the role of quality assurance to safeguard product quality · 2013-04-14 · sustainable recycling...
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
The Role of Quality Assurance to
safeguard Product Quality
Dr. Stefanie Siebert, Executive Director of ECN
ECN/ISWA/MoE BG Biowaste-Seminar
“Implementation of Organic Waste Management in Southern and
Eastern European Countries”
17-19 April 2013 – Sofia, Bulgaria
The European Quality Assurance Scheme
for Compost and Digestate
Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
The European Compost Network - Mission
Network for the organic waste
recycling sector in Europe
Promoting sustainable recycling
practices in composting, anaerobic
digestion and other biological
treatment processes of organic
resources
Integrated organic waste recycling
solutions generating high quality
products for the benefit of consumers
and the environment
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
The European Compost Network - Vision
Sustainable recycling of organic resources by
producing high quality products for the
environmental sound use on land and/or to
generate renewable energy
Pre-condition for sustainable recycling is the
separate collection of organic wastes
Monitoring of the treatment process and product
quality by independent quality assurance scheme
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Municipal solid waste and Biowaste in EU
Facts
More than half of MSW is landfilled in the majority of EU Countries (2010)
Potentials for bio-waste in EU: 80 million ton per year
Wasted food in EU: 89 million ton
Most of bio-waste is still not separately collected but landfilled, incinerated
Current separate collection and composting/digestion in EU: only 29,5 %
EU Communication on bio-waste management (COM(2010) 235)
Compost and digestate from bio-waste are under-used materials.
Contribution to EU resource efficiency
Improvement of carbon-depleted soils
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Bio-waste recycling as a percentage of municipal waste generation in 32
European Countries, 2001 and 2010
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Source: EEA Report, No. 2/2013 Managing municipal solid waste – a review of
achievements on 32 European countries
Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Potential of Biodegradable waste in Europe
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10 to 50 M tons of CO2
could be saved
3 to 7 % of agricultural soils could
be improved
64.000 tons P per year could
be recycled from bio-waste
Quelle: Barth et al. 2008
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
What is bio-waste?
Bio-waste (WF Directive 2008/98):
Garden and park waste
Food and kitchen waste from households,
restaurants, caterers, retail premises and
comparable waste from food processing
plants
Bio-waste does not include:
forestry/agricultural residue and other
biodegradable materials such as wood,
paper, cardboard, sewage sludge, natural
textiles, etc.
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Biowaste Recycling by Composting in Europe (2009)
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Composting of separately collected bio-wastes of housholds, gardens,
parks and food/feed industry
Ca. 2500 sites of which 40 % treat only green waste
Annual capacity ca. 27 Mio. t
Additionally around 800 small agricultural co-composting plants mainly in
Germany and Austria
Target
Manufacturing of a PRODUCT for fertilisation, soil improvement and humus
management.
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Treatment options - Composting
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Open windrow composting
State of the art for Green waste composting
Capacities: from 200 t/y small scale up to 70.000 t/y
In-vessel composting systems
State of the art for biowaste from households, food/ industry, catering waste
Capacity: often more than > 10,000 t of input materials
Technical operation systems
• tunnel systems
• box/container systems
• windrow systems
Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Treatment Options – Anaerobic Digestion in EU (2010)
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Anaerobic Digestion of bio-waste from housholds, food/feed industry,
catering waste, agricultural residues and energy crops
195 large AD sites with 5,9 million tons capacity for bio-waste (post
composting is recommended)
Additionally 7500 agricultural digestion and co-digestion sites for
agricultural residues, energy crops & organic waste
In total around 56 millon cbm digestates, 2.5 Gigawatt electricity
Strong support by guaranteed feed-in-tariff 0.1-0.4 CAD/kwh
Target
Production of biogas (80%) or biofuels (Sweden, Switzerland) as renewable
energy & production of organic fertilisers
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
EU Policy Strategies
Landfill Directive
End-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate
Review of waste-related targets (2013-2014)
Revision of the EU Fertiliser directive including
organic fertiliser
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Need for EU initiatives
► Recycling / separate collection targets for bio-waste
► Product standards for compost and digestate for a free circulation on the
internal market (End-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate)
Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
EU Policy Strategies – EoW Regulation
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Setting end-of-waste criteria for compost
and digestate but with specific criteria for
each product type (compost / digestate)
Pre-requisite: Input materials from
separately collected bio-waste
Requiring quality assured processing of
separately collected bio-waste feedstocks
according to a set of standards
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Main Markets of Compost in Europe
