the road to revolution: (1770-1776)
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The Road to Revolution: (1770-1776). AP US HISTORY SOUTH LAUREL. Most English colonists were glad to be part of the British Empire. Life was good and the American colonies had the highest standard of living in the world!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Most English colonists were glad to be part of the British Empire. Life was good and the
American colonies had the highest
standard of living in the world!I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Salutary neglect
• Period of time between 1713-1763 where the colonies saw little/no intervention by England in colonial affairs– Sir Robert Walpole--believed colonies
should be left alone; best for England– Colonies developed self-reliance and
effective organization– 13 separate colonial governments
emerged– Americans became used to managing
their own affairs w/o government interference
I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• American Revolutionary War is also known as the War for Independence, 1775-1783– We were 3000 miles away from England
“Distance weakens authority, great
distance weakens authority greatly”
WHAT IS mercantilism
• Belief that WEALTH was power
• An economic system in which a “mother country” attempts to establish colonies for the benefit of the mother country– Mother country tries to sell more than it
bought and keep all the money in the family
– All European countries at this time used mercantilismI CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
Goals/purposes of mercantilism
1. Ensure British naval power2. Colonies provide raw materials3. Colonies a market for British goods4. Keep all the money in the British
Empire
I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
In order to ensure
England’s wealth, all
colonial purchases had
to be purchased with “hard money”
I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
Enumerated articles
• Certain products (like tobacco) that were forbidden to be sold anywhere but to England
I CAN DEFINE WHAT ENUMERATED ARTICLES ARE
Navigation laws
• Navigation Law of 1650--laws passed to enforce the mercantilist system– First enacted in 1650– Goal was to stop Dutch shippers
involved in American trade– Not enforced well early on
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS
To avoid much of the parts of the Mercantilist system, colonists resort
to smuggling
JOHN HANCOCK--#1 smuggler, “King of All Smugglers”, wealthy
businessmanI CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS
1763 marked a new era of relations between
England and the colonies
George grenville
• Prime Minister who first began the effort to get colonial America to help pay
King george III
• King of England during the Revolutionary War
British debt was huge! Lots of debt from the
French and Indian War. British want the colonies to pay 1/3rd
of maintaining protection in the
America’sI CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
Sugar act1764
• Sugar Act of 1764– First law ever passed for raising tax
revenue in the colonies– Created resentment, then anger died
down
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
• Quartering Act of 1765– Required certain colonies to provide
food and quarters for British troops
• Stamp Act of 1765– To raise money to support military force
in colonies– Mandated the use of stamped paper or
stamps showing payment of tax
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
Admiralty courts
• ADMIRALTY COURTS– Similar to military courts– No juries allowed– Guilty until you could prove innocence
Trial by jury and “innocent until proven
guilty” historic BRITISH RIGHTS
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
• Many colonist felt as thought they didn’t have representation on tax matters– Denied the right of Parliament, in which
NO AMERICANS served, to impose taxes on them
• Grenville’s Response?– VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION
• Every member of Parliament represented ALL BRITISH persons, even American colonists!!
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Colonial actions to the stamp act
• Stamp Act Congress of 1765– Brought together in NY City 27
delegates from 9 colonies– Drew up a statement of grievances
(complaints)– Begged King and Parliament to repeal
act– Significance was began COLONIAL UNITY
• NonImportation Agreements– All will NOT buy or trade with England
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
violence
• Sons of Liberty/Daughters of Liberty– Enforced
nonimportation agreements
– Used “tar and feathers”
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Did it work?
• England was hit hard– Hundreds of English workers out of work– Want Parliament to do away with Stamp
Act
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Declaratory act
• Passed with repeal of Stamp Act
• Said Parliament had the right to do WHATEVER it wanted with the colonies
LINES IN THE SAND WERE DRAWN!
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
CHARLES TOWNSHEND
• New PM after Grenville
• Known as “Champagne Charley” (liked his adult beverages!)
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
TOWNSHEND ACTS
• Light tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea– Paid at the ports instead of directly by the
colonists– Thought that would go OK for colonists
• Problems?– Colonists felt powerful after repeal of Stamp
Act– Money to pay royal governors and judges in
America• Colonists had control of money and could control
these• BUT, if this happened, they COULD NOT control them!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
• Solutions?– NONIMPORTATION again, but not as
successful
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Nicknames for britishsoldiers
1. Redcoats2. Bloodybacks3. Lobsterbacks
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Boston massacre1770
• 60 townspeople against 10 Redcoats
• British were being provoked
• The Redcoats fired, wounding and killing 11 townspeople
• Crispus Attucks was the first person to die in this massacre
• Famous picture painted by Paul Revere
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Lord North
• Took over after Townshend
• A “yes” man to King George!
