THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

1763-1775

KEY TERMS

BOYCOTT: REFUSAL TO BUY

KEY TERM

MILITIA: AN ARMY OF ORDINARY CITIZENS

KEY TERM

MINUTEMAN: COLONIAL MILITIA(CITIZEN SOLDIER); NEEDED TO BEREADY AT A MINUTE’S NOTICE

KEY TERM

ARTILLERY: CANNONS & LARGE GUNS

The EnlightenmentTime when natural rights philosophers like John Locke encouraged thinking. Locke is quoted in both Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.

The French & Indian War1754-1763

Conflict over disputed Ohio Valley.

Spread to Europe - known as the Seven Years War

Forced the French and the British to send troopsand supplies to their American colonies

Great Britain = winner, yet, the war caused debt

TIGHTER BRITISH CONTROLPROCLAMATION OF 1763: IN RESPONSE TOPONTIAC’S REBELLION, KING GEORGE IIIFORBADE THE COLONISTS FROM SETTLING

WESTOF THE APPALACHIAN MTS; 10,000 BRITISHSOLDIERS ENFORCED THE PROCLAMATION

COLONISTS’ RESPONSE: ANGERED; SOME IGNORED THE ORDERROLE OF GENERAL THOMAS GAGE: CONCENTRATED SOLDIERS IN NY TO RUSH TO “HOT SPOTS” ALONG THE FRONTIER

Proclamation of 1763

REQUIRED THE COLONIES TO QUARTER (HOUSING & SUPPLIES) FOR BRITISH SOLDIERS

QUARTERING ACT OF 1765

QUARTERING ACT

TAXING THE COLONIES

2 REASONSWAR DEBT$ TO KEEP SOLDIERS ON THE FRONTIER

SUGAR ACT OF 1764:

TAX ON SUGAR & MOLASSES

STAMP ACT 1765:

TAX ON PAPER PRODUCTS (DIPLOMAS, NEWSPAPERS, LEGAL DOCUMENTS, ADVERTISEMENTS, PLAYING CARDS ETC.)

COLONIAL RESISTANCE: RALLY CRY, NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!”

STAMP ACT CONGRESS, NYC, 1765

DREW UP A PETITION PROTESTING THE STAMP ACT; DECLARED THAT THE RIGHT TO TAX BELONGED TO THE COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES, NOT TO PARLIAMENT!

SONS OF LIBERTY & DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY

SECRET SOCIETIES; MOST WERE LAWYERS, MERCHANTS & ARTISANS; STAGED PROTESTS, BURNED STAMPED PAPER, TARRED & FEATHERED CUSTOMS OFFICIALS LEADER – SAM ADAMS

STAMP ACT

PARLIAMENT’S RESPONSE:

DECLARATORY ACT “FUNERAL OF THE STAMP ACT”:CANCELLED THE STAMP ACT IN 1766;DECLARED PARLIAMENT’S RIGHT TOLEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES “INALL CASES WHATSOEVER.”

FUNERAL OF THE STAMP ACT

WHAT IS THE MAN 4TH IN LINE CARRYING?HOW DOES THE CARTOON PICTURE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT?

WHAT SYMBOLS ARE USED TO SHOW THE DEATH OF THE STAMP ACT?

TOWNSHEND ACTS OF 1767

TAX ON GLASS, PAPER, PAINT, LEAD, & TEA; HAD TO BE PAID IN GOLD OR SILVER

E. WRITS OF ASSISTANCESEARCH WARRANT GIVING BRITISHOFFICERS UNLIMITED SEARCH RIGHTSFOR SMUGGLED GOODS

 BELIEVED THAT THE WRITS OF ASSISTANCE WERE AGAINST THE LAW OF NATURE

THE LAW OF NATURE TEACHES, “NO ONE OUGHT TO HARM ANOTHER IN HIS LIFE, LIBERTY, OR POSSESSIONS.”

John LockeJames Otis

THE BOSTON MASSACRE MARCH 5, 1770

PRECURSOR: ARRIVAL OF REDCOATS TO

BOSTON; COMPETED FOR COLONIAL JOBS

BOSTON MASSACRE CONT…SPARK: GANG OF YOUTHS & DOCKWORKERS

THREW SNOWBALLS, STICKS & STONES AT REDCOATS; TAUNTING ONE ANOTHER: “LOBSTERS” & “YANKEES”

RESULTS:SOLDIERS FIRED & 5 MEN DIED INCLUDING CRISPUS ATTUCKS, RUNAWAY SLAVE; 1ST CASUALTY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

SOLDIERS’ PUNISHMENT:

ARRESTED FOR MURDER,DEFENDED BY JOHN ADAMS &JOSIAH QUINCY, JR.; ACQUITTED

The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul

Revere, 1770

What Is Wrong With This Picture?

The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul

Revere, 1770

PROPAGANDA

The soldiers are all being ordered to fire by their commander. From the testimony at the trial, we know that the firing was not ordered.

The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770

The crowd is shown unarmed and defenseless. In fact, the crowd threw snowballs and many carried clubs.

What Is Wrong With This Picture?

