Verification system

SSN (PP 102) NATIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNATIONAL QI SYSTEM VALUE CHAIN

Ap

plic

able

to

all

pro

du

cts

and

pro

cess

es

e.g. IAF ILAC

PAC APLAC

ISO 17025

ISO, CODEX

ACCSQ

Comparison

measurements

Proficiency tests

BIPM

APMP

ISO Guide 62, 65, etc

traceability

ISO 9000,

ISO 14000,

HACCP, etc

Product certification

CE, GS, etc.

Reference materials

Callibration

Verifications

Inspections

Testing, analysis

Certificates

International standards

National standards

LSPro

Lab

DIAGRAM OF DEVELOMENT OF SNI

(Non Adoption)

SETTING UP OF

SNI STANDARD

DEV. PGR

NATIONAL

CON-

CENSUS

PUBLICA-

TION

MAINTE-

NANCE

PROPOSAL

SNI DEV.

PROGRAM

SELECTION

AND

DECISION VERIFICATION

DRAFTING OF

FINAL DOC DRAFTING

DRAFTING

PROCESS

NATIONAL

CONCENSUS

FACILITATION

AND

VERIFICATION

DECISION

AND

PUBLICATION

TECHNICAL

COMIMTTEE

MASTAND

(STD SOECIATY)

& TC

STAKE

HOLDER ANALYSIS OF

MARKET

NEEDS

FORMULATION

RE-

VIEW

ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARD (ISO, IEC, ASTM)

SETTING UP OF

SNI STANDARD

DEV. PGR

NATIONAL

CON-

CENSUS

PUBLICA-

TION

MAINTE-

NANCE

PROPOSAL

SNI DEV.

PROGRAM

SELECTION

AND

DECISION VERIFICATION

DRAFTING OF

FINAL DOC DRAFTING

DRAFTING

PROCESS

NATIONAL

CONCENSUS

FACILITATION

AND

VERIFICATION

DECISION

AND

PUBLICATION

TECHNICAL

COMIMTTEE

MASTAND

(STD SOECIATY)

& TC

STAKE

HOLDER ANALYSIS OF

MARKET

NEEDS

FORMULATION

RE-

VIEW

PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENT OF

INDONESIAN STANDARD

Based on Regulation PP 102 of 2000 :

Consensus-based, consensus on a draft standard among all stakeholders (stakeholders)

Based on scientific evidence, consensus on a draft standard which is based on scientific evidence.

Referring to the guidelines of ISO Development

In accordance with the WTO Code of good practice SNI development must meet

following principles:

Coherence

Development

dimension

Openess

Transparency

Consensus

and impartiality

Effectiveness

and relevance

Description Number

SNI published 9.320

SNI subjeted to abolition 1.759

SNI implemtative 7.561

STANDARDIZATION SCHEME OF PRUDUCT

INDUSTRY

STANDARD

Products CON-

FORMITY CONSUMER

Products Certification Institute

Products Certification

MARKET

COMPETENCY

ASSESMENT INSTITUTE

TESTING

ACREDITATION

LPK

MARKET

INSPECTION

MUTUAL RECOGNITION

(MLA/MRA) - KAN

ILAC MRA

(International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation)

Testing, Calibration and Inspection

PAC/IAF MLA

(Pacific Accreditation Cooperation/

International Accreditation Forum)

QMS, EMS,FSMS, Product

Certification

APLAC MRA

(Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation)

Testing, Calibration, Inspection, Medical Device

RECOGNITION OF KAN INTERNASIONAL ACREDITATION

ILAC / IAF

EA APLAC/PAC

IAAC SADCA IAF International Accreditation Forum

ILAC International laboratories accreditation cooperation

EA European co-operation for Accreditation

APLAC Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation

PAC Pasific Acreditation Cooperation

IAAC Inter-American Accreditation Cooperation

SADCA Southern African Accreditation Cooperation

Status and forecasting –ISO standard

and possibility to adopt for national standard

International work for DME standard has started in 2007 in

subcommittee SC4 and SC5 of ISO/TC28.

