the relationship between foraging resources and native bee ... res… · the relationship between...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance
Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration
Steven K. Javorek and Matt C. Grant, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS
![Page 2: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Blueberry Pollinators in Prince Edward Island• Comparative Pollination Effectiveness
• Bee Abundance and Diversity
• Linking Bee Abundance to Landscape Pattern• Foraging Resource Index (FRI)
• Site Assessment Technique• Identifying Spatial and Temporal Gaps in Foraging Resources
• Restoration and Development of New Blueberry Land
Discussion Overview…
![Page 3: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
… diversified pollination strategy that maximizes the use of managed and native bees.
![Page 4: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 8
Success Rate: 24%
Deposition / Visit: 12
Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
![Page 5: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 8
Success Rate: 85%
Deposition / Visit: 28
Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees (Megachile rotundata)
![Page 6: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 13
Success Rate: 97%
Deposition / Visit: 51
Bumble Bees (Bombus)
![Page 7: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 7
Success Rate: 96%
Deposition / Visit: 46
Andrena
![Page 8: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 8
Success Rate: 24%
Deposition / Visit: 12
Halictus
![Page 9: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination StatisticsFlowers / Minute: 4
Success Rate: ?
Deposition / Visit: ?
Lasioglossum
![Page 10: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Blueberry Pollination Statistics*Flowers / Minute: 11
Success Rate: 100
Deposition / Visit: 72* Only 2 bee studied
Osmia
![Page 11: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Comparative Pollinator Equivalencies
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Osmia*
Halictus
Andrena
Bumble Bees
Leafcutting Bees (F)
Leafcutting Bees (M)
Honey Bees
Pollination Equivalency
![Page 12: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
STUDY SITES
ANDERSON RDBRISTOL
ROLLO BAY
GOOSE RIVER
HARMONY
HARPER RD
![Page 13: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dominant Native Blueberry Pollinators in PEI
![Page 14: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dominant Native Blueberry Pollinators in PEI
![Page 15: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
STEM SOIL CAVITY MANAGED
NESTING GUILD
SPEC
IES
NESTING GUILDS
7%
71%
16%
6%
STEM SOIL CAVITY
MANAGED
MANAGED
![Page 16: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Relationship between Land Cover and Bee Abundance in Blueberry Agro-EcosystemsForaging Resource Index (FRI)
![Page 17: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bees Require …A suitable nesting substrate from which they can access adequate forage over the course of individual or colonial life spans.
![Page 18: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
p<0.001
r2=0.54
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
Foraging Resource Index
![Page 19: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Resource Value Description
0 Resourcesless
1 Scanty forbs or shrubs (<1/ m2) and low diversity (1-2 species)
2 Either scattered forbs or shrubs (≈1/ M2 ) and low diversity OR scanty but more diverse (> 2 species).
3 Either dense (≈ 4-6 forbs or shrubs/ m2) and diverse (≈2-3 abundant species) OR not dense (2-3/ m2) but more diverse (3-5 abundant species).
4 Either dense (≈ 4-6 forbs or shrubs/ m2) and highly diverse (> 5 species) OR of high density (> 6 species/ m2) and not so diverse (3-5 abundant species).
5 Exceptionally dense (> 6 forbs or shrubs/ m2) and diverse (> 5 species).
Definitions of floral resource values assigned to polygons in the FRI analysis.
