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The Renaissance 1400-1600

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Began in Florence Italy. Means re-birth after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in short span of time. Time of creativity and change in many areas political, social, economic, and cultural. Humanism-focus on individual accomplishments Paintings were realistic and focused less on religious topics. Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art. (de Medicis) 1.1 The Renaissance

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court dances- fancy occasions for the upper class to show off in front of nobility. heavy gowns, large headdresses, long lacy sleeves, Movements were restrained and refined. Slides, glides, small, slow steps, poses, and curtsies. first court dances were done low to the ground. (basse) peasant dances- were lively and consisted of large, wide steps performed mostly on grassy town squares. Dance Renaissance: Court Dances

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Types of dances Pavane: meaning peacock. a basse dance performed at ceremonies for Kings and Queens movements were slow walking steps, which traveled forward and backward. Galliard: a lively dance, which included a number of hops and kicking steps

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Types of dances The Allemande: Consisted of four dances together Hands were held at all times during this dance Movements were made up in such a way as to keep partners joined together throughout the dance. Now used for a step in square dancing. The Courante: This dance displayed gestures of courtship and flirtation The steps included walks, tiny runs, and glides. Other forms of entertainment at the court Jousting Jousting

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Commedia dellArte- (Italy) means comedy of the professional guilds of artists stock characters(10-12) some wore masks, special skills of the actors, acrobats, dancers, musicians, and improvisers Slapstick humor short, physical comedy routines only venue for women actors until the English stage in the late 17 th century. 1.2 Drama/Theatre - Renaissance

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William Shakespeare (1564-1616) William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Elizabethan Theater English-speaking playwright 38 plays tragedy, comedy, and English history During the reign of Elizabeth I His plays occur over long periods of time, in many locations, and involve multiple subplots in addition to the main plot. violence on stage, ghosts and spirits. platform on stage in which multiple locations could be imagined. outdoor theatres Costuming was everyday clothing Only men

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Tragedy: Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Othello Comedy: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew History: Henry V Examples of Shakespeares plays include:

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In London built in 1599 Thrust stage Paid according to where you sat The yard or pit- paid a penny. The gallery two pennies for the first level, three pennies for the second and so on. Color of flag flying Black- tragedy, white-comedy and red-history. Destroyed by fire in 1613 Second Globe Theatre was built on the same site June 1614 and closed in 1642 Virtual tour Virtual tour The Globe Theatre

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The Summary of Taming of the Shrew The beautiful and gentle Bianca has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio, Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed. Bianca's suitors persuade fortune-seeker Petruchio to court her. The suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharina's dowry. Petruchio marries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country house with his servant Grumio. Petruchio intends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies her food, sleep and her new clothes, whilst continuously singing her praises. Katharina is tamed. They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a banquet they wager on who has the most obedient wife. Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission

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Character Map

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"the shrew" refers to Katherine "tamer of the shrew" refers to Petruccio, sister in both the play and film have the same name, Bianca. Baptista (the very wealthy father of Katherine and Bianca) desires to find husbands for both his daughters, offering a fine dowry; Bianca, the younger and fairer, gets more offers for marriage, but Baptista, for some reason, desires his eldest, Katherine, the "shrew," to marry first, restricting Bianca. From there, the character who desires Bianca, Lucentio, finds Petruccio, who only wants to marry, to "tame" Katherine, so Lucentio accordingly can marry Bianca. Taming of the Shrew

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Shrew Katarina (Kat) "tamer" Patrick (or 'Pat'). Katarina's sister in both the play and film have the same name, Walter (the father of Kat and Bianca), of course, desires the best for his daugters, as fathers ought. To Bianca's demise, their father restricts her dating without Kat dating as well; Bianca, the more popular, extraverted, and absent-minded of the two, for her reasons, gets frustrated at her sister, Kat, who seems incapable of any positive human interaction. For an upcoming dance, Bianca has a choice between two dates, Joey and Cameron, but her two rivaling dates find Pat, a rebellious teenager who plays the "shrew," and, who they think, may attract Kat, since, of course, Bianca cannot date without Kat. Through Pat's often ridiculous and hilarious attempts, he wins Kat's heart, "taming" her anti-social ways. 10 Things I hate about you

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1.3 Renaissance Music Music helped to reconcile faith and reason Movement from monophonic (one sound) to polyphonic Polyphonic: many sounds Multiple musical lines together 2 or more separate voices or parts Rise of instrumental and secular music (non-religious)

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Council of Trent (1545-1562) Reformation in the Catholic church Changes in music & mass Away from polyphonic Distracted from text Wanted monophonic

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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 1525-1594 Italian Renaissance Composer polyphony perfect balance of voices, seamless phrasing the sound seems to never stop Every voice part is equally important Pope Marcellus Mass Pope Marcellus Mass Well-known work

