The RenaissanceI. What was the the renaissance?

A. A time of ______________; literally means ___________.

B. Europe was ______________ following the Dark Ages and Black Death.

i. confidence in ___________ had been shattered

ii. people begin to focus on ______________ rather than on ____________. This means society is

becoming more ____________.

C. The Renaissance was an _________________ movement that focused on a revival (_______) of classical Roman

and greek art, architecture, and literature.

i. Humanism: a thought system that places prime _________________ on the individual instead of a

______________________. Stresses the goodness of human beings, and encourages people to seek

_________________ ways to understand and solve problems with the world.

ii. ______________________: Called the "________________________________________."

i. Poet who popularized ______________________.

II. Where did the Renaissance begin?A. The Italian peninsula never _________________ during the

Middle Ages. Instead, several _________________ city-states

developed

B. Three city-states played a crucial role

i. Milan: one of the _____________ cities that

controlled trade through the _____________.

ii. Venice: location on the _________________ attracted

trade from all over the world

iii. Florence: controlled by very wealthy

__________________ family who became great

_____________ of the arts

C. All cities:

A. served as _______________ center for distribution of

goods and ideas

B. had access to trade routes to

___________________________ markets

C. were technically ______________________ forms of government

Quick Check #1 & 2: What was the Renaissance, where did it begin, and why did it begin here?

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Name __________________________________________________________________________________ Period _____

III. How did Art change in the Renaissance?A. New art was produced that reflected the _____________________ change in thinking.

B. As trade increased, and the wealthy became even _____________________, patrons ____________________________

artists to create new works of art.

i. Medieval art and literature focused on the _____________________ and _____________________

ii. Renaissance art and literature focused on _____________________, ________________________________, as

well as the Church.

C. Artists embraced humanism:

i. paintings/sculptures were more _____________________ and focused

on _____________________

ii. new art techniques were used to bring the art to life

a. Linear Perspective: added ______________ to an image

b. Foreshortening: ___________________ lines to create depth

c. Sfumato: ___________________ of lines (gradual blending)

to give depth ___________________

D. Michelangelo

i. Created the masterpiece of the biblical hero ___________________.

ii. Painted the ceiling of the ________________________________ (the

Pope's residence) with _______________ scenes from the Book of

______________________ in the Bible.

a. It took him ____________ years to complete!

E. Leonardo da Vinci

i. A true ________________________________: a man of many ____________

ii. Painted the ______________________, a portrait of __________

Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy _______________ merchant.

iii. Painted the __________________________, a religious work showing

Jesus' last meal before his _________________________.

iv. Kept an enormous amount of ______________________ showing his

wide knowledge of human ______________________.

v. Developed many ______________________ for inventions (ball

bearings, ______________________)

Quick Check #3: In what ways did art change in the renaissance, and how did it reflect the broader changes taking place in society?

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IV. How did Literature change (and spread) in the Renaissance?A. Prior to the Renaissance books were copied by ______________.

i. This was the work of _____________ and the most commonly reproduced book was the _____________.a. It took upwards of ___________ years to copy the bible by

hand.ii. ______________ woodblock printing made reproduction of books

___________, however still took a great deal of time and ___________.a. Wood blocks would be carved to simulate a ___________.

B. Johannes _________________ forever changed printing in 1455 which

greatly ______________ up the process.i. Gutenberg created _____________________, which meant one

could ______________ letters into place.ii. Pages of ______________ were then inked, then _______________

onto blank sheets to create books.

iii. The Gutenberg ______________ was the first major ___________ printed using movable type.

iv. Allowed for the ____________________________ of the Bible which greatly encouraged ______________ of Christianity.

C. ___________________

i. Wanted ____________________________ forms of the Bible to make it more ____________________________ to different people; first happens with _____________________________ when Bible was translated to German.

D. Sir Thomas Morei. Wrote a book, ___________________, which focused on a ___________________ society.

ii. Largely critical of leaders as there were no ___________________ and all people had access to ___________________.

E. ___________________ Alighierii. Wrote the _____________________________ that marked the ending of the Middle Ages due to its sharp

___________________ of ___________________ and religion.

a. Three books: "_____________________________" described life in heavenb. _____________________________ described life in purgatoryc. _____________________________ described life in hell.

F. William ___________________i. Wrote _________ plays and _________ sonnets that depicted Renaissance life

ii. Brought back Greek drama ---> ___________________ and ___________________.a. Sharply critical of ___________________b. Used analogies to show the ________________________ thinking of Middle Agesc. Many characters show the importance of individual

Quick Check #4: What caused literature to expand, and what was new literature like during the

renaissance?

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V. How did the renaissance encourage changes in scientific thinking?A. Science before the Renaissance was largely based on ____________, and then later supported by the

___________________

i. Challenging the Church on what it taught about the world was very dangerous

a. ___________________: Crime of believing or ___________________ things that go against church

teachings

ii. The Church taught the earth was ___________________

iii. The earth was the ___________________ of the ___________________ and everything moved around it.

iv. ___________________ human ___________________ was an egregious sin

v. Only way to cure disease was through ___________________ and fasting

vi. Disease, illness, and other "bad things" were ___________________ from God

vii. Everything "happens for a reason" and was the work of God - it should be ___________________ or

investigated.

viii. A new wave of ___________________ change how humans viewed the ___________________ in the

renaissance. This was called the ________________________________.

B. Nicolaus _________________________

i. Challenged the church: taught that the ____________ was the center of the _________________________

and everything revolved around it. This is called the _________________________ theory. (Helio =

_________________). <--- star in the center of the universe!

C. Johannes Kepler

i. Used _____________________________ to prove that Copernicus was ____________________; also proved that

planets to do not orbit in perfect _________________________ (_________________________)

D. Galileo _________________________

i. Agreed with Copernicus and further proved it.

ii. Invented first modern _________________________ to discover other planets; ________________ of Jupiters,

Venus, and that all _________________________ the sun.

E. Sir Francis _____________________________

i. Introduced a method to _________________ everything we know: the __________________________________.

a. Make an __________________________________

b. Ask a __________________________________

c. Make a __________________________________

d. Conduct __________________________________

e. Draw __________________________________

f. Report __________________________________ / Do again based on evidence

F. Isaac _____________________

i. Discovered the force of _____________________: all matter falls at the same _____________________ (in a

vacuum, meaning no outside forces)

Quick Check #5: What caused scientific thinking to change, and what major scientific breakthroughs occurred?

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VI. How did religious thought change during the renaissance?

A. Prior to the Renaissance, the Church _________________________ all aspects of everyday life.

i. People saw their afterlife as linked to the

approval of higher _________________________

ii. _________________________ or disobeying a

higher religious authority could risk one's fate

B. A German _________________________, named Martin

Luther, grew disgusted with a specific church practice

known as the "______________________________________."

i. The church _________________________ people to

forgive their sins

ii. Sliding _________________________ were used to

make more serious offenses more expensive

iii. Since the Bible had not been _________________, and most people could not read or write, they had to

_____________ what the Church said.

a. This inspired Luther to create the first _____________ translation of the Bible.

C. To Luther, this represented major corruption and an abuse of Church power

i. Luther created a list of _________________ problems with the church called the _______________________.

ii. He nailed this list to the ___________________ Castle Church to show his protest and outrage

iii. This marks the beginning of the _________________________________________________.

a. Protestant = ___________________

b. Reformation = ___________________ / Change in the Catholic Church

c. Movement sought to bring about changes and reforms to the Catholic Church

d. Followers of Martin Luther become known as __________________________, today a major

Protestant religion with over _________ million followers.

Quick Check #6: How did Renaissance thinking impact religious Life?

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