The Road to the Civil War

The Road to the Civil War

Justice, simple justiceJustice, simple justiceJohn C. Calhoun from South Carolina demanded that slavery be allowed throughout the new territories

He argued that the North and South didnt have political equality any longer

Two Ways of LifeThe Norths economy was based on factories The North had miles of railroad trackThe North had miles of telegraphsThere was an ever increasing amount of immigrant workers coming inThey became voters opposed to slaveryCompetitionCould reduce the status of white workers who couldnt keep up

Two Ways of LifeThe Souths economy was based on agricultureThe South was ruralThe South had few railroads and relied on rivers for transportationIt relied on crops like cottonThere were few immigrantsThey were afraid ending slavery would produce a social and economic revolution

The Wilmot ProvisoThe Wilmot Proviso was part of a bill that said that slavery should never exist in any territory from the Mexican WarDivided Congress along sectional linesNorth supported feared adding new slave territories would upset the balanceSouth was against- feared power would shift to the NorthHouse of Representatives approved it the Senate denied it

Tensions RiseThe 31st Congress opened in December 1849 with a series of issues to settleCalifornia statehoodTexas claimed a large portion of New Mexico which was undecided on slaveryNortherners wanted slavery abolished in the District of ColumbiaSoutherners said the North wasnt enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793-The South threatened to secede

Tensions RiseFixing the NationHenry Clay wrote the Compromise of 1850- to settle all questions in controversy between the free and slave states, growing out of subject of SlaveryCalifornia admitted as free stateNew and more effective fugitive slave lawPopular Sovereignty- for the territories Federal Government would pay Texas $10 million to give up claim to New Mexico

Tensions Rise- Fixing the NationCalhoun and Webster DebateCalhoun was against the Compromise of 1850Webster supported itFor the first time Henry Clay and Webster worked togetherIt was rejected by the Senate in July

Tensions Rise- Calhoun Webster DebateStephen Douglas from Illinois took on the causeHe split the compromise up into sections so that senators could vote on each part individuallyPresident Taylor and Calhoun both died and there was less resistanceThe Compromise of 1850 was finally voted into lawTensions Rise- Calhoun Webster DebatePresident Fillmore said it was the final settlement on the issue.Tensions RiseThe Fugitive Slave ActNo trial by juryFugitives could not testify on their own behalfFederal commissioners that enforced the law were paid $10 for every alleged fugitive they returned but only $5 for if they freed themAnyone who helped an alleged fugitive could be fined $1,000 and put in jail for 6 months

Tensions RiseResisting the Fugitive Slave ActSome sent African Americans to CanadaPersonal liberty laws were passed in the NorthThey forbid the imprisonment of runaway slaves and gave them trials by juryThese trials would be drawn out

Tensions Rise- Resisting the Fugitive Slave ActThe Underground RailroadPeople would aid runaway slaves in their escape effortThis network of people would be called the Underground RailroadThe people who helped were called conductors

Tensions Rise- Resisting the Fugitive Slave ActHarriet Tubman was one of the most famousShe was an ex-runaway slave She made 19 trips totalThe slaves would travel by night with the aid of the North Starhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmsNGrkbHm4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk9VdtrI6yA

Tensions RiseUncle Toms CabinAn abolitionist named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a bestselling bookIt told the story of the life of a slaveIt made Northerners protest slavery moreSoutherners were mad about the book

Tensions RiseKansas- Nebraska Act i. Stephen Douglas wanted to divide the Nebraska territory into two territories ii. Douglas believed the slavery issue should be decided by popular sovereignty iii. Nebraska was north of the 36 30 line iv. Slavery in these areas would be illegal due to the Missouri CompromiseNortherners were against the bill and the South was for it iii. It was passed in May 1854

Tensions RiseBleeding Kansasi. A call was put out to settle Kansas by both proslavery and anti-slavery groupsii. In March 1855 a territorial election was heldiii. Men from Missouri (across the border) came into Kansas and voted illegallyiv. A proslavery government was set up in Lecompton

Tensions Rise- Bleeding KansasThe Sack of LawrenceAntislavery settlers started a town named LawrenceA grand jury said the men in Lawrence were traitorsA posse of 800 road into the town they burnt and destroyed many buildings

Tensions Rise- Bleeding KansasThe Pottawatomie MassacreJohn Brown was an abolitionist who heard about what happened in LawrenceHe and his men road into a proslavery town named PottawatomieThey took 5 men hacked off their hands and stabbed them with broadswordsThis led to more violence over 200 people were killed

