the right to decide in democracy between recentralisation and independence at the regions quarterly...

4
]~~yS JLOPFLQQK dhUegYe_j ‘U[Uk]aY bZ g\Y A# (743-?#+9,6;0/9#,6.#’/,96361# 36#)/1376,4#%/>/4785/6<# A#B/#)74/#70#&7>/965/6<;# 36#(9757<361#$4=;</9; A#*-7<<3;2#)/0/9/6.=5#@#<2/#(7;<;-938< 4,* 60-)* 0+ 4,* .*.(*23,-1 /0 $’&! $"#% -335* %

Upload: dr-igor-calzada-mba

Post on 08-Jul-2015

436 views

Category:

Government & Nonprofit


1 download

DESCRIPTION

2014 is going to be remembered as one of the most ‘experimental’ years in order to put direct democracy into practice by the right to decide (López 2011) by small nations (Keating 2014), in reference to their nation-states (Ohmae 1995). While, the 18th September was the date of the independence referendum for the future of the UK and Scotland, the 9th November, is already uncertain whether or not the right to decide via consultation will take place in Catalonia.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Right to Decide in Democracy between Recentralisation and Independence at the REGIONS Quarterly Magazine Nr 296 Winter 2014

]~~yS JLOPFLQQK

dhUegYe_j

`U[Uk]aY bZ g\Y

A# (743-?#+9,6;0/9#,6.#'/,96361#36#)/1376,4#%/>/4785/6<#

A# B/#)74/#70#&7>/965/6<;#36#(9757<361#$4=;</9;

A# *-7<<3;2#)/0/9/6.=5#@#<2/#(7;<;-938<

4,*60-)* 0+4,* .*.(*23,-1

/0 $'&! $"#% -335* %

Page 2: The Right to Decide in Democracy between Recentralisation and Independence at the REGIONS Quarterly Magazine Nr 296 Winter 2014

� � "'&*�� � � �� "&+�)�� � � � '% % �&+�� &� �� � � � +�

)

