the rise of rome - professormgvaladez.com€¦ · the columbian exchange "columbian...
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Topics
• Week 13
–Review: Americas
–Writing Assignment #3
–Mongols • Writing Assignment #4 next week
• How is the Mongol civilization similar and different from other cultures?
• How did the conquest of most of the Eurasian continent facilitate cultural exchange?
–Paper Due (May 9) See website
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1507 Map = Amerigo Vespucci
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Columbus’ Voyages
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The Columbian Exchange "Columbian exchange" movement of plants, food,
crops, diseases and people
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• Origins
Theories concerning peopling of the Americas
• Crossing of land bridge (Bering Strait)
• Australian Origin
• Native beliefs
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Mesoamerica • The term Mesoamerica – literally, “middle America“
in Greek
• The term was coined by Paul Kirchhoff, UCLA.
• Olmecs first complex culture
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Similarities in Mesoamerica
• Mesoamerica means Middle America
• Sedentary cultures
• Cultivation of maize
• 260 day ritual calendar
• A number system base on the number 20
• writing system
• Forms of sacrifice
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Olmecs Pre-Classic 1500 B.C.E to 200 C.E.
• Olmecs spoke possibly a “Mayan” tongue
• Ceremonial Centers: San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes
• Worship: Jaguar revered as the supreme god
• Political organization: authoritarian
• Olmec Legacy: ball game, calendar, practice of human sacrifice, and hieroglyphic writing system.
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San Lorenzo: Olmec Heads
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Olmec exhibit at LACMA 2010
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Olmec Cascajal Slab 1990s 62 characters, 1000 B.C.E (San Andres)
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La Venta
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Tres Zapotes
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Were-Jaguars
Oxtotitlan Cave, Guerrero
http://www.famsi.org/spanish/research/grove/section06.htm
Cipactli (feathered serpent)
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Secrets of the Ancients The Olmecs BBC
12mins
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU82oGdU7fY
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Molcajete y tejolote
Metate y mano (mortar & pestle)
4000 B.C.E.
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Mayan City-State =Cah • Society
• Calendar System
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Dresden Codex Nahuatl: Quetzalcoatl
Mayan: Kulkulcan
•information on rainy seasons, floods, illness and medicine.
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2006 Apocalypto
• Apocalypto Sacrifice Scene • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG8WqEyXIyc
Tlactli Ball game
Article
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Discussion Questions
• Pgs237-238 in Sources of World Societies
• When was it written? Who is the author?
• What do we know about the author? Possible bias?
• What is the religious significance of the ball game?
• How are the winners of the ball game rewarded?
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Classic Maya collapse theories Engineering an Empire - The Maya – pt1
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GavXBTWZP2g&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48A C752F6B61D&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=30
•Pt2
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO92JYfVBEw&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=31
•Pt3
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmWS9XxcLlc&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=32
•Pt4
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGvfJCM0Q1o&feature=PlayList&p=ECF48AC7 52F6B61D&index=33
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Sun Pyramid in Teotihuacán
Built over several centuries, this pyramid remained the largest structure in
the Americas until after the Spanish arrived.
Sun Pyramid in Teotihuacán
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Quetzalcoatl in Teotihuacan The deity Quetzalcoatl represented in Teotihuacan
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Duality:
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Zapotecs
• Monte Alban (500 B.C.E)
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–1200 B.C.E. Poverty Point emerges on the Mississippi River, LA
–Cahokia –1200 C.E., largest city until Philly 1800
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The Aztec Migration from Aztlan 1111?
The Boturini Codex was painted by an unknown Aztec author some time between 1530 and 1541.
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Huitzilopochtli
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Codice Durano/Dresde
Founding of T enochtitlan 1325
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Aztecs Tenochtitlan 1325 capital
• Aztec Empire 1428-1521 – Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
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The Aztec Stone of the Five Eras
• Unearthed 1790
• Solar deity Tonatiuh
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Tribute List from Codex Mendoza
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• Altepetl: ethnic-city state, society • Social Structure
– Huey Tlatoani – Macehualli (commoners) – Tlacotli (slaves) – Oztomeca (spies)
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The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán
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These city-states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico
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Aztec Punishments
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New Fire Ceremony
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V. The Incas
A. Earlier Peruvian Cultures
B. Inca Imperialism and Its Religious Basis
C. The Clan-Based Structure of Inca Society
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Topics
• Week 13
Americas
–Writing Assignment #3 Thursday
–Define the term Mesoamerica and describe its characteristics. How are cultures in the Americas similar and different from the cultures in the eastern hemisphere?
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–Mongols • How is the Mongol civilization similar and different from other
cultures?
• How did the conquest of most of the Eurasian continent facilitate cultural exchange?
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I. Central Asian Nomads
A. Nomadic Society
1. Conflicts
B. The Turks
C. The Mongols
D. Mongol Daily Life
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II. Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire
A. The Chinggis Khan
1. Temujin
2. Great Ruler
B. Chinggis’s Successors
1. Ögödei
2. Khubilai Khan
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III. East-West Communication During the Mongol Era
A. The Movement of Peoples
B. The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas