The Roaring Life The Roaring Life of the 20’sof the 20’s

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of Life

Rural and Urban DifferencesRural and Urban Differences-Population growing in cities, many men leaving -Population growing in cities, many men leaving the farmsthe farms-New York topped the list of biggest cities with -New York topped the list of biggest cities with 5.6 million people 5.6 million people -Chicago was second with 3 million. Chicago was -Chicago was second with 3 million. Chicago was an industrial powerhouse as well as a home to an industrial powerhouse as well as a home to native-born whites, African Americans, immigrant native-born whites, African Americans, immigrant Poles, Irish, Russians, Italians, Swedes, Arabs, Poles, Irish, Russians, Italians, Swedes, Arabs, French, and Chinese. French, and Chinese. -Cities could be impersonal and frightening with -Cities could be impersonal and frightening with strangers and a fast-paced life.strangers and a fast-paced life.

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of Life

ProhibitionProhibition18th Amendment18th Amendment- manufacture, sale, and - manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were transportation of alcoholic beverages were illegally prohibitedillegally prohibited-Reformers had for a long time felt that liquor was -Reformers had for a long time felt that liquor was a prime cause of corruption including; crime, wife a prime cause of corruption including; crime, wife and child abuse, accidents on the job, and other and child abuse, accidents on the job, and other serious social problemsserious social problems-Support for prohibition came largely from the -Support for prohibition came largely from the south and the Protestants including groups such south and the Protestants including groups such as church-affiliated Anti-Saloon and The Women’s as church-affiliated Anti-Saloon and The Women’s Christian Temperance UnionChristian Temperance Union

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of LifeThe Volstead Act-The Volstead Act- Act that enforced the 18th amendment, Act that enforced the 18th amendment, named after Andrew Volstead and said that over .5 percent named after Andrew Volstead and said that over .5 percent alcohol or greateralcohol or greaterDrinkers obtained liquor illegally by going to hidden saloons Drinkers obtained liquor illegally by going to hidden saloons and nightclubs known as and nightclubs known as speakeasiesspeakeasies (because when inside (because when inside you spoke easily or softly to avoid detection) . These you spoke easily or softly to avoid detection) . These building were everywhere in penthouses, cellars, office building were everywhere in penthouses, cellars, office buildings, rooming houses, tenements, hardware stores, buildings, rooming houses, tenements, hardware stores, and tearooms.and tearooms.People started to distill alcohol and make their own. People started to distill alcohol and make their own. Religious and medical purposes!Religious and medical purposes!BootleggersBootleggers- smuggler’s practice of carrying liquor in the - smuggler’s practice of carrying liquor in the legs of boots (usually smuggled from Canada, Cuba, and legs of boots (usually smuggled from Canada, Cuba, and the West Indies).the West Indies).http://www.huffenglish.com/gatsby/speakeasies.html

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of LifeOrganized CrimeOrganized CrimeProhibition contributed to Prohibition contributed to organized crime in major organized crime in major cities.cities.Al Capone-Al Capone- Gangster of Gangster of Chicago who bootlegged Chicago who bootlegged over $60 million a year. over $60 million a year. 522 bloody gang killings in 522 bloody gang killings in the 1920’s. the 1920’s. By the mid 1920’s only 19 By the mid 1920’s only 19 percent of Americans percent of Americans supported prohibition. supported prohibition. Public felt it caused more Public felt it caused more problems rather than problems rather than solving them. In 1933 solving them. In 1933 Prohibition was repealed Prohibition was repealed by the 21st Amendment.by the 21st Amendment.

