THE RESULTS OF THE RESULTS OF BREASTFEEDING BREASTFEEDING

PROMOTION IN KAUNASPROMOTION IN KAUNAS

EGLĖ MARKŪNIENĖ EGLĖ MARKŪNIENĖ MD, PhDMD, PhDKaunas Medical University Hospital, Neonatology ClinicKaunas Medical University Hospital, Neonatology Clinic

LITHUANIALITHUANIA

Prevalence of Breastfeeding in Prevalence of Breastfeeding in LithuaniaLithuania

01,62,9

3,75,48,2

11,1

17,8

23

34,1

52,5

73,6

12,43,14,1

5,26,8

9,818,2

27

36,9

49,3

74,7

6,88,710,612,2

14,717,9

22,230,9

36,4

44,9

58,6

76,8

47,5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

žindė mėnesių

1993199519992001 Kaunas2003

Lithuanian Nutrition Center

3 - 46.4 %

6 - 28.6 %

Breastfeeding Promoted By:Breastfeeding Promoted By:

• Kaunas Medical University (KMU)Kaunas Medical University (KMU)

• Obstetric-Gynecology, Neonatology and Obstetric-Gynecology, Neonatology and Pediatric Clinics of Kaunas Medical Pediatric Clinics of Kaunas Medical University HospitalUniversity Hospital

• Municipality of KaunasMunicipality of Kaunas

• Society of Breastfeeding PromotionSociety of Breastfeeding Promotion

• Parents Club “Father, Mother and Me”Parents Club “Father, Mother and Me”

• Publishing and Information Center “For Life”Publishing and Information Center “For Life”

Target GroupsTarget Groups

• Students of health Students of health carecare

• PhysiciansPhysicians

• MidwifesMidwifes

• NursesNurses

• Pregnant womenPregnant women

• MothersMothers

Method Method of Studyof Study

• Selected term, healthy newborns Selected term, healthy newborns (October and November of year 2000)(October and November of year 2000)

• From Maternity homes in 9 different From Maternity homes in 9 different locationslocations

• 1000 questionnaires sent by post on 1000 questionnaires sent by post on April and May of 2001 April and May of 2001

• Response rate 46.9 %Response rate 46.9 %

ObjectiveObjective

• To compare the factors of To compare the factors of breastfeeding mothers have been breastfeeding mothers have been divided into two groups:divided into two groups:– first group – mothersfirst group – mothers from Kaunasfrom Kaunas - 218 - 218– second group – mothers from other second group – mothers from other

locations of Lithuania – 234locations of Lithuania – 234

Education of MothersEducation of Mothers

0 10 20 30 40 50

secondary

profesional

university

otherKaunas n-218

Family Income per MonthFamily Income per Month

0 10 20 30 40 50

< 500 Lt

501-1000 Lt

1001-2000 Lt

> 2001 Lt

otherKaunas

**

1 EUR= 3.45 Lt

Reasons of Refusing to BreastfeedReasons of Refusing to Breastfeed

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

insufficiency of milk

milk disappeared because of stress

baby refused breast

breasts too small

mother's medication

tiredness

mother's ilness

painfull breasts

baby was too weak to suck

breasts infection

returned to work

difficult to coordinate BF with home duties

BF too difficult

BF too boring

baby was ill

better for baby to stop BF

partner didn't accept BF

wanted normal sexual life

physicians recommended to stop BF

wanted to take contraceptive pill

other family members forced to stop BF

otherKaunas n-218

**

*

Indicators of Insufficiency of Indicators of Insufficiency of Milk, Used by MothersMilk, Used by Mothers

0 10 20 30 40 50

Fussy baby afterbreast

checked milkamount by

expression

breasts seemedempty

baby didn't gainweight

somebody toldabout insuficiency

of milk

other

Kaunas n-218

*

**

Did the Mothers Seek HelpDid the Mothers Seek Help ? ?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Yes

No

other

Kaunas n-218

Mothers Who Sought Help Got Mothers Who Sought Help Got Advice to:Advice to:

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

to drink more

to breastfeed more often and longer

to eat Halva

to rest

to drink special tea

be confident

to check amount of milk by expressing it

to ask family for help in housekeeping

to improve latch on to the breast

refuse from supplemental feeding

do not give pacifier

skin-to-skin contact

improve baby position

use Apilacum

other

Kaunas n-218

*

**

Breastfeeding Difficulties in the Breastfeeding Difficulties in the Maternity HomeMaternity Home

0 10 20 30 40 50

engorged breasts

cracked nipples

insufficiency of milk

oversupply of milk

pain during BF

depression

blocked milk duct

other diseases

inverted nipples

bad quality of milk

flat nipples

mastitis

other

Kaunas n-218

**

What Food Did the Newborn What Food Did the Newborn Get in the Maternity Home?Get in the Maternity Home?

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

formula

expressedmilk

glucose

donor's milk

water

other

Kaunas n-218

Why Did the Newborn Was Fed Why Did the Newborn Was Fed in That Wayin That Way??

0 5 10 15 20 25

insufficiencyof milk

mothercouldn't BF

newborn wasill

mother askedfor additional

food

other

Kaunas n-218

UUsagesage of Artificial Nipples in of Artificial Nipples in the Maternity Homethe Maternity Home

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

pacifier feeding by bottle

Kaunas n-218

other

*

***

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The prevalence of BF in Kaunas is higher than in other locations of Lithuania

Practice of KMU

Practice of NGO

Health policy of

Municipality

RECOMENDATIONSRECOMENDATIONS

• High quality of teaching High quality of teaching methods for target methods for target groupsgroups

• Development of Mother-Development of Mother-to-Mother support groupsto-Mother support groups

• Promotion of BF in the Promotion of BF in the societysociety

• State policy of BF in the State policy of BF in the countrycountry

THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?

EGLĖ MARKŪNIENĖEGLĖ MARKŪNIENĖ, MD, PhD, MD, PhD KMU KMU