The Rise of RussiaThe Rise of Russia

Gunpowder EmpireGunpowder Empire

An empire using military An empire using military power to conquer and control power to conquer and control

neighboring regions.neighboring regions.

Ivan the GreatIvan the Great

Ruled from 1462-Ruled from 1462-1505 1505

Successfully Successfully overthrew the overthrew the Tatars (Mongols)Tatars (Mongols)

United RussiaUnited Russia

Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible

Ruled Ruled 1547-1584 Grandson of Ivan III 1st Tsar of Russia Began eastward

expansion of Russia Used handpicked

militia to rape, loot, burn, kill and torture in the Tsar's name

Michael Romanov Michael Romanov

The Times of Trouble (1598-1613) The Times of Trouble (1598-1613) Ruled from 1613 to 1645Ruled from 1613 to 1645 Founder of the Romanov dynasty, Founder of the Romanov dynasty,

which ruled Russia until 1917 which ruled Russia until 1917 Brought peace to RussiaBrought peace to Russia

Peter the GreatPeter the Great

Ruled 1682-1725Ruled 1682-1725 Worked to Worked to

westernize Russiawesternize Russia Parliamentary Parliamentary

GovernmentGovernment Moved capitol to Moved capitol to

St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg

Reforms of Peter the GreatReforms of Peter the Great

invited the best European engineers, invited the best European engineers, shipbuilders, architects, craftsmen shipbuilders, architects, craftsmen and merchants to come to Russiaand merchants to come to Russia

sent 100’s of Russians to Europe to sent 100’s of Russians to Europe to be educatedbe educated

Participated in Baltic Sea tradeParticipated in Baltic Sea trade Built a navyBuilt a navy Established that each Tsar may Established that each Tsar may

choose his successorchoose his successor

Russian EconomyRussian Economy

Agriculture, mining, & metal worksAgriculture, mining, & metal works Serfdom: subject to taxation, owed Serfdom: subject to taxation, owed

labor services to lords and the labor services to lords and the government, were later sold into government, were later sold into manufacturingmanufacturing

Traded with central Asian nomadsTraded with central Asian nomads Merchants devalued Merchants devalued

What were the What were the similarities and similarities and

differences of the differences of the development of the development of the Russian empire from Russian empire from 1480 to 1800 and the 1480 to 1800 and the expansion of theexpansion of the West West

during the same during the same period.period.

Russia & EuropeRussia & Europe

Both expansions were based on Both expansions were based on military superiority over less military superiority over less technologically advanced peoples. technologically advanced peoples.

There were economic zones along There were economic zones along frontiers and a colonial system, frontiers and a colonial system, incorporating ethnic diversity incorporating ethnic diversity resulted. resulted.

Russia & EuropeRussia & Europe Russian expansion was different because the Russian expansion was different because the

Russians created a land-based empire; they Russians created a land-based empire; they lacked a mercantile fleet and had only a lacked a mercantile fleet and had only a limited military navy. limited military navy.

The Russians failed to achieve economic The Russians failed to achieve economic parity with Western empires, and they did not parity with Western empires, and they did not cause a demographic disaster similar to the cause a demographic disaster similar to the European impact on the Americas and European impact on the Americas and Polynesia. Polynesia.

The Russians did not establish the same The Russians did not establish the same economic dominance over frontiers as did the economic dominance over frontiers as did the West. West.

Russia & EuropeRussia & Europe

They failed to develop merchant classes They failed to develop merchant classes and the state, unlike the West, was in and the state, unlike the West, was in charge of capitalizing ventures. charge of capitalizing ventures.

Russian retention of an estate agricultural Russian retention of an estate agricultural system was more typical of dependent system was more typical of dependent economic zones than of Western core economic zones than of Western core regions. regions.

They retained a coercive labor system, They retained a coercive labor system, depended upon the export of raw materials, depended upon the export of raw materials, and imported manufactures and luxuries. and imported manufactures and luxuries.

What was the impact ofWhat was the impact of WesternizationWesternization in in Russia during the Russia during the seventeenth and seventeenth and

eighteenth centuries? eighteenth centuries? Did the process overcome the Did the process overcome the

separation of Russia and the West?separation of Russia and the West?

WesternizationWesternization of Russiaof Russia

Westernization introduced Western art forms; Westernization introduced Western art forms; Peter the Great mandated Western dress styles. Peter the Great mandated Western dress styles.

Western political organization was utilized to Western political organization was utilized to establish an effective tsarist autocracy, although establish an effective tsarist autocracy, although grants of local authority to the nobility under grants of local authority to the nobility under Catherine the Great reduced the ability of the Catherine the Great reduced the ability of the central government to control the masses of the central government to control the masses of the people. people.

Although the economy remained largely Although the economy remained largely agricultural, economic reforms enabled the agricultural, economic reforms enabled the development of industry essentially devoted to development of industry essentially devoted to military production (mining and metallurgy). military production (mining and metallurgy).

Economic development was based on the Economic development was based on the increasing exploitation of a peasant labor force. increasing exploitation of a peasant labor force.

WesternizationWesternization of Russiaof Russia

Westernization failed to overcome the separation Westernization failed to overcome the separation between Russia and the West because the between Russia and the West because the reforms affected only the nobility and did not reforms affected only the nobility and did not make complete changes among them. make complete changes among them.

The masses continued to rely on the Orthodox The masses continued to rely on the Orthodox Church to supply primary cultural influence. Church to supply primary cultural influence.

Social organization remained typical of large Social organization remained typical of large estate agricultural systems. estate agricultural systems.

Unlike the Western development of a proletariat Unlike the Western development of a proletariat less tied to the land, Russia maintained a rigid less tied to the land, Russia maintained a rigid serfdom. serfdom.

Russia actually was drawn into the global trading Russia actually was drawn into the global trading network as a dependent zone. network as a dependent zone.