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Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of LifeScience and Religion ClashScience and Religion ClashFundamentalismFundamentalism- Protestant - Protestant movement grounded in a movement grounded in a literal or non symbolic, literal or non symbolic, interpretation of the bible. interpretation of the bible. They argued all important They argued all important knowledge could be found knowledge could be found in the bible and that the in the bible and that the bible was inspired by God bible was inspired by God and therefore its stories in and therefore its stories in all details were trueall details were trueCharles DarwinCharles Darwin- Theory of - Theory of Evolution (plant and animal Evolution (plant and animal species had developed and species had developed and changed over millions of changed over millions of years and that humans had years and that humans had evolved from apes)evolved from apes)

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of LifeThe Scopes TrialThe Scopes TrialMarch 1925 Tennessee passed the March 1925 Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution and the crime to teach evolution and the ACLU (American Civil Liberties ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) promised to defend any Union) promised to defend any teacher who challenged the law.teacher who challenged the law.John T ScopesJohn T Scopes (Dayton Tennessee) (Dayton Tennessee) read this a quote to his biology class read this a quote to his biology class “We Have now learned that animal “We Have now learned that animal forms may be arranged so as to forms may be arranged so as to begin with the simple one-celled begin with the simple one-celled forms and culminate with a group forms and culminate with a group which includes man himself” Scope which includes man himself” Scope was then arrestedwas then arrestedCharles DarrowCharles Darrow, most famous , most famous lawyer trial of the time, hired to lawyer trial of the time, hired to defend Scopesdefend ScopesScopes was found guilty and fined Scopes was found guilty and fined $100$100http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/08/2/l_082_01.html

Changing ways of LifeChanging ways of Life

Today……Today……

Still controversy over teaching of Still controversy over teaching of evolution in the classroomevolution in the classroom

1999 Kansas State School board 1999 Kansas State School board voted to eliminate teaching evolution voted to eliminate teaching evolution from the curriculumfrom the curriculum

The Twenties WomanThe Twenties WomanYoung Women change the Young Women change the RulesRulesFlappersFlappers- an emancipated - an emancipated young woman who embraced young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day.attitudes of the day.Examples: bright waistless Examples: bright waistless dresses above the knee, skin dresses above the knee, skin toned silk stockings, sleek toned silk stockings, sleek pumps, stings of beads pumps, stings of beads replaced the dark and prim replaced the dark and prim ankle length dresses, and pea ankle length dresses, and pea coatscoatsmore assertive young womenmore assertive young womensmoking and drinkingsmoking and drinkingtaking openly about sextaking openly about sexdanced many dances (fox trot, danced many dances (fox trot, tango, Charleston, etc..)tango, Charleston, etc..)changing attitudes towards changing attitudes towards marriage (equal relationship)marriage (equal relationship)

The Twenties WomanThe Twenties Woman

Double StandardDouble Standard- a set of principles - a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to granting greater sexual freedom to men than to womenmen than to women-Many people viewed the flapper as -Many people viewed the flapper as rebellious image rather than reality. rebellious image rather than reality. After WWI young men often courted After WWI young men often courted women (dated women they intended women (dated women they intended on marrying) however in the 1920’s on marrying) however in the 1920’s causal dating became acceptedcausal dating became accepted

The Twenties WomanThe Twenties WomanNew Roles for WomenNew Roles for WomenMore work opportunities- More work opportunities- some college women some college women turned to “women’s turned to “women’s professions” such as professions” such as teachers, nurses, teachers, nurses, librarians, and some librarians, and some women broke old women broke old stereotypes and started stereotypes and started flying airplanes, driving flying airplanes, driving taxies, and drilling oil wells.taxies, and drilling oil wells.-By 1930- 10 million -By 1930- 10 million women were earning women were earning wages (although few were wages (although few were managerial jobs)managerial jobs)

The Twenties WomanThe Twenties Woman

The Changing FamilyThe Changing Family-Lower Birth Rate due to wide -Lower Birth Rate due to wide availability of birth controlavailability of birth control-Technological innovations simplified -Technological innovations simplified household labor and family life with household labor and family life with ready-made clothes, sliced bread, ready-made clothes, sliced bread, and canned foods.and canned foods.-Women had to juggle the family life -Women had to juggle the family life with the working lifewith the working life

