The Renaissance and

Reformation

Chapter 13

13-1 The Renaissance in Italy

The Italian City-States

Why Italy?

Florence and the Medics

– Produced poets, artists, scholars, and

scientists

– Medici family

Richest ______ and _______

in Europe.

Money=political power

patrons

What was the Renaissance?

– Time of creativity, political, social, economic,

and cultural development

A New Worldview

– Centered around _____ and ______ rebirth.

– Preservation of the old:

– Production of the new:

A Spirit of Adventure

– Led to exploration

Chris Columbus

Humanism

– Humanities:

13-3 The Protestant Reformation

Abuses in the Church

– Popes living lavish

How?

– Indulgences-

Protests in northern Europe

Luther’s Protest

– 1517 Martin Luther leads revolt

The 95 Theses

– Johann Tetzel

– Effect:

– What did they object to?

Luther Versus the Church

– Church demanded he recant views.

– Reject Rome

– Excommunication in 1521

– Renounced authority of pope

– In hiding

Luther’s Teachings

– Deeds v. Faith

– Bible

Translation

Education

– No hierarchy

– Rejected:

– Emphasized:

Spread of Lutheran Ideas

– By 1530, Lutherans changed name to

__________

Widespread Support

– Answer to corruption

– Selfish reasons:

– National loyalty

The Peasant Revolt

– Peasant supporters of Luther started a revolt

in 1524.

– Luther’s views:

The Peace of Augsburg

– A settlement was reached

John Calvin

Teachings

– Bible only source of salvation

– Predestination Saints and sinners

True Christian lives

Calvin’s Geneva (Switzerland)

– Set up a theocracy

– Harsh punishments for offenses for:

– Education

Spread of Calvinism

– Calvinism took root in Germany, France,

Netherlands, England, and Scotland.

– Created wars with Roman Catholic Church

13-4 Reformation Ideas Spread

Radical Reformers

– Radical sects

Anabaptists

– What did Luther think of them?

– Religious toleration and separation of _________

– Quakers, Amish, Mennonites

The English Reformation

Seeking an Annulment

– King Henry VIII

“Defender of the Faith”

Wife, Catherine of Aragon

– Refusal of annulment

Anne Boleyn

Break With Rome

– Decided to take over the English church

– 1534 Act of Supremacy

Opposition were ______, some ________.

– Thomas Cranmer

(married 4 more times only one son)

The Church of England

– Investigating of convents

– Anglican Church

Religious Turmoil

– His son, Edward VI supported __________.

– His daughter, Mary turns against Protestants.

The Elizabethan Settlement

– On Mary’s death in 1558, Elizabeth became

queen.

– Elizabethan Settlement

Compromise

Preserved hierarchy

Book of Common Prayer

English

Protestant

The Catholic Reformation

– Pope Paul III was leader of reformation.

– Goal:

Council of Trent 1545

– Tradition

– Good works

– Not only Bible

– Accountability

– education

The Inquisition

– Purpose:

– Index of Forbidden Books

Ignatius of Loyola

– Society of Jesus or Jesuits 1540

Extreme discipline and obedience

missionaries

Widespread Persecution

– Catholics and Protestants fostered

intolerance. Catholic mobs killed Protestants.

Protestants killed Catholic priests and

wrecked Catholic churches.

Witch Hunts

– 1450 to 1750, tens of thousands killed. Many

were scapegoats.

Most were:

Jews and the Reformation

– Spain expelled Jews in 1492

– Italy:

Ghettos

Yellow badge

– Luther

– Migration

13-5 The Scientific Revolution

Changing Views of the Universe

A Revolutionary Theory

– 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published On the

Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

Heliocentric model

Galileo

– Telescope

– Controversy with church. Why?

“it does move”

A New Scientific Method

A Step-by-Step Process

– Hypothesis

– Scientific method

Bacon and Descartes

Newton Ties It Together Isaac Newton

Other Scientific Advances

Chemistry

Medicine

– Blood

– microscope