Samuel Adams• “Engineer of the
Revolution” or “Penman of the Revolution”– Master at propaganda– Kept the tensions with Great
Britain high
• Created in Massachusetts COMMITTEES of CORRESPONDENCE– These were men who wrote
letters from one town to another in Mass.
– Soon it became intercolonial– The colonists would exchange
letters and build resentment against the British.
Boston tea party1773
• Govt tried to help British East India Tea Company by giving them a monopoly on free trade
• Several “tea parties” occurred resulting in the burning of ships and tea
• In Boston, the colonists boarded all three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor
• EFFECT? The British passed the Intolerable Acts
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Intolerable Acts1774
• Also known as the Coercive Acts
• Intolerable Acts said…1. The Port of Boston was to be closed
until the damages paid for2. Restricted town meetings3. New stronger Quartering Act4. If any English soldier killed an
American, he would be tried in England
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Quebec act1774
• QUEBEC ACT– Not really a
punishment on Boston, but happened at the same time
– Extended the borders of Quebec all the way down to the Ohio River Valley
– Colonists fear Catholicism and French Canadian threat again!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Colonial reaction to quebec act
• Set a dangerous precedent– No representative assemblies and
denials of jury trials---NO WAY!!
• Upset land settlers who were wanting to move into the area
• Aroused anti-Catholics who thought area was marked for Protestantism
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
1st continental congress• Met b/c of the INTOLERABLE ACTS
• Colonies send their representatives to Philadelphia to form a Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts in 1774
• Created a document called “The Association”
• No real desire yet for independence
• Called for a boycott of British made goods
• Would meet again in 1775 if conditions with Britain did not get better
• Main goal was to try and negotiate with King George and Parliament
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
• After the Boston Tea Party the British send more troops to enforce the Intolerable Acts.
• The British sent troops mainly to get our gunpowder and to seize Sam Adams and John Hancock.
• Colonial militias prepare for war.
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
minutemen
• Citizens who could on a moments notice be prepared to defend their country
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Paul revere andwilliam dawes
• Rode on horseback to notify Minutemen British had arrived!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Battle of lexington and concord 1775
• Known as the “shot heard around the world”
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
• British searching for stolen weapons–
“search and seizure”• Stopped at Lexington
and encountered 56 Minutemen
• Minutemen stood up for what they
believed was their land
SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Americans
• 90 dead wounded or capturedBritish
• 250 dead, wounded, or captured
• Minutemen engage British troops at Concord Bridge.
• British find some weapons at Concord.
• British return to Boston, 5,000 Minutemen attack
British troops.
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Englands strengths
1. Population2. Money3. Navy4. Support of Natives
I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
American strengths
1. Outstanding leadership2. Economic aid from France3. Defensive military tactics work4. Able to produce enough food5. Great marksmen6. Moral advantage--just cause
I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
British weaknesses
1. Distance to the colonies2. Size of America3. Poor leadership4. American only had to tie, British
had to win
I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
American weaknesses
1. Poorly organized for war2. Jealousy among colonies3. Economic difficulties4. Military challenges5. Morale low/greedy profiteers6. Only select few committed to cause
I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Army
Leaders
Geography
Navy
Will to Fight
Approximately 12 million
Highly developed
Richest country in the world
Large, well trained army plus Hessians
Few officers capable of leading
Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops
Naval world power
Trained soldiers---but no heart
Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England.
Practically none
No $$$ to support the war
Volunteers, poorly equipped
Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders
Familiar land, easy access to supplies
No navy
Defending homeland---will to fight
Factors Great Britain United States
Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.
The Americans
The British
Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.
Marquis de Lafayette
• Youthful French officer who gave America not only military service, but also $200,000 of his own money
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Baron von stueben
• Drillmaster who whipped the Army into shape
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Three famous African American’s who helped
colonies1. Peter Salem2. Salem Poor3. Prince Whipple
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Around 1/3rd of the colonists
supported the Revolution, 1/3rd
supported the British, and 1/3rd were apathetic!