The Road to the The Road to the

AMERICAN AMERICAN REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

(CAUSES, EVENTS, (CAUSES, EVENTS, PEOPLE, AND PEOPLE, AND

BATTLES) BATTLES)

French and Indian War 1754

Disputes in the Ohio Valley between France and Great Britain

Many of the Native American tribes were allies with the French

Iroquois Indians were allies with the British

The French and Indians (Native Americans) fought the Colonists and British.

Fighting started in colonies and spread to Europe

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War Fierce fightingFierce fighting Spain also sided Spain also sided

with French -with French -17611761 England won England won the the

war in the colonies war in the colonies and overseasand overseas

The land held by the French and Spanish was redistributed after the war.

The 7 Years WarThe 7 Years War1756-17631756-1763

This is what the French Indian War This is what the French Indian War was called in Europewas called in Europe

War spread from colonies to the War spread from colonies to the worldworld

England owned England owned HUGE amount of HUGE amount of land-$$$land-$$$

War cost money, Great Britain had War cost money, Great Britain had debts to paydebts to pay

Treaty of Paris- end of Treaty of Paris- end of warwar The The western border western border of of

GA changed from GA changed from California to the California to the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

England- E of MS River England- E of MS River and Canadaand Canada

France- W of MS RiverFrance- W of MS River Spain- lose FL and Spain- lose FL and

gets Cubagets Cuba The southern border The southern border

changed to the St. changed to the St. Mary’s RiverMary’s River

Treaty of Augusta with Treaty of Augusta with the Creek the Creek tripled GA’s tripled GA’s sizesize

The Proclamation of 1763 Issued by King George Issued by King George

33 Goal was to prevent Goal was to prevent

more spendingmore spending Moved land/colonies’ Moved land/colonies’

bordersborders Told settlers where they Told settlers where they

could livecould live Changed colony shape Changed colony shape

and sizeand size

The Proclamation of 1763

Granted land recently won by England in the French and Indian War to the Native Americans.

Effectively shrank the land now granted to the colonies.

Used to prevent further conflict with Native Americans.

The Proclamation of The Proclamation of 17631763

No more settlers No more settlers were to move to were to move to the Indian's land the Indian's land west of the west of the Appalachian Appalachian Mountains. Mountains.

Settlers who were Settlers who were already living already living there had to there had to move back east. move back east.

How did the Proclamation effect

Georgia? Gained over 2 million acres of land Headright System- had of each family

given the right to 100 acres, an additional 50 acres for each family member

Brought many new settlers to Georgia Many brought slaves to farm the land Population grew rapidly- grew from

10,000 to 50,000 between 1766-1776

What else is going on in Georgia?

No longer worried about fighting the French, Spanish, or Native Americans

Change in society- wealthy planter families and shipping merchants were leaders of the colony

Growth of slavery Savannah considered the center of

the colony Some anger over mercantilism caused

smuggling

Cost of the French and Cost of the French and Indian WarIndian War

Sugar ActSugar Act

17641764 11stst act/tax by King George 3 to help act/tax by King George 3 to help

pay off war debtpay off war debt Taxed non-British imports- Taxed non-British imports- sugar,sugar, coffeecoffee, textiles, wine, indigo, textiles, wine, indigo.

Was stopped in 1765

Stamp ActStamp Act 1765 1765 All legal and commercial All legal and commercial

documentsdocuments had to have had to have the “official” the “official” stamp- stamp- got got stamp after paid taxstamp after paid tax

Contracts, playing cards, Contracts, playing cards, papers, pamphletspapers, pamphlets

expensiveexpensive Georgia was the only Georgia was the only

colony where the colony where the stamp was purchasedstamp was purchased

Response: Stamp Act Response: Stamp Act Congress 1766, tax Congress 1766, tax revokedrevoked

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

17671767 Was still meant to pay for the

French and Indian War. Taxed glass, paint, oil, lead, Taxed glass, paint, oil, lead,

paper, teapaper, tea Still no representation. Violent protests resulted Violent protests resulted Led to the Boston Massacre

Tea ActTea Act

17731773 Helped East India Tea CompanyHelped East India Tea Company Gave the company a monopoly

for selling tea in the colonies. Resulted in Boston Tea Party- Resulted in Boston Tea Party-

huge protesthuge protest.