?^db_TeSdY_^0./2# cm# aicha# ni#

\_#l_g_g\_l_^#[m#

ih_# i`# nb_# gimn#

v_ r j _ l c g _ h n [ f w#

s _ [ l m # c h # n _ lg m#

i`# jonncha# ^cl_]n#

^_gi]l[] s # chni#

jl[]n c]_# nblioab#

nb_# _r _l]cm_# i`# nb_# lcabn# ni# ^_]c^_#

(I� j_t *#0.//)#\s #mg[ff#h[ncihm#(H_[ncha*#

0./2)#qcnb#l_`_l_h]_#ni#nb_cl#h[ncih+

mn[n_m# (Lbg[_*# /773),# Lh# nb_# /6 nbnb

P_jn_g\_l#nb_#go]b#^cm]omm_^#P]inncmb#

ch^_j_h^_h]_#l_`_l_h^og#]ih]_lhcha#

nb_#`onol_#i`#nb_#RH#[h^#P]inf[h^#q[m#

b_f^9#biq_p_l*#qbcf_#nb_#7nbnb#Kip_g\_l#

b[m#\__h#jlipcmcih[ffs #m_n#`il#[#]ihmofn[+

ncih#jli]_mm#ni#n[e_#jf[]_#ch#@[n[fihc[#

ih#nb_#lcabn#ni#^_]c^_*#[n#nb_#ncg_#i`#

qlcncha#nbcm#[lnc]f_*#ch#L]ni\_l#qbc]b#

cm#domn#ih_#gihnb#jlcil#ni#nbcm#^[n_*#cn#

cm#[fl_[^s #oh]_ln[ch#qb_nb_l#il#hin#nbcm#

qcff#b[jj_h,#

Jil_ip_l*# [#af[h]_#[n# nb_#]oll_hn#

Bolij_[h#l_acih[f#]igj[l[ncp_#^_\[n_*#

qbc]b#q_#g[s #`l[g_#[m#[#]ihnchoiom#

n_hmcih#\_nq__h#l_]_hnl[fcm[ncih#[h^#

ch^_j_h^_h]_# ch# l_f[ncih# ni# h[ncih+

mn[n_#\il^_lm*# l_p_[fm# nb[n*#qbcf_# nb_#

RH# Dip_lhg_hn# f_a cn cg cm_^# nb_#

P]inncmb#Dip_lhg_hn# [h^# mojjiln_^#

nb_#P]inncmb#Fh^_j_h^_h]_#l_`_l_h^og#

[m#\_cha#[#bcabfs #^_gi]l[nc]#_r _l]cm_*#

Pj[ch# mnc f fm# mn[h^m# ion# [m# l_g[chcha#

hilg[ncp_fs #ch` f_r c\f_#qcnbion*#mi#`[l*#

_p_h#]ihn_gjf[ncha#[hs #h[ncih+mn[n_#

l_+m][ f f cha# jli]_mm# (?l_hh_l*# 0..2)#

[h^*#ch^__^*#qcnbion#[jj[l_hnfs #b_[l+

cha# nb_# ]f[cgm#i`# mg[ff#h[ncihm# mo]b#

[m#@[n[fihc[#[h^#nb_#?[mko_#@iohnls #

`il#nb_#cgjf_g_hn[ncih#i`#[#^_fc\_l[+

ncp_#^_gi]l[nc]#jli]_mm#mcgcf[l#ni#nb_#

P]inncmb#l_`_l_h^og,#

Fn# cm# ch# nbcm#]ihn_r n# nb[n# nbcm# [lnc+

]f_#chn_h^m#ni#mb_^#mig_#fcabn#ih#nb_#

^_\[n_#nblioab#[h#[h[fs mcm*# `lig#nb_#

^_gi]l[nc]#j_lmj_]ncp_*#i`# nb_# mcgc+

f[lcnc_m#[h^#^c``_l_h]_m#\_nq__h#nbl__#

mg[ff#h[ncihm#qcnb#l_`_l_h]_#ni#nb_cl#

l_mj_]ncp_#h[ncih+mn[n_m,#Fh#nbcm#l_a[l^#

q_#l_`_l#ni#P]inf[h^*#@[n[fihc[#[h^#nb_#

?[mko_#@iohnls #[m#mg[ff#h[ncihm#[h^#

nb_#RH#[h^#Pj[ch#[m#nb_cl#l_`_l_hnc[f#

h[ncih+mn[n_m,

Qbcm# [l nc]f_# a[nb_lm# nia_nb_l# nb_#

jl_fcgch[l s # ]ih]fomcihm#i`# [#\_h]b+

g[lecha# mno^s # i`# _cabn# ]cn s +l_acih#

][m_m#]ih^o]n_^#\s #g_#[h^#`oh^_^#\s #

Fe_l\[mko_# [h^# nb_# OP># (m__# qqq,

]cns l_acihm,ila),#Qb_#jlid_]n#][n_ailcm_m#

`iol#i`#nb_m_#][m_m#[m#h[ncih[fcmnc]#]cns +

l_acihm#z #nb_#?[mko_#@iohnls #(Pj[ch)*#

P]inf[h^#(RH)*#@[n[fihc[#(Pj[ch)#[h^#

F]_f[h^#z #[h^#nb_#l_g[chcha#`iol#][m_m#

[m# hih+h[ncih[f cmn c]# ]cn s +l_acihm# z #

Ao\fch#(Fl_f[h^)*#Milnf[h^#(Ll_aih)*#

Ll_moh^#(A_hg[le#[h^#Pq_^_h)#[h^#

Icp_ljiif-J[h]b_mn_l# (RH),# Qbcm#

[lnc]f_# `i]om_m#ih# nbl__#h[ncih[fcmnc]#

]cns +l_acihm#nb[n#` cn#qcnb#nb_#][n_ails #

i`# mg[ff# h[ncihm# (m__#@[ft [^[*# 0./2*#

bnnj8--qqq,jimnch^_j_h^_h]_,ila),#

, 979BHF5 @=G5H=CB�J9FGIG�89JC@IH=CB�� �=B89D9B89B79Bmn[\fcmb_^# h[ncih+mn[n_m# [l_# ch]l_[m+

