the renaissance and exploration 1300 - 1600 c.e

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The Renaissance and The Renaissance and Exploration Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E. 1300 - 1600 C.E.

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Page 1: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The Renaissance and The Renaissance and ExplorationExploration

1300 - 1600 C.E.1300 - 1600 C.E.

Page 2: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The Renaissance The Renaissance

Began in Northern Italy around 1300 while Began in Northern Italy around 1300 while England and France were in the Hundred England and France were in the Hundred Years WarYears War

Why Italy?Why Italy? Urban region, trading cities such as Genoa, Urban region, trading cities such as Genoa,

Venice and FlorenceVenice and Florence Lots of powerful merchants who focused on Lots of powerful merchants who focused on

trade – took pride in their achievementstrade – took pride in their achievements Focus on merit of the individualFocus on merit of the individual Patrons sponsored artPatrons sponsored art

Page 3: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Famous men who led the wayFamous men who led the way Giotto – developed fresco painting, painting Giotto – developed fresco painting, painting

on wet plasteron wet plaster Human figures looked lifelike and 3 Human figures looked lifelike and 3

dimensional, interacting with one another dimensional, interacting with one another and showing emotionand showing emotion

Dante – wrote the Divine Comedy, poem in Dante – wrote the Divine Comedy, poem in which real people and dead friends guide which real people and dead friends guide him through hell and heaven him through hell and heaven Combined religious ideas of Middle Ages with Combined religious ideas of Middle Ages with

secular concerns of Renaissance – dealt with secular concerns of Renaissance – dealt with individuals and personalitiesindividuals and personalities

Petrarch – poetry and lettersPetrarch – poetry and letters Inspired by a female muse, Laura (who died Inspired by a female muse, Laura (who died

of the plague)of the plague) Strove to revive classical ideas of beautyStrove to revive classical ideas of beauty

Page 4: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

New Values Shape the New Values Shape the RenaissanceRenaissance

Celebration of the individual – people Celebration of the individual – people wanted recognition and credit for their wanted recognition and credit for their work, not doing it all for the glory of Godwork, not doing it all for the glory of God Portraits and autobiographies are writtenPortraits and autobiographies are written

Love of classical learningLove of classical learning Looked down on Medieval times as the “Dark Looked down on Medieval times as the “Dark

Ages”Ages” Humanists – studied classical texts, history and Humanists – studied classical texts, history and

language arts – thought all people should study language arts – thought all people should study thisthis

Enjoyment of worldly pleasures is ok-Enjoyment of worldly pleasures is ok-Humanists say no more poverty vows!Humanists say no more poverty vows!

Page 5: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The Renaissance ManThe Renaissance Man

Strove to master almost every Strove to master almost every artart

The Courtier – told people how The Courtier – told people how to become worthy of to become worthy of admirationadmiration Well educated in the classicsWell educated in the classics Charming, polite, wittyCharming, polite, witty Dance, sing, play music and Dance, sing, play music and

write poetrywrite poetry Physically graceful and strong, Physically graceful and strong,

skilled rider, wrestler, and skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsmanswordsman

Page 6: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The Renaissance WomanThe Renaissance Woman

Upper class women are as Upper class women are as well educated as menwell educated as men Charming, know the classics, Charming, know the classics,

write well, make music, paint, write well, make music, paint, and dance (but don’t seek and dance (but don’t seek attention for it!)attention for it!)

Expected to inspire poetry Expected to inspire poetry rather than create itrather than create it Women are better educated Women are better educated

than in the Middle Ages, but than in the Middle Ages, but are actually less influential in are actually less influential in politics, economics and social politics, economics and social affairsaffairs

Page 7: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Florence Led the WayFlorence Led the Way

In the 1400’s the Medici were a In the 1400’s the Medici were a wealthy banking and trading family wealthy banking and trading family who dominated politics who dominated politics Cosimo de Medici made sure all city Cosimo de Medici made sure all city

counsel members were loyal to himcounsel members were loyal to himSpent money on beautifying the city with Spent money on beautifying the city with

art – created first free public library, his art – created first free public library, his son and grandson continued this tradition son and grandson continued this tradition while maintaining political control of while maintaining political control of FlorenceFlorence

Page 8: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Artists Beautify FlorenceArtists Beautify Florence

Lorenzo Ghiberti took 50 years to create Lorenzo Ghiberti took 50 years to create door for the Baptistry of the local door for the Baptistry of the local cathedral – likened to the gates of cathedral – likened to the gates of paradiseparadise

Page 9: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Ninja Turtle or Artist?Ninja Turtle or Artist?