Tensions RiseViolence in the Senatei. Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner delivered a speech on the Senate floor for two days attacking proslavery senatorsii. He attacked Andrew P. Butler from South Carolina and made fun of himiii. Butlers nephew Preston Brooks walked into the Senate and struck Sumner over the head with a cane repeatedly until the cane broke

New Political PartiesThe Know-Nothing PartyThey had secret handshakes, passwords, and were to answer questions with I know nothingThey were based on nativism Also known as the American Party

New Political PartiesRepublican PartyWanted to keep slavery out of the territories Were opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska ActAble to bring in support from very diverse groups

The Road to Seccession Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott was a slave whose owner had taken him to live above the 36 30 line for several yearsHis owner died after taking Scott back to MissouriScott stared a legal battle for his freedom saying that because he had lived in free land for a long time he should be free

The Road to Secession- Dred ScottSupreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney and the Supreme Court ruled Slaves do not have the rights of citizensHe was living in Missouri when he started his legal suit so he couldnt claim freedomThe Road to Secession- Dred ScottThe Missouri Compromise was unconstitutionalCongress could not forbid slavery as it was the right of the slave-owners to have property under the 5th amendmenthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OML9AVR10PQ

The Road to SecessionLincoln Douglas Debatesthe little giant or Douglas and Abraham Lincoln had a series of 7 debates in Illinois on slaveryDouglas was a Democrat and Lincoln a republicanLincoln believed slavery would not stop spreading without laws

The Road to SecessionDouglas believed with popular sovereignty slavery would go away on its ownLincoln said that popular sovereignty was an empty phraseDouglas replied with the Freeport DoctrineIt said that there were ways around the Dred Scott decisionDouglas won but the democratic party became split

Harpers Ferry, VirginiaThe Road to SecessionHarpers FerryJohn Brown wanted to start a slave uprisingOn October 16, 1859 he led 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry VirginiaHe wanted to get the weapons from the federal arsenal there and give them to slaves in the areaNo slaves came to town and the troops killed 12 of Browns men

The Road to Secession- Harpers FerryA detachment of marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee capture BrownBrown was tried for treason in Virginia and found guiltyOn December 2, 1859 Brown was hung Many called Brown a martyr John Brown stopped any hope of the North and South compromising on slavery

John Brown-A Martyr Made John Browns Body The tune was based on The Battle Hymn of the Republic, originally written by William Steffe about 1856. The new verses were created following the insurrection at Harper's Ferry, led by John Brown and carried out by a cadre of nineteen men on October 16, 1859.

DixieAuthorship is credited to Daniel Decatur Emmett, a native of Mount Vernon, Ohio, who was a member of a group called Bryant's Minstrels. But some believe "Dixie" was really a tune passed on to Emmett by a pair of African-American brothers born to parents who were slaves.

Emmett wrote such early American standards as "Turkey in the Straw" and "Blue-Tail Fly." Johnston reports that in 1859, while Emmett was living and performing in New York City, he was asked to write a new song. "Dixie" was the result. A hit in New York, it caught on across the country within a year.

Dixie"Dixie" wasn't meant to be serious. It was a minstrel tune, performed in blackface. But as war divided the nation, a song initially embraced by all sorts of Americans -- including the man trying to preserve the union -- became more and more identified with the South.

By 1862, the region had become popularly known as "Dixie," though a variety of elements apart from the song may have influenced the nickname.

It was one of President Lincolns favorite songs

The Road to SecessionThe Election of 1860There were three major candidates for presidentLincoln- RepublicanStephen Douglas- Democrat NorthJohn C. Breckinridge- Democrat South

The Road to SecessionBecause the Democratic party was split Lincoln wonHe received less than half of the popular voteHe didnt receive a single electoral college vote from the South- sectional support

The Road to SecessionSecessionThe South felt they had lost their political voice in the national government

The Road to SecessionSecessionThey were afraid the North would make the South payThey were afraid they would lose their way of lifeThey were afraid they would lose the slave labor system on which they dependedThey were afraid they had lost all of their rights

SecessionSecessionThe rallying cry was States RightsSouth Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas followed

north/south secession

Against SecessionFor SecessionSecessionThe Confederate States of America (CSA)On February 4, 1861 delegates from the secessionist states met in Montgomery, AlabamaThey formed the Confederacy and made a constitutionSlavery was protected and recognizedEach state was sovereign and independent

Secession- CSAOn February 9 Jefferson Davis was elected presidentHe believed the time for compromise was past

Secession- CSAPresident Buchanan did nothing and the nation waited

THE ENDOr the Beginning???