the rise of dictators the axis powers the debate at home declaring war how does democracy differ...
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The Rise of DictatorsThe Axis Powers
The Debate at homeDeclaring War
• How does democracy differ from communism and socialism?
• What were the causes for WWII?• Who were the leaders for the Axis and Allied
powers?• How did the attack on Pearl Harbor change the
American public’s view of entering into WWII?
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Rise of the DictatorsJust like the United States, most of the
world was stuck in an economic depression. People had lost
confidence in their governments and believed that things would never get better. People turned to new leaders who promised to make their troubles
disappear.
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People were so desperate for a change, they were even willing to give up their freedom. This led to the rise
of dictators in several countries. A dictator is a leader who gains complete
control of a country’s government.
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Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Germany in 1933. Hitler and his
political party, called the Nazi party, believed in fascism. This is a form of
government which individual freedoms are denied and complete power is given to the government. Hitler
believed that Germans were superior to other people.
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Hitler spoke of hatred for many groups. He particularly attacked Jewish people.
Benito Mussolini took power in Italy in the early 1920’s and promised to attack and
conquer other countries.
In Japan, a small group of military leaders came to power. They planned to use force
to build a massive empire in East Asia.
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The Axis Powers
Hitler and Mussolini signed a treaty agreeing to support each other. Japan joined this alliance and they became
known as the Axis Powers.
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The world watched as the Axis Powers went on the attack. Italy invaded
Ethiopia and made it a colony. Japan invaded China and Germany took
control of Austria and Czechoslovakia.
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In 1939 German forces prepared to invade Poland. The leaders of Britain and France decided it was time to try
and stop Hitler. Britain and France became known as the Allied Powers
and promised to protect Poland.
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Hitler ignored the Allied Powers and rushed into Poland. In response
Britain and France declared war on Germany. Thus the beginning of World
War II.
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The German military was very successful in the early years of World
War II. After defeating the Poland army, the German army moved west.
Hitler’s massive army quickly conquered nearly all of Western
Europe. France fell to Germans in June 1940. Now Britain stood alone to fight
against the Axis.
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The Debate at Home
Americans read of the war in the newspapers. German planes were pounding London and other British
cities. Winston Churchill, the leader of the British government, had to move
his offices underground. Churchill urged President Roosevelt to help
Great Britain.
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Most Americans wanted to stay out of the fighting. They remembered the
horrors of WWI. Also the country was still suffering from the Great
Depression. Many Americans wanted their government to focus on the
troubles at home. This lead to strong support of isolationism.
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FDR and Congress declared that Great Britain would borrow military supplies it needed to fight the Axis. The US did
not ask for payment for the military supplies.
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Declaring War
Like Germany, Japan had great military success in the early years of WWII. Japanese forces controlled much of China and Southeast Asia. The US
spoke out against Japanese expansion. This lead to tension between the
Japanese and the US.
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The military leader of Japan, Hideki Tojo, believed that the US was
standing in the way of Japan’s goals. Tojo and other Japanese leaders
decided to attack.
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On the morning of December 7, 1941 Japanese planes bombed the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japanese bombs sank many American warships and destroyed hundreds of American planes. More than 2,300 American soldiers, sailors, and civilians were
killed.
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People who were isolationists were suddenly calling for war against Japan.
On December 8 FDR and Congress declared war on Japan. Germany and Italy quickly declared war on the US. The US was now one of the Allies.
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How does democracy differ from communism and socialism?
What were the causes for WWII?
Who were the leaders for the Axis and Allied powers?
How did the attack on Pearl Harbor change the American public’s view of entering into WWII?