Donatello – Donatello – sculptor, wanted to sculptor, wanted to show the human show the human form in perfection, form in perfection, like the Greekslike the Greeks

On Right, The On Right, The DavidDavid

Page 10: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Masaccio Masaccio

Developed perspective in painting to Developed perspective in painting to give objects the appearance of give objects the appearance of distance from the framedistance from the frame

““Father of modern painting”Father of modern painting”

Page 11: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Machiavelli wrote about Machiavelli wrote about politicspolitics

When Piero Medici surrendered When Piero Medici surrendered without a fight to invading French without a fight to invading French armies, Florentines were outraged armies, Florentines were outraged and drove the Medici into exileand drove the Medici into exile

Florence’s golden age ended Florence’s golden age ended

During political upheaval, During political upheaval, Machiavelli wrote “The Prince”Machiavelli wrote “The Prince” Why does one ruler succeed while Why does one ruler succeed while

another fails?another fails? Not concerned with what is morally Not concerned with what is morally

right, but what is politically right, but what is politically effective – the end justifies the effective – the end justifies the meansmeans

Rulers may have to deceive Rulers may have to deceive enemies and their own people enemies and their own people to be good leaders in a wicked to be good leaders in a wicked worldworld

Today Machiavelli’s name is Today Machiavelli’s name is associated with trickeryassociated with trickery

Page 12: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The High RenaissanceThe High Renaissance

While Florence’s golden age had While Florence’s golden age had ended, Rome was bringing the ended, Rome was bringing the Renaissance to a new heightRenaissance to a new height

The Popes became Patrons – The Popes became Patrons – Renaissance PopesRenaissance Popes

Page 13: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

MichelangeloMichelangelo

Lived with the Medici Lived with the Medici during his apprenticeshipduring his apprenticeship

Peita and the Sistine Peita and the Sistine Chapel are two of his Chapel are two of his most famous works, and most famous works, and were both commissioned were both commissioned by the Papacy in Romeby the Papacy in Rome

Also made many other Also made many other famous sculptures, famous sculptures, paintings and paintings and architectural works, such architectural works, such as “The Last Judgment” as “The Last Judgment” and the dome of St. and the dome of St. Peter’s ChurchPeter’s Church

Page 14: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

RaphaelRaphael

Artist, learned some things from Artist, learned some things from MichelangeloMichelangelo

““The School of Athens” – Plato and The School of Athens” – Plato and Aristotle in discussion with other Aristotle in discussion with other famous figures from both classical famous figures from both classical Greece and from the Renaissance, Greece and from the Renaissance, (including himself and Michelangelo)(including himself and Michelangelo)

Did a lot of work for the Church Did a lot of work for the Church

Page 15: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

LeonardoLeonardo

Both a scientist and Both a scientist and artist – a genius artist – a genius

Invented many Invented many machines for many machines for many purposes, from purposes, from making metal making metal screws to making screws to making man flyman fly

Painted “The Last Painted “The Last Supper” and “The Supper” and “The Mona Lisa”Mona Lisa”

Page 16: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E
Page 17: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E
Page 18: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Northern Europe’s Northern Europe’s RenaissanceRenaissance

Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo all Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo all showed interest in classics, curiosity about showed interest in classics, curiosity about the world and an interest in human the world and an interest in human potential – Renaissance spiritpotential – Renaissance spirit

Germans such as Durer created woodcuts Germans such as Durer created woodcuts and engravings, and Holbein who painted and engravings, and Holbein who painted with extreme realism sold their work all with extreme realism sold their work all over England and Germanyover England and Germany

French kings recruited Italian artistsFrench kings recruited Italian artists Flanders became the Renaissance capital Flanders became the Renaissance capital

of Europeof Europe

Page 19: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The end of the RenaissanceThe end of the Renaissance

New styles became popular in the New styles became popular in the 1600’s 1600’s

Ideals of Renaissance thought Ideals of Renaissance thought continue to influence Western ideas continue to influence Western ideas today about the importance of the today about the importance of the individual individual Gives rise to more democratic ideasGives rise to more democratic ideas

Page 20: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

Explorers Discover New LandsExplorers Discover New Lands

Page 21: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

New Spirit of the RenaissanceNew Spirit of the Renaissance

How did the new ideas and values of How did the new ideas and values of the Renaissance lead to the Age of the Renaissance lead to the Age of Exploration?Exploration?