chafs # \_cha# `il]_^# ni# l_nbche# nb_cl#

n_llcnilc[f#gi^_f#\s #^_pifpcha#jiq_lm,#

>m#H_[ncha#(0./2)#[lao_m*#vafi\[fcm[ncih#

[h^#Bolij_[h#chn_al[ncih#b[p_#_h]iol+

[a_^#nb_#l_+_g_la_h]_#i`#[#h_q#]cpc]#

h[ncih[fcmg#qcnbch#_mn[\fcmb_^#h[ncih+

mn[n_mw,# @ihm_ko_hnfs *# ]cn s +l_acih[f#

mg[ff#h[ncihm# [l_# nls cha# ni# ` ch^# nb_cl#

viqhw#jf[]_#ch+\_nq__h#nb_cl#l_`_l_hnc[f#

h[ncih+mn[n_m#[h^#mojl[h[ncih[f#\i^c_m#

mo]b#[m#nb_#BR,#

Eiq_p_l*#_mn[\fcmb_^#h[ncih+mn[n_m#

[l_#`[]cha#nbcm#^_g[h^#ch#p_ls #^c``_l+

_hn#q[s m,# Fh#j[lnc]of[l*#q_# ][h# ` ch^#

l_g[le[\f_# ^c` `_l_h]_m# \_nq__h# nb_#

RH#[h^#Pj[ch#s _n*#^_mjcn_#nb_m_*#oh^_l#

hi#]cl]ogmn[h]_m#mbiof^#nb_#l_]_hnfs #

_g_la_^-h_q#]cn s +l_acih[f#il^_l# \_#

`ilainn_h,#Qb_#h_q#il^_l# mbiof^# \_#

J>;�, ?! ". �. E�� ;8?9; ?D?D�� ;CE8H683 �7;7;JM;;D

H;8;DJH6B?I6J?ED 6D9�#D9;F;D9;D8;��-8E8EJB6D9�� 6J6BED?6

6D9�. ";�� 6I6IGK;K;�� EKDJHO

#;CF�� 5 @N585 �) L:CF8�/ B=J9FG=HM�/ %

=;IF9�� ���� CA D5 F=B;�H<F99�7=HM F9;=CB5 @�GA 5 @@�B5H=CBG��-7CH@5B8�� 5H5 @CB=5�5B8�H<9�� 5GEI9�� CIBHFM

J^daRT3 fff'RXchaTVX^]b'^aV

=;IF9�� ��P� 9B7<A 5F? =B;�� =HM , 9;=CBG�69MCB8�( 5H=CB -H5H9GQ

.BHE68��fff'RXchaTVX^]b'^aV

Page 3: The Right to Decide in Democracy between Recentralisation and Independence at the REGIONS Quarterly Magazine Nr 296 Winter 2014