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Other Composers John Dowland (1563-1626) English known for melancholy songs- "Flow my tears Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594) Franco-Flemish who studied polyphonic style William Byrd (1543/1623) English wrote church/liturgical music Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian composer, marked the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. Opera-L'Orfeo,

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Types of Music Motet Sacred music used in the Mass Sung in Latin Polyphonic, use of Imitation Performed a cappella with pure sound Performed by a small chorus Madrigal Secular music Use several languages (English, Italian) Performed by a small chorus Polyphonic, use of Imitation Texts are sometimes about erotic love Use of word painting Performed at a faster tempo Used at courtly social gatherings

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1.4a Visual Art - Renaissance Renaissance art united Christian faith and human reason. Wealthy individuals and families supported learning and the arts through a system of patronage. Wealthy patrons commissioned personal portraits, landscapes, and nudes. Lorenzo de Medici was a member of the wealthiest family in Florence Artists studied Classical Greek and Roman sculptures, as well as the science of anatomy Linear perspective and atmospheric was discovered and allowed a completely realistic viewpoint. Oil paint was invented in Northern Europe, and allowed artists to better capture realistic details.

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Characteristics of Renaissance Art 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times.

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2. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

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3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The Classical Pose Medici Venus (1c)

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4. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

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5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!

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6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Chiaroscuro Sfumato

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The Renaissance Man Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the well-rounded man was at the heart of Renaissance education. Renaissance Man SongRenaissance Man Song

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Botany, anatomy, music, architect, engineer Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work. Mona Lisa and The Last Supper Famous Artists Leonardo da Vinci (1452)

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Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci 1483-1486

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Leonardo, the Artist: From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

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Mona Lisa da Vinci, 1503-4

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A Macaroni Mona

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A Picasso Mona

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An Andy Warhol Mona

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A Monaca Lewinsky

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Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

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The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry

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Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan

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horizontal vertical Perspective! The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

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Detail of Jesus The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498 Deterioration

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Leonardo, the Sculptor An Equestrian Statue 1516-1518

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Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Study of a central church. 1488

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Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

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Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

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Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

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Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook Family Guy

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A study of siege defenses. Studies of water-lifting devices. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook

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Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect Pieta, which captures the sorrow of Mary as she cradles the dead Christ on her knees. Statue of David Sistine Chapel in Rome painted ceiling Michelangelo Buonorrati (1475)

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Michelangelo He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

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David 1504 Marble

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15c 16c What a difference a century makes!

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The Pieta 1499 marble

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The Sistine Chapel 1508 - 1512

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The Sistine Chapels Ceiling Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512

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The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

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The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

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A Modern Adaptation Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

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The Sistine Chapel Details The Fall from Grace

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The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment

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Raphael (1483) Painter Raphael studied Michelangelo and da Vinci Blended Christian and Classical styles. Best known for his tender portrayals of the Madonna, the mother of Jesus. The School of Athens (1509)

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Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520) Self-Portrait, 1506 Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518

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Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael, 1514-1515 Castiglione represented the humanist gentleman as a man of refinement and self-control.

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Perspective!Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael1504

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Raphaels Canagiani Madonna, 1507

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Raphaels Madonnas (1) Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna

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Madonna della Sedia Alba Madonna Raphaels Madonnas (2)

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The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -11 One point perspective. All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included A great variety of poses. No Christian themes here.

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The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -11 Raphael Da Vinci Michelangelo

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Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now]. Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm]. The School of Athens Raphael, details

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1445-1510 Was a member of the Medici family His real name was Alessandro Filipepi Liked to paint religious paintings for churches Most famous work is The Birth of Venus Botticelli

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Birth of Venus Botticelli, 1485 An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

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The continuation of late medieval attention to details. Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the classical ideal]. Interest in landscapes. More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life. Details of domestic interiors. Great skill in portraiture. 1.4b Northern Renaissance Art

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Jan van Eyck (1395 1441) Developed oil painting More courtly and aristocratic work. Court painter to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good. The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.

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Van Eyck -Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432

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Van Eyck: The Crucifixion & The Last Judgment 1420-1425

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Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Wedding Portrait) Jan Van Eyck 1434

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Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)

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Albrecht Drer (1471-1528) The greatest of German artists. A scholar as well as an artist. Scientist Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions. Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits. Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.

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Drer Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared Robe, 1500

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One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age. In touch with humanists thoughts. Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies. A master of landscapes. People in his works often have round, blank, heavy faces. They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious. They are types, rather than individuals. Their purpose is to convey a message. Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525-1569)

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Bruegels, Mad Meg, 1562

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Bruegels, The Beggars, 1568

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Bruegels, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

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Bruegels, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559

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http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/RenaissanceA rt3.swf http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/RenaissanceA rt3.swf Renaissance Art Game

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Time of rebirth after dark Middle Ages Artwork flourished renaissance man-someone who could do it all Dances were performed at the Kings court or in grassy towns by peasants. People wore heavy garments Shakespeare wrote plays that were performed at the Globe theatre in London. Renaissance Review