The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Acts

Series of Acts- 1774:Series of Acts- 1774: 1-Boston Harbor is closed1-Boston Harbor is closed until the dumped until the dumped

tea has been paid fortea has been paid for 2-Revolutionary 2-Revolutionary groupsgroups such as the Sons of such as the Sons of

Liberty are Liberty are outlawedoutlawed and town meetings can and town meetings can only be held once a year, only be held once a year, self gov’t outlawed self gov’t outlawed or limitedor limited

3-Quartering Act 3-Quartering Act is passed – is passed – House and feed House and feed British soldiersBritish soldiers

THE BIG QUESTION: THE BIG QUESTION: http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10 172900001?bctid=1672039380

How did the Georgia colonists feel?

May colonists did not like the taxes imposed by Britain, but Georgia had been very prosperous and grown under British rule.

Merchants relied on British trade. Many colonists felt like they should be

able to take part in making the laws. Georgians also still feared attacks by the

Native Americans if they were not protected by Britain.

CAN YOU THINK OF OTHER REASONS?

1774

First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia- Georgia did not send a delegate

Why do you believe that Georgia was not present at the 1st Continental Congress

First Continental Congress

1774- Philadelphia Reps- all colonies except GA Passed resolves- intentions: Boycott all British trade until Intolerable

Acts repealed Told MA colonists- form gov’t and hold

all taxes until act repealed Encouraged colonists- arm selves- form

militias

Georgia’s Response to Georgia’s Response to the Actsthe Acts

NO delegates to the First Continental CongressNO delegates to the First Continental Congress Most Georgians followed old rulesMost Georgians followed old rules A A minority groupminority group of 30 men of 30 men metmet twice at Peter twice at Peter

Tondee’s Tavern Tondee’s Tavern about the Actsabout the Acts LIBERTY BOYS LIBERTY BOYS http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?

bctid=1697222356

GA felt needed to keep good relations with the GA felt needed to keep good relations with the British- military and economyBritish- military and economy

Lyman HallLyman Hall went as went as reprep for just for just ONE parish- ONE parish- present Effingham County NOT for whole colonypresent Effingham County NOT for whole colony

A Colony Divided

Loyalists- Colonists who supported Great Britain

Patriots- Colonists who supported the revolution

Even at the point of the first battle in the war for independence, many Georgians were undecided as to who they supported

The Shot Heard Round The Shot Heard Round the Worldthe WorldApril 1775April 1775

Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord were the first were the first battles of the Revolutionary Warbattles of the Revolutionary War

Colonists had to Colonists had to decidedecide whether they whether they were Loyalists (loyal to Britain) or were Loyalists (loyal to Britain) or Patriots (rebelled against Britain)Patriots (rebelled against Britain)

Loyalists were also called Tories Loyalists were also called Tories Patriots were also called WhigsPatriots were also called Whigs

Paul Revere’s HousePaul Revere’s House

Old North ChurchOld North Church

Boston North End- near Paul Boston North End- near Paul Revere’s HouseRevere’s House

Loyalists and Patriots in Loyalists and Patriots in GAGA

LoyalistsLoyalists (Tories) (Tories) most numerous in most numerous in GA- felt England was helping themGA- felt England was helping them QuakersQuakers and the and the SalzburgersSalzburgers Many in coastal Georgia since merchantsMany in coastal Georgia since merchants

Patriots (Whigs) hated the taxes Patriots (Whigs) hated the taxes imposed on themimposed on them ScotsScots around Darien, the around Darien, the JewsJews in in

SavannahSavannah Upcountry area, AugustaUpcountry area, Augusta

Moving Towards Independence

The Second Continental Congress 1775

Reps met in Philadelphia and voted to cut off trade with GA because of its early actions and lack of action.

A Continental Army is created and George Washington is General.

GA and the 2nd Continental Congress

3 representatives to be sent to Philadelphia.