� '% % �&+�� &� �� � � � +�� � � "'&*�� � � �� "&+�)�� � �

*

n[e_h# m_lciomfs # nblioab#j[s cha#]fim_#

[nn_hncih#ni#cnm#^_gi]l[nc]#^cg_hmcih#

[h^#ni#nb_#]f_[l#n_llcnilc[f#[h^#jifcnc+

][f#]ihm_ko_h]_m#`il#nb_#]cns +l_acih[f#

mg[ff#h[ncihm#chpifp_^#\on#[fmi*#gimn#

cgjil n[hn fs *# `il# nb_c l# l_`_l_hn c[ f#

h[ncih+mn[n_m#[h^#`il#nb_#BR#[m#[#qbif_*#

[m#[h#cgjfc][n_^#mojl[h[ncih[f#\i^s ,

Qb_#RH#[h^#P]inf[h^#cgjf_g_hn_^#

nb_# lcabn# ni#^_]c^_# nblioab# nb_#/6nbnb

P_jn_g\_l#ch^_j_h^_h]_#l_`_l_h^og,#

Qb_# l_mofnm# mbiq_^# [#33&# vKiw#pin_#

p_lmom# [# 23&# vV_mw# pin_# `il# P]inncmb#

c h^_j_h^_h]_ * # q cn b# ^_pi +g[ r #

l_p_[f_^#ni#\_#nb_#]bic]_#i`#[#g[dilcns ,#

K_p_lnb_f_mm*# nb_# l_`_l_h^og# f_^# ni#

mcahc` c][hn#a[chm#ch#l_a_h_l[ncha#fi][f#

^_gi]l[]s *# l_chpcail[ncha# jif cnc][ f#

^_\[n_#[h^#chcnc[ncha#[#l_+_p[fo[ncih#i`#

P]inf[h^wm#l_f[ncihmbcj#qcnb#nb_#RH,#

@ihmc^_lcha#nb_m_#mbc`nm*#cn#g[s #\_#nb[n#

nb_#^_pifoncih#jli]_mm#`il#P]inf[h^#b[m#

ihfs #domn#\_aoh,

Lh# nb_# inb_l# b[h^*# Pj[ ch# [h^#

@[n [ fih c[# ([h^# [ f mi# nb_# ?[mko_#

@iohnl s )# [l_# `[l# `lig# ]b[hh_f f cha#

[hs # [al__g_hn# nb[n# qiof^# `[]c f c+

n[n_# ^_fcp_l s # i`# nb_# lcabn# ni# ^_]c^_,#

Colnb_lgil_*# Pj[ch# l_g[chm# ^_n_l+

gch_^#ni#l_]_hnl[fcm_#nb_#h[ncih+mn[n_#

[h^# m__gm# ni# l_a[l^# ^_`_h^cha# nb_#

@ihmncnoncih#[m#nb_#ihfs #ao[l[hn__#i`#

^icha#mi,#Eiq_p_l*#g_[hqbcf_#h_cnb_l#

nb_#]f[cgm#i`# nb_#@[n[f[hm#hil# nbim_#

i`# nb_#?[mko_m# [l_#\_cha# fcmn_h_^# ni#

[h^#ch^_j_h^_hncmg#cm#]ihnchocha#ni#

a[nb_l#[^pi][n_m,#

=B5 @�F9A 5 F? G��� CA D5 F=B;�-7CH@5 B8�� 5H5 @CB=5 �5 B8�H<9�� 5 GEI9�� CIBHFM

?_fiq*#F#jlipc^_#[#\lc_`#^_m]lcjncih#

i`#_[]b#i`#nb_#mg[ff#h[ncihm#]ih]_lh_^#

b_l_#qcnb#l_`_l_h]_#ni#cnm#h[ncih+mn[n_8#

(m__#Q[\f_#/)8

Fh# P]in f[h^*# nb_# ch^_j_h^_h]_#

ijncih# q[m# [al__^# ih# \s # \inb# nb_#

l_acih[f#P]inncmb#aip_lhg_hn#[h^#nb_#

?lcn cmb# aip_lhg_hn,# Qb_# ion]ig_#

jl_m_hn_^#[h#ionmn[h^cha#f_p_f#i`#]cnc+