During Leonardo’s time, Portuguese During Leonardo’s time, Portuguese sailors charted the coast of Africa and sailors charted the coast of Africa and others discovered new continentsothers discovered new continents

Page 22: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

The IndividualThe Individual

Explorers wanted to obtain individual Explorers wanted to obtain individual glory, they were curious, ambitious, glory, they were curious, ambitious, and confident just like Renaissance and confident just like Renaissance artistsartists

Page 23: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Factors that encouraged Factors that encouraged explorationexploration

Search for spices and profits Search for spices and profits Crusades led to demand for more goods Crusades led to demand for more goods

from Asiafrom Asia

Italian merchants controlled Eastern Italian merchants controlled Eastern Mediterranean, had a monopoly on the Mediterranean, had a monopoly on the spice trade, could make them $$spice trade, could make them $$

Wanted a route free of Turks – religious Wanted a route free of Turks – religious hostilities were highhostilities were high

Page 24: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

More Factors in ExploringMore Factors in Exploring

Wanted to spread ChristianityWanted to spread Christianity

New Technology helps!New Technology helps! Caravel – ship with triangular sails for tacking Caravel – ship with triangular sails for tacking

into the wind, square ones for running before into the wind, square ones for running before the windthe wind

Astrolabe – used stars to decipher where on Astrolabe – used stars to decipher where on the earth one was in relation to the equatorthe earth one was in relation to the equator

Compass – indicates your direction Compass – indicates your direction

Page 25: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Portuguese explorationPortuguese exploration

1420 – Prince Henry create a school for 1420 – Prince Henry create a school for navigation – He was a patron of navigation – He was a patron of explorationexploration

First successful expeditions brought gold First successful expeditions brought gold and slaves from Africa, later ivory as welland slaves from Africa, later ivory as well Gold Coast at GhanaGold Coast at Ghana

This encouraged further exploration – want This encouraged further exploration – want to reach the Indiesto reach the Indies

Page 26: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Explorations around AfricaExplorations around Africa

Bartholomeu Dias – reached Cape of Bartholomeu Dias – reached Cape of Good Hope, southern most tip of Good Hope, southern most tip of AfricaAfrica

Vasco da Gama – 1497, he took 4 Vasco da Gama – 1497, he took 4 ships to India, first to round the Cape ships to India, first to round the Cape of Good Hopeof Good HopeLed to Portuguese domination of trade Led to Portuguese domination of trade

on Indian Ocean, gave them a direct sea on Indian Ocean, gave them a direct sea route to India, China and Spice Islandsroute to India, China and Spice Islands

Page 27: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

““In 1492 Columbus sailed the In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue.”ocean blue.”

Columbus convinced Queen Isabella and Columbus convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to sponsor his King Ferdinand of Spain to sponsor his quest across the Atlantic to reach Indiaquest across the Atlantic to reach India he estimated this would only be 2,000 mileshe estimated this would only be 2,000 milesThought the world was round, wanted to Thought the world was round, wanted to

reach Japan tooreach Japan tooNina, Pinta and Sana MariaNina, Pinta and Sana Maria

• Landed in the Bahamas, didn’t find the spices, Landed in the Bahamas, didn’t find the spices, but found natives and exotic birds and fruitbut found natives and exotic birds and fruit

Page 28: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

So why do we give him So why do we give him such credit?such credit?

Viking voyages had landed in the Viking voyages had landed in the Americas first!Americas first!

Columbus’s exploration led to lasting Columbus’s exploration led to lasting and permanent settlements…and permanent settlements…

What else did it lead to?What else did it lead to?

Page 29: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

Proclaimed this a new continent after Proclaimed this a new continent after exploring coastline of Brazil, its not Asia!exploring coastline of Brazil, its not Asia!

Leads to more explorations in a frenzyLeads to more explorations in a frenzy

Vasco Nunez de Balboa – slashed through Vasco Nunez de Balboa – slashed through Panama and discovered the Pacific OceanPanama and discovered the Pacific Ocean

Pope divides new lands between Spain and Pope divides new lands between Spain and Portugal, (because they didn’t already Portugal, (because they didn’t already belong to someone else?), at the Line of belong to someone else?), at the Line of DemarcationDemarcation

Page 30: The Renaissance and Exploration 1300 - 1600 C.E

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Portuguese sailor sailed round the world, Portuguese sailor sailed round the world, funded by Spain with 5 ships and crewsfunded by Spain with 5 ships and crews

The trip took 3 years and cost most their The trip took 3 years and cost most their lives, not an easy trip!lives, not an easy trip!

Proved the Americas were separate Proved the Americas were separate continents. continents.

Proved the world was much larger than Proved the world was much larger than anyone had thought. anyone had thought.