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Range [n=12 MS] Market range Prices Euro/t
Agriculture 1) 45 - 78% 0 - (28) €
Horticulture 3 - 15% 1 - (29) €
Landscaping 6 - 20% 5 - 30 €
Blends/soil mix 10 - 15% 5 - 15 €
Land reclamation 2 - 10% 1 - 2 €
Hobby gardening 12 - 20% 5 - (320) € 2)
Export 6 - 7% -
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
The Need for Quality Products and Quality Assurance
Expectations of Consumers
94 % of the professional compost users want to have:
A standardised and independently supervised high
product quality
Application recommendations for specific uses
Requirements
Input materials of source separated bio-waste
Standardised high quality products
Independently controlled
Traceability
Quality assurance of compost and digestate
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
From Waste to Product
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Separate collection of
organic waste
Clean source
Quality Assurance
Control and Certification
Quality Product
Fit for the market
+ =
Waste Product
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Compost Quality Labels in Europe
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Targets of ECN-QAS
Harmonisation of the compost quality and
requirements across Europe
Harmonisation of quality assurance schemes
across Europe
Assistance to build up national quality assurance
schemes
Assurance and monitoring of high quality compost
products in Europe
Promotion of recycling of waste «from waste to
product»
ECN Quality Assurance Scheme (ECN-QAS)
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Content and labels of ECN-QAS
The European Quality Assurance Scheme includes:
Awarding the ECN-QAS Conformity Label to national
quality assurance organisations (NQAO)
Awarding quality labels for composting plants and
compost products
In future:
Awarding quality labels for digestion plants and
digestate products
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Elements of the ECN-QAS
Suitable
input material
Operation
quality (plant)
Product
quality (compost)
Positive-list
Check-list
Product control
ECN-QAS
•certification of conformity
•conformity label Product
use (good practice)
Application
recommendation
National-QAS (Quality label)
•plant certificate
•product certificate
•annual quality report
and
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Requirements for Operational Quality
Process recommendations for composting
55 °C for 14 days in open windrow systems or
65 °C / 60 °C for three days in open windrow / in-vessel systems
Process recommendations for digestion
Proof of digestion process based on process model with critical control
points (CCP), hydrolic retention time, hygienisation record)
External audit of treatment plant
Positive-list of input materials
Check-list for operation control
Independent sampling
Proof of declaration
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Quality Criteria for Compost and Digestate (1)
Quality criteria of the European Quality Assurance Scheme for the
characterising of quality compost
Parameter Assessment
Soil
improvement
Organic matter ≥ 15 %, declaration
Alcaline effective materials (CaO) Declaration
Fertilisation Nutrients (N; P, K) (S, NH4-N, NO3-
N only for digestate)
Declaration
Material
properties
Plant compatibility Benchmark accord. to the test on
germinable plants, declaration
Water content /dry matter content Declaration
Bulk density/volume weight Declaration
Grain size Declaration
pH-value Declaration
Electric conductivity Declaration
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Quality Criteria for Compost and Digestate (2)
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Parameter ECN-QAS Assessment Proposed EoW criteria
Hygienic aspects Salmonellae 0 in 25 g DM 0 in 25 g DM
Undesired
ingredients
Impurities (glass,
metals, plastics) ≤ 0.5 % DM ≤ 0.5 % DM
Germinable seeds
and sprouting
plant parts
≤ 2 per litre ≤ 2 per litre
Harmful matter
Precautional limit
values
Heavy metals mg / kg DM mg / kg DM
Lead (Pb) 130 120
Cadmium (Cd) 1.3 1.5
Chromium (Cr) 60 100
Copper (Cu) 200 (110)3) 100
Nickel (Ni) 40 50
Mercury (Hg) 0.45 1
Zinc (Zn) 600 (300)3) 400
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Independent Product Control and Declaration
Sampling frequency:
For recognition 1- 4 times per year, depending on
the amount of input material
For monitoring the sampling frequency is
calculated on the amount of input material
/10.000 [t] + 1
Analyses results:
Control by an independent quality committee
Certification including product declaration
Application recommendations due to good
fertilisation practice
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Requirements for Certification Bodies
Independent organisation and recognised by legal authorities
Requirements for certification bodies based on EN 45011
Regular audits, independent sampling and product control
Central documentation system
Independent Quality Committee
Approved Quality Assurance Organisations by the
European Quality Assurance Scheme (ECN-QAS)
ARGE Austria BGK Germany VLACO Belgium
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
Finalising the European-wide quality assurance
scheme for digestate
Developed by WG2 „Quality Assurance“ and WG4
„Anaerobic Digestion“ and in cooperation with the
European Biogas Association (EBA)
Revision of the ECN-QAS Quality Manual in respect
to end-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate
Further conformity assessments of National Quality
Assurance Schemes
Future Developments for ECN-QAS
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Organic Resources and Biological Treatment
THANK YOU!
European Compost Network ECN e.V.
www.compostnetwork.info
Announcement 26–28 June 2014 Gödöllő, Hungary
ORBIT2014 in cooperation with Szent István University and the
Hungarian Quality Compost Association
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