t _h#_ha[a_g_hn,#Eiq_p_l*#[fnbioab#

nb_#mg[ff#g[lach#q[m#ch#`[piol#i`#hi#

ch^_j_h^_h]_*#nb_#l_`_l_h^og#m__gm#

ni# mcah[f# nb_# \_achhcha# l[nb_l# nb[h#

nb_#_h^#i`#[#]cns +l_acih[f#^_pifoncih#

jli]_mm#`il#P]inf[h^#([h^#j_lb[jm#[fmi#

`il#inb_l#v?lcncmbw#mg[ff#h[ncihm),

@[n[ fih c[ *# ih# nb_# inb_l# b[h^*#

l_p_[fm# [# ]igjf_n_fs # ^c` `_l_hn# mcno[+

ncih9#nb_#Pj[hcmb#@ihmncnoncih[f#@ioln#

b[m# momj_h^_^#[#]ihmofn[ncih#jli]_mm#

ih#nb_#@[n[f[h#ch^_j_h^_h]_#l_`_l_h+

^og*# jligjncha# 7..# gohc]cj[fcnc_m#

ni#a[nb_l#ch#L]ni\_l#ch#`[piol#i`#nb_#

]ihmofn[ncih,#?s #nb_#ncg_#nbcm#[lnc]f_#

cm#jo\fcmb_^*#q_#qcff#ehiq#qb_nb_l#il#

hin#cn#q[m#ofncg[n_fs #b_f^,#O_a[l^f_mm#

i`#nb_#_p_hnwm#i]]oll_h]_#[h^#cnm#ion+

]ig_*#cn#mbiof^#[n#f_[mn#bcabfcabn#nb_#

f[]e#i`#^_gi]l[nc]#`l[g_qile#ni#^_[f#

qcnb#[#]f[cg#nb[n#cm#mojjiln_^#\s #gil_#

nb[h#5.&#i`#@[n[fihc[,###

Cch[f fs *# nb_#?[mko_#@iohnl s #jl_+

m_hnm# [# h_q# [h^# jimcncp_# ]ihn_r n,# >#

^_g[h^#`il#[#l_`_l_h^og#cm#\ioh^#ni#

i]]ol#miih_l#il#f[n_l#[m#[#]ihm_ko_h]_#

i`# nb_# ip_l]igcha# i`# nb_# jifcn c][ f#

pcif_h]_# nb[n# ^igch[n_^# nb_# jl_pc+

iom#_l[,#Qb_#g[ch#cmmo_#`il#[hs #mo]b#

l_`_l_h^og*#biq_p_l*#cm#nb_#]ihncho_^#

f[]e#i`#jl_j[l[ncih,#Colnb_lgil_*#nb_#

l_acih#g[s #g__n#nb_#m[g_#^c`` c]ofnc_m#

[m#nbim_#`[]_^#\s #@[n[fihc[#l_a[l^cha#

Pj[chwm#ch` f_r c\f_#jimcncih,

HUVUbU^SUc?l_hh_l*#K,#(0..2)#) 8J�FG4 G8�FC4 68F�R �0 E54 A �

:BI8EA 4 A 68�4 A 7�G;8�E8F64 ?<A : �B9�FG4G8;BB7*#

Lr `il^8#Lr `il^#Rhcp_lmcns #Ml_mm,

@[ft [^[*#F,#(0./2)#+BFG$A 78C8A 78A GM<4 ��

!?P]@iP]XZ?^]P>PaP,#(qqq,

jimnch^_j_h^_h]_,ila)#P[h#P_\[mnc� h8#

Ql[hmfie[f#jo\fcmbcha,#([p[cf[\f_#[n#

qqq,nl[hmfie[f,]ig)#

D_h_l[fcn[n#^_#@[n[fohs [#(0./2)#2 ;<G8�

+4 C8E�BA �/ ;8�) 4G<BA 4?�/E4 A F<G<BA �B9�

� 4 G4 ?BA <4 ��D_h_l[fcn[n#^_#@[n[fohs [,#

A_j[lng_hn#i`#nb_#Ml_mc^_h]s *#

?[l]_fih[,#([p[cf[\f_#[n8#qqq,

][n[f[haip_lhg_hn,_o)#

E_llm]b_f*#Q,#(0./2)#� <G<8F�.G4G8�4 A 7�

"?B54 ?<F4 G<BA ��� <GLE8:<BA 4?�"BI8A 4 A 68�

<A � HEBC8�4 A 7�) BEG;� @ 8E<64 #Lr ih8#

Oionf_^a_,

H_[ncha*#J,#[h^#E[lp_s *#J,*#(0./2)#.@ 4??�

A 4 G<BA F�<A �4 �5<: �JBE?7��2 ;4 G�.6BG?4 A 7�64 A �

?84 EA �B^ch\olab8#Io[nb#Ml_mm,

I� j_t *#G,#(0.//)#x Clig#nb_#lcabn#ni#m_f`+

^_n_lgch[ncih#ni#nb_#lcabn#ni#^_]c^_8#>#

jimmc\f_#j[l[^cag#mbc`n#ch#nb_#mnloaaf_#

`il#nb_#lcabnm#i`#mn[n_f_mm#h[ncihQ �

, H4 78EA F�78�- 868E64 *#Ki#2,#Kip_g\_l*#

?[l]_fih[8#RKBP@L@>Q,

Lbg[_*#H,#(/774)#/ ;8�8A 7�B9�G;8�A 4 G<BA �

bcPcT*#K_q#Vile8#Cl__#Ml_mm#Mo\fcmb_lm,

P]inn*#>,*#>ah_q*#G,*#Pid[*#B,#[h^#Pnilj_l*#

J,#(0../)#x Dfi\[f#]cns +l_acihmy *#

ch#>,#P]inn#(_^,)#"?B54 ?�6<GLE8:<BA F��

/E8A 7F�G;8BEL�CB?<6L#jj,#//z 1.,#Lr `il^#

Rhcp_lmcns #Ml_mm*#Lr `il^,

Qb_#P]inncmb#Dip_lhg_hn#(0./1)#.6BG?4 A 7OF�

!HGHE8��3 BHE�"H<78�GB�4 A �$A 78C8A 78A G�

.6BG?4 A 7��2 ;<G8�+4 C8E��P]inncmb#

Dip_lhg_hn*#B^ch\olab ([p[cf[\f_#[n8#

qqq,m]inl_`_l_h^og,]ig)#

� F� #;CF� � 5 @N5 85 # cm# [# O_m_[l]b#

C_ffiq*#I_]nol_l#[h^#Mifc]s #>^pcm_l#

[n# nb_# Conol_# i`# @cnc_m+@LJM>P*#

Rhcp_lmcns #i`#Lr `il^#(RH)*#Fe_l\[mko_#

(Pj[ ch)# [h^# ?clgchab[g# >mnih#

Rhcp_lmcns #(RH),#E_#cm#[h#OP>#B[lfs #

@[l__l#Dl[hn#bif^_l#qcnb#qqq,]cns l_+

acihm,ila#jlid_]n,

XV^a'RP[iPSP6R^\_Pb'^g'PR'dZ

;^T^_dUc/ #A[n[#l_f[n_#ni#nb_#?[mko_#@iohnls #

mc^_#ch#Pj[ch,#Qb_#Cl_h]b#mc^_#cm#hin#

l_jl_m_hn_^#ch#nb_m_#` caol_m,

0 bnnj8--qqq,hs ncg_m,]ig-0./2-.6-.4-

qilf^-_olij_-][n[f[h+pin_+m__h+[m+n_mn+

`il+m_j[l[ncmnm+ch+_olij_,bngf

@cns +l_acih[f#mg[ff#h[ncih Mijof[ncih#ch#Jcffcihm

(K[ncih+Pn[n_#&)

DAM#]ihnlc\oncih#

l_f[n_^#ni#K[ncih+Pn[n_#(&)

P]inf[h^ 3,1#(6) 7

@[n[fihc[ 5,3#(/4) /7/7

?[mko_#@iohnls / 0,0#(3,3) 4

J56@9�� ��� =HM F9;=CB5 @�GA 5 @@�B5H=CBGQ�DCDI@5H=CBG�5B8�=9F9F

.BHE68��/ ;8�) 8J�3 BE>�/ <@ 8F+

Page 4: The Right to Decide in Democracy between Recentralisation and Independence at the REGIONS Quarterly Magazine Nr 296 Winter 2014