Georgia joined the other colonies and :

1-boycott of British goods and 2-threatened to declare independence

if not given rights as Brit citizens

Decision of Independence

Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence

Georgia delegates signed the Declaration Lyman Hall Button Gwinnett George Walton

July 4, 1776, Congress adopted the document

August 2, 1776, Congress signed the document

Button Gwinnett

Planter who was elected to Georgia’s Commons House of Assembly in 1769

Joined the Continental Congress in 1776

Helped pass Georgia’s first constitution in 1777, and was appointed Georgia’s Commander in Chief

Died May 19, 1777 In a dual with another military leader

George Walton

Patriot- Very active in the revolutionary government

Captured by British in Savannah in 1778 1779 released and elected Governor of

colony Served again as representative in congress In early years of republic, he served as

Chief Justice of Georgia, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, part of the electoral college, governor, US Senator, and justice of state superior court.

Lyman Hall Owned plantation in Georgia Elected to Continental Congress

•involved in provisioning food and medicine for the Revolutionary Armies •Fled to Connecticut when his property was burned by British and he was accused of High Treason•returned to Georgia in 1782, to reclaim his lands, was elected to the House of Assembly in 1783 and then elevated to the office of the Governor

Georgia Takes Action

Nobel W. Jones and Joseph Habersham led a group of Patriots in stealing 600 pounds of “royal” gunpowder in Savannah.

Governor Wright sent a letter to England requesting more troops, but the South Carolinians intercepted it and sent a fake letter saying things were okay in GA.

Provincial Congress

Fighting In Georgia Battle of the Rice Boats – Took place in the

Savannah Harbor-PATRIOTS burned rice boats to keep the British from getting the rice-Caused Gov. Wright to leave for England

Siege of Savannah (Battle of)– The British troops captured Savannah, Sunbury, Midway and then Augusta-The Creek helped them gain control of Georgia SAVANNAH UNDER ATTACK: http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1672104368

Battle of Kettle Creek – Patriots with Colonels Elijah Clarke and Austin Dabney, along with General Nathaneal Greene defeated the Loyalist militia at Augusta,

small battle, showed Patriot power

Important People of the Revolutionary War Era

Austin Dabney – Free man of mixed parentage – Fought at Kettle Creek and was wounded – Revolutionary War hero, 1st Black to own land in GA

Nancy Hart – Held 5-6 British soldiers or Tories at gunpoint in her house – Hart County is named for her and is the only county in GA named for a woman

THE NANCY HART STORY http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1672039382

More famous More famous Georgians…Georgians…

Nathaneal and Caty GreeneNathaneal and Caty Greene ElbertElbert Elijah ClarkeElijah Clarke Lighthorse Harry LeeLighthorse Harry Lee

End of the War British General Cornwallis was defeated

at the Battle of Yorktown- last battle Colonel Elijah Clarke led GA and SC

troops in taking back Augusta, which led to the British leaving Savannah

The signing of the Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolution

1783

Creating a GovernmentCreating a Government

FOR THE COUNTRY:FOR THE COUNTRY: ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1778ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1778

FOR THE STATE:FOR THE STATE: FIRST GEORGIA CONSTITUTION 1777FIRST GEORGIA CONSTITUTION 1777

Articles of Confederation

First form of a constitution Button Gwinnett helped in writing

them Congress could declare war, sign

treaties, deliver mail, and create money

States had the most power but only one vote each in Congress

Weaknesses of the Articles

Congress could not collect taxes, so it couldn’t pay for the war

Congress could not control trade or enforce laws

Congress could not pay the soldiers, so they gave many of them land instead

Shay’s Rebellion showed that the Articles needed to be revised

Constitutional Convention of 1787

This convention was held to write a new Constitution

2 Georgia reps who signed Constitution:

1-Abraham Baldwin and 2-William Few

GA’s State Constitution

Georgia’s first constitution set up a unicameral legislature (1 house)

Georgia’s second constitution set up a bicameral legislature (2 houses)

The bicameral consists of a Senate and a House of Reps. Also, GA set up 3 branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive