The Respiratory System

Gaiser Life Science

KnowWhat does the respiratory system do for your body?

Evidence

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After listening to the PowerPoint lecture, come back here and list evidence to explain why your answer to the above question is or is not a good answer. You may also use other outside sources to help you respond.

FunctionsClarifying ?s Information

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1. Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.2. Expels carbon dioxide and water from the body.

Respiratory System

Oxygen is required for the energy releasing chemical reactions that take place in your cells. Energy is released to fuel growth and other cell processes.

The Body & Oxygen

respiration - Oxygen and glucose in the cells undergo a complex series of chemical reactions. This requires the digestive system to absorb glucose from food and the circulatory system to carry oxygen from the lungs and the glucose from food into the cells.

The air The oxygen our bodies need comes from the gases in the atmosphere (Approx. 21%=O2, 78%=N, 1%=other gases). The body uses very little of the inhaled air and exhales the rest.

Air Pathway 1. Air can enter the body by way of the nose or mouth. Blood vessels heat the air as it enters the body. Mucus is produced to moisten the air, which keeps tissue from drying out. Breathing through the nose is beneficial because nasal hair removes unwanted irritants and cilia removes dust and bacteria.

Clarifying ?s Information

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2. The air enters a cavity at the back of the throat called the pharynx. The pharynx has both digestive and respiratory functions: It provides a passageway to either the esophagus or the trachea. The epiglottis diverts food to the esophagus.

Respiratory System

Cilia - tiny hair like extensions in the nostrils where dust and bacteria are trapped

epiglottis - a flap of tissue that blocks the trachea during swallowing. It diverts food to the esophagus and keeps food from going down the “wrong pipe.”

trachea - the passageway to the lungs - AKA the windpipe

FYI - Normally air goes to the lungs, but you can intentionally “swallow” air, which will then make you burp. Normally, while eating, food goes down your esophagus. If you talk or breathe while swallowing, food can get into your trachea and you choke.3. After the air enters the trachea, it branches in two directions at the bronchi. Each bronchus goes to a lung. The bronchi further branch off into smaller bronchioles.

Clarifying ?s Information

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Respiratory System

Alveoli

4. The air then enters the lungs, which are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs - a right and a left.

-tiny air sacs of living tissue surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange between CO2 & O2 takes place (The alveoli resemble super tiny clusters of grapes.)

5. The air passageways continue to branch off smaller and smaller until they finally terminate with tiny clusters of air sacs called alveoli.

6. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs. O2 passes through alveoli and capillary walls, then is carried by red blood cells to parts of the body. At the same time CO2 leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli. CO2 and H2O are then expelled from the body by breathing it out.FYI - When you breathe out, you are expelling carbon dioxide and water. This is why your breath looks like a foggy mist on a really cold day; you are seeing the water in your breath.

Clarifying ?s Information

diaphragm

As air rushes from the lungs, it passes through the larynx or vocal cords causing vibrations. As the vocal cords open and close they create sound. Short, tight vocal cords will create high tones and long relaxed vocal cords will create low tones. However, this is only part of speaking. The lips, tongue, and teeth are needed to add the final touches. The end result - speech.

Respiratory System

The mechanics of breathing

Breathing is controlled by the diaphragm muscle. When the diaphragm moves downward, this enlarges the chest cavity, which causes low pressure. Air outside rushes into the lungs to fill this low pressure area. When the diaphragm moves upward, this reduces the size of the chest cavity. This creates high pressure, which forces air out of the lungs.

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- large dome shaped muscle below the lungs that assists in breathing. This muscle can only be controlled consciously in part; the autonomic nervous system has ultimate control over the diaphragm. This is the muscle that aches when a person exercises to much - AKA “side aches.”

The mechanics of speaking

Summary:

Clarifying ?s Information

Page

Functions 1. Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body.2. Expels carbon dioxide and water from the body.Oxygen is required for the energy releasing chemical reactions that take place in your cells. Energy is released to fuel growth and other cell processes.

The Body & Oxygen

respiration - Oxygen and glucose in the cells undergo a complex series of chemical reactions. This requires the digestive system to absorb glucose from food and the circulatory system to carry oxygen from the lungs and the glucose from food into the cells.

The air The oxygen our bodies need comes from the gases in the atmosphere (Approx. 21%=O2, 78%=N, 1%=other gases). The body uses very little of the inhaled air and exhales the rest.

Air Pathway 1. Air can enter the body by way of the nose or mouth. Blood vessels heat the air as it enters the body. Mucus is produced to moisten the air, which keeps tissue from drying out. Breathing through the nose is beneficial because nasal hair removes unwanted irritants and cilia removes dust and bacteria.

Clarifying ?s Information

Page

2. The air enters a cavity at the back of the throat called the pharynx. The pharynx has both digestive and respiratory functions: It provides a passageway to either the esophagus or the trachea. The epiglottis diverts food to the esophagus.

Cilia - tiny hair like extensions in the nostrils where dust and bacteria are trapped

epiglottis - a flap of tissue that blocks the trachea during swallowing. It diverts food to the esophagus and keeps food from going down the “wrong pipe.”

trachea - the passageway to the lungs - AKA the windpipe

FYI - Normally air goes to the lungs, but you can intentionally “swallow” air, which will then make you burp. Normally, while eating, food goes down your esophagus. If you talk or breathe while swallowing, food can get into your trachea and you choke.3. After the air enters the trachea, it branches in two directions at the bronchi. Each bronchus goes to a lung. The bronchi further branch off into smaller bronchioles.

Clarifying ?s Information

Page

Alveoli

4. The air then enters the lungs, which are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs - a right and a left.

-tiny air sacs of living tissue surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange between CO2 & O2 takes place (The alveoli resemble super tiny clusters of grapes.)

5. The air passageways continue to branch off smaller and smaller until they finally terminate with tiny clusters of air sacs called alveoli. This is where the circulatory and respiratory systems mesh.

6. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs. O2 passes through alveoli and capillary walls, then is carried by red blood cells to parts of the body. At the same time CO2 leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli. CO2 and H2O are then expelled from the body by breathing it out.FYI - When you breathe out, you are expelling carbon dioxide and water. This is why your breath looks like a foggy mist on a really cold day; you are seeing the water in your breath.

Clarifying ?s Information

Page

diaphragm

As air rushes from the lungs, it passes through the larynx or vocal cords causing vibrations. As the vocal cords open and close they create sound. Short, tight vocal cords will create high tones and long relaxed vocal cords will create low tones. However, this is only part of speaking. The lips, tongue, and teeth are needed to add the final touches. The end result - speech.

The mechanics of breathing

Breathing is controlled by the diaphragm muscle. When the diaphragm moves downward, this enlarges the chest cavity, which causes low pressure. Air outside rushes into the lungs to fill this low pressure area. When the diaphragm moves upward, this reduces the size of the chest cavity. This creates high pressure, which forces air out of the lungs.- large dome shaped muscle below the lungs that assists in breathing. This muscle can only be controlled consciously in part; the autonomic nervous system has ultimate control over the diaphragm. This is the muscle that aches when a person exercises to much - AKA “side aches.”

The mechanics of speaking

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