The Rise of Islam

Section 1The Rise of Islam

Location Origin: Mecca

MECCA

The Arabs

• Lived in the Arabian Peninsula• Organized tribes to help one another• Each tribes ruled by a Sheikh• Ancestors Abraham and Ishmael built the Kaaba • Supreme God is Allah

The Prophet Muhammad

• Parents died at an early age • Married a wealthy elderly woman named

Khadija• Believed to have met a Christian monk

who spoke to him about becoming the great prophet of Allah

The Revelation

• Travels to cave to meditate on Mt. Hira

• Received first revelation from the Angel Gabriel

• Revelations formed the Quran

Hijrah

• Journey of Mohammed and his followers to Medina

• Occurred in 622• Year one in the official Islam calendar• Received support from Bedouins

• desert Arabs

Islam

• Monotheistic• Created Shari’ah

• Religion is not separate from law

• Created the five pillars of faith

Five Pillars of Faith

• Confess: There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet

• Pray five times a day• Give alms to the needy• Purify self through fasting• Pilgrimage to Mecca

Section 2The Arab Empire and

Its Successors

Caliph

• Head of Islam (like a pope)• Abu Bakr

• Successor of Muhammad

• Ali, Muhammad’s son in law • Next in line to rule after Abu death

The Umayyads

• In 661, Mu’awiyah became caliph• Made caliphate hereditary to his own family

• He established the Umayyad Dynasty• Moved the capitol from Madinah to

Damascus

Umayyad Conquests

• Conquered the Berbers in 8th Century• By 725, Spain became a Muslim state• Defeated by the Byzantines

Umayyad Revolt

• Revolt led by Hussein • Lost revolt;

outnumbered • Split Iraq into two

groups

• Sunni Rulers• Accept Umayyad as

rulers

• Shiite rulers• The descendants of Ali

as true rulers of

Abbasid

• Overthrew Umayyad dynasty• Built new capital city at Baghdad• 9th Century Harun al-Rashid ruled greatly

• Period of growth and prosperity• Empire Declined corrupted by money

The Seljuk Turks

• Nomadic people from central Asia• 1055 captured Baghdad command of the empire

• Sultan or holder of power

• Defeated the Byzantines in 1071• Took over the Anatolian Peninsula

The Mongols

• Pastoral people came from Gobi in 13th Century• Destructive conquests• In 1258 seized Persia and Mesopotamia• In 1258 seized Baghdad• The new center of Islam, Cairo in Egypt

Section 3Islamic Civilization

Islamic World

• Extensive trade by ship and caravan • Trade between Morocco and Caspian Sea• Many people stilled lived of the land

Role of the Cities

• Trade shifted to Cairo• Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus center of activity• Bazaar, covered market,• Cordoba

• Europe's largest city after Constantinople

The Islamic Society

• Lived life according to Allah’s teachings in the Quran

• Everyone considered equal• Slaves

• Served in the army• Recruited from Asia

The Role of Women

• Quran granted women equality • Men dominated Muslim society• Women had many rights• The culture of women having to cover their body

was common in cities

Section 4The Culture of Islam