The Rise of The Rise of IslamIslam

The Crescent The Crescent moon had become moon had become a symbol for Islam. a symbol for Islam. It is associated It is associated with the new with the new moon that begins moon that begins each month with each month with the Islamic Lunar the Islamic Lunar CalendarCalendar

GeographyGeographyArabian PeninsulaArabian Peninsula

Hot, dry, west-coast – Hot, dry, west-coast – mountains, desert mountains, desert conditions.conditions.

How would it affect the How would it affect the development of society, development of society, trade, economics and trade, economics and culture?culture?

Most settlements Most settlements were on the coast.were on the coast.

Trade by boatsTrade by boatsProbably wouldn’t go Probably wouldn’t go through peninsula, through peninsula, there’s nothing there’s nothing there!there!

Oasis – small strip of Oasis – small strip of fertile land in the desertfertile land in the desert

Water was Water was

a luxury!!a luxury!!

Early people living Early people living on the Arabian on the Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula

Desert nomads who Desert nomads who were organized by were organized by tribes and clans tribes and clans (kin- related clans)(kin- related clans)

BedouinsBedouins

ShaykhsShaykhs – leader – leader of a Bedouin Tribeof a Bedouin Tribe

Free warriorsFree warriors - - carried out carried out dictates of dictates of Shaykhs; families Shaykhs; families made up majority made up majority of clanof clan

Slave FamiliesSlave Families – – remnants of rival remnants of rival clans defeated in clans defeated in warwar

Clans constantly Clans constantly fought each other fought each other over water, honor, over water, honor, etc.etc.

Important stop along Important stop along the trade routesthe trade routes

Location of Ka’abaLocation of Ka’abaFounded by Founded by Umayyad clan of the Umayyad clan of the Ouraysh tribe house Ouraysh tribe house of worshipof worship

MeccaMecca

House of worshipHouse of worshipClans would call a Clans would call a truce (no fighting)truce (no fighting)

Religious shrine of Religious shrine of 360 idols – Allah was 360 idols – Allah was referred by some as referred by some as supreme god.supreme god.

Ka’abaKa’aba

Poetry – oral traditionPoetry – oral traditionRole of women – Role of women – enjoyed greater enjoyed greater freedom and higher freedom and higher statusstatus

Religion – blend of Religion – blend of animism/polytheism animism/polytheism (little to do with ethics)(little to do with ethics)

CultureCulture

Muhammad (570-Muhammad (570-632)632)Born into Born into

merchant family in merchant family in MeccaMecca

OrphanedOrphanedMarried a wealthy Married a wealthy widowwidow

Meditated on Meditated on wealthy and wealthy and poor poor

Revelations Revelations became his became his teachingsteachingsVS.

Quran – holy book Quran – holy book Converted people; wife Converted people; wife was 1was 1stst convert. (slow convert. (slow start)start)

622CE Moved to 622CE Moved to Medina – “city of the Medina – “city of the prophet” This journey prophet” This journey came to be known as the came to be known as the HijrahHijrah

630 – Muhammad returns to Mecca with his followers and destroys all of the gods in the Ka’aba

Madinahs and Madinahs and BedouinsBedouins = first = first community of community of MuslimsMuslims

Military = Military = conquered neighborsconquered neighbors

MonotheisticMonotheisticAllah – supreme creatorAllah – supreme creatorProvided hope for Provided hope for afterlifeafterlife

Muhammad is not Muhammad is not divine (as Jesus is)divine (as Jesus is)

The Teachings of The Teachings of MuhammadMuhammad

To follow Allah’s will, To follow Allah’s will, you must follow the 5 you must follow the 5 pillars of Islam.pillars of Islam.What are they? What are they? Islam is a way of life – Islam is a way of life – shari’ah – set of shari’ah – set of practical laws for daily practical laws for daily lifelife