the respiratory system respiration energy-releasing process that is fueled by oxygen you breathe 6...
TRANSCRIPT
RESPIRATION
• ENERGY-RELEASING PROCESS THAT IS FUELED BY OXYGEN
• YOU BREATHE 6 LITERS PER MINUTE
• REMOVES THE WASTE PRODUCT CARBON DIOXIDE
NOSE AND THROAT
• AIR ENTERS THROUGH NOSTRILS – OPENINGS IN THE NOSE
• IT FLOWS TO THE NASAL CAVITY– HEATED BY BLOOD VESSELS– MUCUS MOISTENS THE AIR AND TRAPS
DUST PARTICLES AND MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS
• A FRESH BATCH OF MUCUS IS PRODUCED EVERY 20 MINUTES
• CILIA PUSH OLD MUCUS TOWARD THE ESOPHAGUS AND INTO THE STOMACH
– HYDROCHLORIC ACID DESTROYS MANY BACTERIA TRAPPED IN THE MUCUS
EPIGLOTTIS
SMALL FLAP OF TISSUE THAT CLOSES OVER THE ENTRANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WHEN FOOD AND WATER ARE INGESTED
– RIGID TO KEEP THE AIR PASSAGE OPEN
– HELD TOGETHER BY SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT ENABLES THE DIAMETER TO BE CHANGED
• MUCUS TRAPS PARTICLES AND BACTERIA THAT MANAGE TO GET PAST THE NOSE
– SWEPT OUT OF TRACHEA AND UP TO THE MOUTH OR NOSE BY CILIA
– IF PARTICLES COLLECT – YOU COUGH
LARYNX
• VOICE BOX – LOCATED AT TOP OF TRACHEA
• MADE OF CARTILAGE THAT JETS OUT OF THE NECK (ADAM’S APPLE)
– LARGER IN MALES BECAUSE THEY GENERALLY HAVE LESS FAT
MRI OF LARYNX
VOCAL CORDS
• TWO SMALL FOLDS OF TISSUE THAT STRETCH ACROSS THE LARYNX
• MUSCLES TIGHTEN TO NARROW THE SLIT BETWEEN THEM
• RUSHING AIR MAKES THEM VIBRATE
– HIGH VOICE – TIGHTER CORDS-VIBRATE RAPIDLY
– LOW VOICE – MORE RELAXED – VIBRATE MORE SLOWLY
• 600 MILLION IN LUNGS SURROUNDED BY CAPILLARIES
• AS AIR ENTERS THE ALVEOLI, OXYGEN SEEPS THROUGH THE THIN WALLS INTO SURROUNDING CAPILLARIES
• BLOOD CARRIES IT THROUGHOUT THE BODY
• CARBON DIOXIDE IS EXCHANGED IN THE SAME WAY
• 2400 KILOMETERS OF AIRWAYS FIT INTO THE CHEST CAVITY
– CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN IS EXCHANGED IN A FEW SECONDS
– EXPANSION ALLOWS MORE ROOM FOR AIR IN YOUR LUNGS
– AIR PRESSURE INSIDE DECREASES ALLOWING AIR TO RUSH IN FROM OUTSIDE
• EXHALE – DIAPHRAGM RETURNS TO NORMAL
– SPACE DECREASES IN CHEST CAVITY
– AIR PRESSURE INCREASES
– AIR IS FORCED OUT
HICCUP
• DIAPHRAGM BECOMES IRRITATED – THE VOCAL CORDS SNAP SHUT
• INCREASED LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE WILL CAUSE INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS TO STOP– STOPS THE HICCUPS
THE KIDNEYS
• ACT AS BODY’S FILTER – REMOVES WASTE AND POISONS FROM THE BLOOD
• REDDISH BROWN AND SHAPED LIKE KIDNEY BEANS
• ONE KIDNEY ON EACH SIDE OF SPINAL COLUMN JUST ABOVE THE WAIST
• 1 LITER OF BLOOD IS RECEIVED EACH MINUTE
URETER
• THE NARROW TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE KIDNEYS TO THE URINARY BLADDER
• YOU HAVE TWO URETERS – ONE FROM EACH KIDNEY TO THE BLADDER
• CONVERTS HEMOGLOBIN FROM WORN-OUT RED BLOOD CELLS INTO BILE
– BILE REMOVES AND DIGESTS MOST BACTERIA THAT ENTER FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE
• INNERMOST LAYER CONTAINS LIVING, ACTIVE CELLS THAT PRODUCE MORE CELLS
• NO NERVES OR BLOOD VESSELS
• SKIN ALSO CONTAINS HAIR, NAILS, SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS
– HAIR AND NAILS ARE FORMED FROM SKIN CELLS THAT ARE FILLED WITH A TOUGH, FIBER-LIKE PROTEIN AND THEN DIE
SWEAT GLANDS
• COILED TUBES CONNECTED TO PORES
– HELP BODY GET RID OF EXCESS SALT, UREA AND ABOUT 0.5 LITERS OF WATER EVERY DAY
• THIS COMBINATION IS KNOWN AS SWEAT OR PERSPIRATION