The draft of the standard made by WG13 will change from a

Committee Draft (CD) to Draft of International Standard (DIS)) in

the second quarter of 2012 and the standard will be normally

published in 2013

The draft of the test-methods standards will change from CD to

DIS and WG14 expects the publishing of these standards in the first

half of the year 2014

For Domestic or regional market, Adoption of ISO standard will

start at the end of 2014 or 2015

ISO DEVELOPMENT STANDARD RELATED TO DME

ISO/DIS 16861 Petroleum products -- Fuels (class F) -- Specifications of Dimethylether (DME)

ISO/DIS 17196 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of impurities -- Gas chromatographic method

ISO/DIS 17197 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of water content -- Karl Fischer titration method

ISO/DIS 17198 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of total sulfur, ultraviolet fluorescence method

ISO/DIS 17786 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of evaporation residues -- Mass analysis method

DME SPECIFICATION (ISO-DIS)

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT FOR ISO STANDARD-1

STAGE SUBSTAGE

90

Decision Substages

00

Registration

20

Start of main

action

60

Completion of

main action

92

Repeat an earlier

phase

93

Repeat current

phase

98

Abandon

99

Proceed

00

Preliminary stage

00.00

Proposal for new

project received

00.20

Proposal for new

project under

review

00.60

Close of review

00.98

Proposal for new

project abandoned

00.99

Approval to ballot

proposal for new

project

10

Proposal stage

10.00

Proposal for new

project registered

10.20

New project

ballot initiated

10.60

Close of voting

10.92

Proposal returned

to submitter for

further definition

10.98

New project

rejected

10.99

New project

approved

20

Preparatory stage

20.00

New project

registered in

TC/SC work

programme

20.20

Working draft

(WD) study

initiated

20.60

Close of comment

period

20.98

Project deleted

20.99

WD approved for

registration as CD

30

Committee stage

30.00

Committee draft

(CD) registered

30.20

CD study/ballot

initiated

30.60

Close of voting/

comment period

30.92

CD referred back

to Working Group

30.98

Project deleted

30.99

CD approved for

registration as DIS

40

Enquiry stage

40.00

DIS registered

40.20

DIS ballot

initiated: 5 months

40.60

Close of voting

40.92

Full report

circulated: DIS

referred back to

TC or SC

40.93

Full report

circulated:

decision for new

DIS ballot

40.98

Project deleted

40.99

Full report

circulated: DIS

approved for

registration as

FDIS

50

Approval stage

50.00

FDIS registered

for formal

approval

50.20

FDIS ballot

initiated: 2 months.

Proof sent to

secretariat

50.60

Close of voting.

Proof returned by

secretariat

50.92

FDIS referred

back to TC or SC

50.98

Project deleted

50.99

FDIS approved for

publication

60

Publication stage

60.00

International

Standard under

publication

60.60

International

Standard

published

90

Review stage

90.20

International

Standard under

periodical review

90.60

Close of review

90.92

International

Standard to be

revised

90.93

International

Standard

confirmed

90.99

Withdrawal of

International

Standard proposed

by TC or SC

95

Withdrawal stage

95.20

Withdrawal ballot

initiated

95.60

Close of voting

95.92

Decision not to

withdraw

International

95.99

Withdrawal of

International

Standard

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT FOR ISO STANDARD-2

SAFETY REGULATION USING STANDARD SNI

TECHNICAL REGULATION

VOLUNTARY

MANDATORY

IINDUSTRIES USE TO

INCREASE PRODUCT

PEFORMANCE

Diadopsi oleh Pemerintah

STANDARD

INDUSTRIES USE Fulfill REGULATION

SAFETY

HEALTH

ENVIROMENT

DYNAMIC OF THE

MARKET

VOLUNTARY

• Based on need of industry

• Certification and Accreditation for conformity assessment marking based

on Regulation KAN 403-2011,

• “Penilaian Kesesuaian – Ketentuan umum penggunaan tanda kesesuaian berbasis SNI dan/atau regulasi teknis”

• Certification used for guarantee and control of product quality at pre-market stage

• Market control by government

MANDATORY

• SNI related to safety, health, security and environment

• Based Regulation of: PSN 301 Tahun 2011, “Pedoman Pemberlakuan SNI secara Wajib”

• Mandatory scheme for local and import product

• Certification used for market inspection mechanism

• Controlling by Government sistem penomoran NRP/ NPB (Permendag No.14/M-DAG/PER/3/ 2007)