Education and Popular CultureEducation and Popular Culture

Schools and the Mass Media Shape Schools and the Mass Media Shape CultureCultureSchool Enrollments- 1914- 1 million School Enrollments- 1914- 1 million American Students by 1926- 4 million American Students by 1926- 4 million students which increased educational students which increased educational standards for jobsstandards for jobsteaching immigrant studentsteaching immigrant studentstaxes to finance schools increased taxes to finance schools increased (1920- $2.7 billion a year)(1920- $2.7 billion a year)

Education and Popular CultureEducation and Popular Culture

New Coverage expandingNew Coverage expanding

- increased literacy in America- increased literacy in America

- News papers hooked readers - News papers hooked readers by sensational stories/tabloidsby sensational stories/tabloids

- National chain news papers - National chain news papers established closing local onesestablished closing local ones

- Mass circulation of magazines - Mass circulation of magazines (Readers Digest/Time)(Readers Digest/Time)

Education and Popular CultureEducation and Popular Culture

Radio Comes of AgeRadio Comes of Age

-audiences tuned in to their every -audiences tuned in to their every day speech and radio was the most day speech and radio was the most powerful communication powerful communication

Example; presidential speeches and Example; presidential speeches and live world serieslive world series

Education and Popular CultureEducation and Popular CultureNew HeroesNew HeroesMoney spent for leisure activities (4.5 billion)Money spent for leisure activities (4.5 billion)Crossword puzzles/ gamesCrossword puzzles/ gamesSports heroes (Babe Ruth, Gertude Ederle, Helen Wills)Sports heroes (Babe Ruth, Gertude Ederle, Helen Wills)Lindbergh’s Flight (1st nonstop flight across the Atlantic Lindbergh’s Flight (1st nonstop flight across the Atlantic solo)solo)George Gershwin (jazz concert music composer)George Gershwin (jazz concert music composer)Georgia O’Keeffe (produced intensely colored canvases)Georgia O’Keeffe (produced intensely colored canvases)Sinclair Lewis (1st American to win the Nobel prize in Sinclair Lewis (1st American to win the Nobel prize in literature in his novel the literature in his novel the BabbittBabbitt))F. Scott Fitzgerald (term Jazz age, F. Scott Fitzgerald (term Jazz age, The Great Gatsby, and The Great Gatsby, and This Side of ParadiseThis Side of Paradise))Edna St. Vincent Millay (poet)Edna St. Vincent Millay (poet)Ernest Hemingway (Novel writer Ernest Hemingway (Novel writer The Sun also RisesThe Sun also Rises))

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem RenaissanceAfrican American Voices in the African American Voices in the 1920’s1920’sNAACP-NAACP- National Association for National Association for the Advancement of Colored the Advancement of Colored People led by People led by James Weldon James Weldon JohnsonJohnson fought legislation to fought legislation to protect African American Rights protect African American Rights (Antilynching organizations)(Antilynching organizations)Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey- immigrant from - immigrant from Jamaica felt African Americans Jamaica felt African Americans should build a separate society. should build a separate society. He founded the Universal Negro He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Improvement Association (UNIA) 1 mil followers by 1920. Left 1 mil followers by 1920. Left behind powerful legacybehind powerful legacy

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem RenaissanceNew York Harlem RenaissanceNew York Harlem RenaissanceHarlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance- a literary and - a literary and artistic movement celebrating artistic movement celebrating African American cultureAfrican American culture--Claude McKayClaude McKay- Novelist poet, - Novelist poet, Jamaican Immigrant, verses urged Jamaican Immigrant, verses urged African American to resist prejudice African American to resist prejudice and discriminationand discrimination--Langston HughesLangston Hughes- Best known - Best known African American PoetAfrican American Poet--Paul RobesonPaul Robeson-dramatic actor -dramatic actor ((OthelloOthello))--Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong- Jazz musician - Jazz musician (Henderson’s band of NY)(Henderson’s band of NY)--Edward Kennedy “duke” EllingtonEdward Kennedy “duke” Ellington- - Jazz Pianist/composerJazz Pianist/composer--Bessie SmithBessie Smith- female blues singer- female blues singer