the roaring twenties. life changed after ww1 disillusionment of youth 9,000,000 soldiers had died...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Roaring Twenties
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LIFE CHANGED AFTER WW1
Disillusionment of Youth• 9,000,000 soldiers had died• Young people lost faith in leaders
Suffrage• Women finally got the vote in 1920• This was only the beginning – equality takes a long time
Social /Racial Conflict• As a result of all the changes there was a backlash
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Disillusionment of Youth
• Fighting in the war had seen awful things
• Corrupt powers divided spoils
• No faith in League of Nations
• Turned away from idealism and politics
• Age of hedonism captured by Scott F Fitzgerald
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Suffrage
• Women finally got vote in 1920’s (19th amendment – 1920)
• Frequently did men’s jobs in war
• Now more options open than teaching and nursing.
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• Tin Lizzies -• Flying Machines –• Radio • New Freedom for
women• Shorter work week –
down from 60 hrs to 40 – more money to spend
• Mass production in factories
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Tin Lizzies
• Henry Ford’s Model-T• Put America on wheels• First affordable auto• $260• Results: Increased crime Growth of cities
Mobility
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Social and Racial Conflict
African Americans wanted more say
Had fought in war Went North70 lynchings in 1920 Prejudice against emigrants
created backlash – Sacco and Vanzetti trial
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Flying Machines
• Charles Lindberg Spirit of St. Louis 1927 NY to Paris
• Amelia Earhart First woman to fly across the Atlantic
• Passenger planes 150 mph hour
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Radio
• First Radio Station 1921 • By 1926 – 700 stations • Covered sports,
elections• People lined up to buy
them• By 1930 60% in US had
one• Spawned new industry
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New Freedom For Women
• New “mod cons” (appliances) freed women from drudgery
• Freed women of traditional roles
• Helped them emancipate
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Prohibition
• 18th amendment in 1920 outlawed alcohol
• Bootlegging – illegal sale of alcohol
• Speakeasy – illegal place to drink
• Defiance of the law• Police raided them
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Prohibition Causes CrimeOrganized crime results • Huge money from
bootlegging• 215 unsolved murders
between 1929 to 1933• Notorious gangsters Al
Capone Lucky Luciano Bugsy Siegel Meyer Lansky
Corruption Police and officials bribed
21st amendment - 1933 Repealed Prohibition – States controlled alcohol.
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Politics in the 1920’s - Republican
• Warren Harding and “Ohio gang” in White House 1920 -Republican
• Laissez faire policy - letting business alone
• Slashed taxes, limited immigration
• Scandals, corruptions Harding died ashamed by friends’ betrayals in 1923
• “Less government in business, more business in government”
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Calvin Coolidge - Republican
Calvin Coolidge, Republican V.P. succeeded in 1923
• Inactive – silent – also laissez faire – letting business alone
• Boom years – factories – people earning good wages – industrial growth sensational change in lifestyle
• Not interested in changing status quo
• Period known as “Coolidge Prosperity”
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Herbert Hoover - Republican
• Herbert Hoover -1928
• He had campaigned in 1928 saying, "We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land."
• Unfortunately, he was wrong.
• After the crash believed the responsibility for caring for people should be local and voluntary – not government
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The Rich Get Richer
• All presidents helped business –disliked regulation and government “interference”
• “The business of the United States is business” – Coolidge
• Tax breaks for rich, (Mellon) high tariffs for imported goods (protection), subsidies
• Rising salaries – people spending a lot.• Big Business – companies merged and smaller
ones disappeared – The rich got richer
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Farmers Began Having Problems
• Farmers struggled Expanded after WW1 – bought equipment on credit
• Falling prices after war and all decade
• Couldn’t repay loans – lost farms to banks
• Coolidge refused to help – vetoed all bills
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Unions Did Badly in Twenties
• Organized labor did poorly – state governments almost always took company’s side
• Injunctions to force workers to end strikes
• Police at picket lines• Reversed 2 child labor
laws
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Rebellion
• Writers and artists rebelled – T.S. Eliot Ezra Pound Ernest Hemingway Scott Fitzgerald William Faulkner
• Respected overseas – yet seen as traitors of “true values” – Power came from conservatives and rural areas
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Reaction
• Quota system for emigrants – to keep out people from Eastern Europe–
• Rise or the Ku Klux Klan – Klan at peak in 1925 with 50,000 members
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Fads of the Twenties
• Mah-jong
• Crossword puzzles
• Dance Marathons
• Sitting on flagpoles
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The Jazz Age
• The Jazz Age – Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, George Gershwin
• An American phenomenon
• Chicago Jazz• Cotton Club, Harlem• New Orleans
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The Arts
• Poets - Langston Hughes, Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg,
• Writers – Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald
• Entertainers – Charlie Chaplin, Al Jolson
• Art deco movement – geometric designs – clean lines.
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The Arts
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Art Deco