SNI aa-bbbb-cccc

LSPr-AA-IDN SNI aa-bbbb-cccc

NRP xxx-yyy-zzzzzz

SNI aa-bbbb-cccc

NPB xxx-yyy-zzzzzz

No Regulator

SNI FOR

MANDAATORY

PLANNED

Technical

Regulation

2013-2014

1. Ministry of Industry 84 79 *

2. Ministry of Marine and Fisheries 80 -

3. Ministry of Energy and Mineral

Resources 19 21

4. Ministry of Agriculture 1 4

5. BPOM (Drug and Food Regulation

Agency) 4 -

6. Ministry of Transportation 14 -

7. Ministry of Public Work 57 -

8. Ministry of Forestry - 1

Total 259 105

* 5 SNI April 2013 as mandatory

SAFETY OF DME – Basic Properties and Practical Records

DME (dimethyl ether) is a clean, colorless gas that is easy to liquefy and transport. It has remarkable potential for

increased use as an automotive fuel, for electric power generation, and in domestic applications such as heating

and cooking.

Ultra clean DME diesel fuel provides smokeless combustion, low CO2 and 90% less NOx emissions than

standard automotive fuels. DME is a colorless gas that is biodegradable, non-corrosive, and will not contaminate

soil or aquifers in the event of a leak.

Used for decades in the personal care industry (as a benign propellant in aerosols), DME has an excellent and

long-term safety record. DME is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and virtually non-toxic. Like other fuels,

DME is highly flammable but has proven to be extremely safe when handled properly.

DME is a multi-purpose fuel and chemical feedstock that can be used a wide variety of applications, from

automotive fuel and LPG substitute, to electric power generation and the production of olefins, synthesis gas and

hydrogen.

DME has been used for decades in the personal care industry (as a benign aerosol propellant), and is now

increasingly being exploited for use as a clean burning alternative to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), diesel and

gasoline.

Like LPG, DME is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, but changes to a liquid when subjected to

modest pressure or cooling. This easy liquefaction makes DME easy to transport and store.

This and other properties, including a high oxygen content, lack of sulfur or other noxious compounds, and ultra

clean combustion make DME a versatile and promising solution in the mixture of clean renewable and low-

carbon fuels under consideration worldwide.

Need : Safety in operations and handling for DME is imperative for consumers and for the

industry.

The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices aim to inform the stakeholders in the Dimethyl

Ether industry of the hazards at different stages of the distribution chain as well as

recommended good safety practices

Effective safety promotion starts by getting things right within the production facilities,

storage depot, bottling plant or transport system.

The importance of having an effective emergency management system when something does

go wrong, has been recognized for all kind of hazardous product for a long time.

The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices aim to inform the stakeholders in the Dimethyl

Ether industry of the hazards at different stages of the distribution chain as well as

recommended good safety practices

Effective safety promotion starts by getting things right within the production facilities,

storage depot, bottling plant or transport system.

oThe importance of having an effective emergency management system when something does

go wrong, has been recognized for all kind of hazardous product for a long time.

SAFETY OF DME – Handling and Application

The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices

The key responsibilities

The regulatory framework

The DME safety

The DME distribution chain

The trans-shipment terminal

The inland transportation

The bulk storage and handling

The cylinder filling and handling

The distribution in bulk

The consumer installation and usage

The safety managing

The emergency planning and response

• The hazard warning

and signs (UN

classification)

• A glossary of terms

• A list of references

and notably a list of

existing standards

and material safety

data sheet (MSDS)

CONCLUSION REMARK

Technology Development of DME open a broader diversification of fuel

especially for substitute of diesel fuel

Some advantages of DME compared to conventional fuel related to the

efficiency, environment, handling and other physical properties

Indonesia as tropical humid country, biomass will a important feedstock

for DME production, but also contribute to environmental conservation.

To ensure a domestic, regional and international market a

standardization will play an key driven factor.

Preparation of international standard conducted by ISO is on going and

will be published in coming year. Adoption of standard will be open for

country like Indonesia

For safety purpose, regulation and guideline of DME utilization will

contribute for successfully commercialization of DME