Big Mac & Boston Massacre

THE TEA ACT OF 1773

CHEAPER THAN SMUGGLED TEA EVENWITH THE TAX; COLONIAL SHIPPERS &MERCHANTS ENRAGED BECAUSE THEBRITISH EAST INDIA CO. WOULD SHIP

&SELL THE TEA THEMSELVES

PARTY LIKE IT’S 1773!

BOSTON TEA PARTY

TOOLS OF PROTESTS: BOYCOTTS

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, 12/16/1773WHO? SONS OF LIBERTY LED BY SAM ADAMSWHAT OCCURRED? SONS OF LIBERTY, DRESSED AS MOHAWKS, BOARDED A BRITISH EAST INDIA CO. SHIP & THREW 342 CHESTS OF TEA INTO BOSTON HARBOR

PARLIAMENT’S RESPONSE:

THE INTOLERABLE ACTSCLOSED PORT OF BOSTON UNTIL TEA WAS

PAID FORRESTRICTED REPRESENTATIVE

GOVERNMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS; GEN. THOMAS GAGE APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS

BRITISH COMMANDERS COULD HOUSE TROOPS WHEREVER NECESSARY

BRITISH OFFICIALS STOOD TRIAL IN BRITAIN RATHER THAN THE COLONIES

THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS,

1774

WHO? = DELEGATES FROM EVER COLONY BUT GEORGIA

WHERE?: PHILADELPHIAGOALS:

BAN BRITISH GOODSBEGIN TRAINING SOLDIERS

BETWEEN WAR & PEACE

COMMITTEE OF SAFETY;POWER TO CALL OUT MILITIA IN MASSACHUSETTS

GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!

THE COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE: COMMUNICATION WITH NEIGHBORINGCOLONIAL LEADERS

John Hancock Patrick Henry

THE REVOLUTION BEGINS

SAMUEL ADAMS ORGANIZED: SPY NETWORK TO WATCH BRITISH ACTIVITIES

GENERAL GAGE LEARNED FROM HIS SPIES: MINUTEMEN WERE STORING GUNS IN CONCORD, MA.

HIS ORDERS: DESTROY THE SUPPLIES & ARREST HANCOCK AND ADAMS

THE MIDNIGHT RIDE

PAUL REVERE, WILLIAM DAWES AND DR. SAMUEL PRESCOTT: “THE REDCOATS ARE COMING!” – SENT TO SPREAD THE NEWS OF BRITISH TROOP MOVEMENTS

RESULTS: REVERE WAS CAPTURED; LET GO WITHOUT HIS HORSE

LEXINGTON & CONCORD 04/19/1775

LEXINGTON: BRITISH ORDERED MINUTEMEN TO LAY DOWN THEIR ARMSRESULTS: WITHIN MINUTES, 8 COLONISTS LAY DEAD; THE BRITISH MARCHED TO CONCORD & DESTROYED THE SUPPLIESWHO LINED THE ROAD FROM LEXINGTON TO\

CONCORD? 4,000 MINUTEMENRESULTS: BRITISH RETREATED TO BOSTON

“SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD”

THE CONTINENTAL ARMY IS FORMED

FORT TICONDEROGAMAY 10, 1775

WHO? GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS (VT) LED BY BENEDICT ARNOLD & ETHAN ALLEN

WHAT? SEIZED BRITISH FORT & ARTILLERY

WHERE? ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN

SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, MAY 10,

1775

WHO? JOHN ADAMS, SAM ADAMS, JOHN HANCOCK, BEN FRANKLIN, GEORGE WASHINGTON, PATRICK HENRY, ETC.

WHERE? PHILADELPHIACONTINENTAL ARMY LEADER:

GEORGE WASHINGTON

THE BATTLE OF BUNKER (BREED’S) HILL, JUNE, 1775

WHAT HAPPENED: PATRIOTS MOVED TO OCCUPY THE PENINSULA NEAR BOSTON; TURNED INTO AN ARMED CAMP

COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT’S ORDERS: “DON’T FIRE TILL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THEIR EYES!”

BRITISH GENERAL WILLIAM HOWE:BRITISH GENERAL; WITH 2200 MEN FORMED ASSAULT LINES; RETOOK BREEDS HILL & BUNKER HILL AFTER 2ND ATTEMPT (PATRIOTS HAD RUN OUT OF GUN POWDER)

WINNER: THE BRITISH

LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE

OLIVE BRANCH PETITION, JULY 1775:CONGRESS SENT LETTER TO LONDONBEGGING KING GEORGE III TO STOPWAR; HE REFUSED  RESULT: WASHINGTON MOVED HIS ARMYTO DORCHESTER HEIGHTS & BOMBARDEDBOSTON IN JANUARY 1776; BRITISH FLED!

PUSH FOR INDEPENDENCE

Common SenseThomas Paine, 1776

JANUARY 1776; POPULAR 46 PAGE

PAMPHLET CALLING FOR INDEPENDENCE!

THE VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS BY RICHARD HENRY LEE

COLONIES SHOULD BECOME INDEPENDENTSTATES, FORM FOREIGN ALLIANCES, JOINTOGETHER IN A CONFEDERATIONTHE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,

JULY 4,1776JEFFERSON’S BEST-KNOWN PASSAGE:

“ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL”WHO WERE “THE PEOPLE:” FREE WHITE

MENCUT FROM THE FINAL DOCUMENT:

PASSAGE CONDEMNING THE SLAVE TRADE