Floral Resources
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
FORAGING RESOURCE INDEX
![Page 20: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
Temporal Scale• Pre-Bloom• During Bloom• Early Summer• Late Summer
FORAGING RESOURCE INDEX
![Page 21: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Plant Communities and Land Cover
![Page 22: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Floral Abundance: Example - Edge
![Page 23: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Salix discolorSalix humilisCaltha palustrisPrunus pensylvanicaNemopanthus mucronataAcer rubrumRhodora canadensisCahaedaphna calyculataArctostaphylos uvi-ursiLonicera CanadensisAntennaria neglectaTaraxacum officinale
Clintonia borealisMaianthemum canadensaCypripedium acaulaSalix bebbianaRumex acetosellaArenaria laterifloraTrientalis borealisRibes lacustreAronia prunifoliaSorbus AmericanaViburnum cassinoidesFragaria virginiainaPrunus virginianaIlex verticilataViola cucullataCornus canadensisLedum groenlandicumHieracum pillosella
Habenaria cavellataHabenaria laceraHabenaria psycodesSpiranthes learaPolygonum aviculareRanunculus repensThalictrum polygonumCorydalis semipervironsRaphanus raphanistrumBrassica kaberSanacenia purpureaDrosera rotundifoliaDrosera intermediaSpirea latifoliaSpirea tomentosumRubus pubescensRubus idaeusRosa virginanaVicia craccaVicia tetraspermaHypericum perforatumHypericum canadenseEpilobium angustifoliumEpilobium adenocaulonOenothera biennisOenothera perennisAralia nudicaulisAralia hispidaPyrola ellipticaKalmia angustifolia
Gaylussacia baccataGaleopsis tetrahitLycopus americanusLycopus uniflorusSolanum dulcameraVerbascum thapsisDiervilla loniceraViburnum trilobrumLobelia inflataSolidago canadenseSolidago graminifoliaErigeron strigosusErigeron CanadensisRudbeckia serotinaAchillia millefoliumChrysabthemum leucanthemumHieracium aurantiacumHieracium floribundun
Melilotus officinalisMelilotus albaImpatiens bifloraDacus carotaGaultheria procumbensLinnaea borealisEupatorium maculatumSolidago bicolourSolidago puberulaSolidago nemoralisSolidago rugosaAster cordifoliusAster umbellateAster puniceusAster lateriflorusAster novi-belgiiAnapfalis margaritaceaGnaphalium uliginosumBidens frondosaTanacetum vulgareSenencio jacobaeaCirsium vulgareSonchus arvensisPrenanthes trifolataLactuca biennis
Pre-Bloom
During Bloom
Early Summer Late Summer
Flowering Plant Survey: Anderson Road Blueberry Agro-Ecosystem
![Page 24: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TAXA APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
Colletes (inaequalis, validis)
Colletes
Hylaeus
Andrena
Andrena (Cnemidandrena)
Protandrena
Perdita
Calliopsis
Agochlora pura
Agochlorella striata
Agapostemon (females)
Agapostemon (males)
Halictus (females)
Halictus (males)
Lasioglossum (females)
Lasioglossum (males)
Sphecodes
Macropis nuda
Stelis
Coelioxys
Megachile
Hoplitis
Osmia
Ceratina calcarata
Nomada
Triepeolis
Epeolis
Melissodes
Bombus
Psithyrus
Seasonal Bee Activity Periods
![Page 25: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PRE-BLOOM
![Page 26: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
BLOOM
![Page 27: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
EARLY SUMMER
![Page 28: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LATE SUMMER
![Page 29: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Site Assessment
Identifying Spatial and Temporal Foraging Gaps
![Page 30: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Land Cover Class PercentAbandoned Land 1.91
All Edge 0.85
Blueberry Crop 19.04
Blueberry Sprout 11.69
Bog 1.99
Cranberry 0.48
Deep Marsh 2.29
Dirt Road 0.97
Forest Non Resource 15.75
Forest Resource 25.46
Grain Field 1.71
Hay Field 4.68
Hedgerow 0.28
Homestead 0.59
Meadow 1.30
Open Water 3.23
Pasture 0.08
Paved Road 0.23
Potatoes 1.06
Regeneration 2.47
Salt Marsh 0.06
Sand Dune 3.23
Shallow Swamp 0.24
Shrub Swamp 0.17
Shrubby 0.27
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
![Page 31: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
… local bee populations are determined by resources available within a 1000 metre radius.
The Spatial Component
![Page 32: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Land Cover Class PercentAbandoned Land 2.66
Blueberry Crop 15.08
Blueberry Sprout 21.70
Bog 0.32
Cranberry 0.73
Deep marsh 0.66
Dirt Road 2.05
Forest No Resource 15.82
Forest Resource 22.17
Grain Field 6.84
Hay Field 4.82
Hedgerow 0.28
Homestead 0.35
Meadow 0.46
Open Water 1.35
Pasture 0.34
Potatoes 0.70
Regeneration 1.64
Shallow Swamp 0.68
Shrubby 0.03
Edge All 1.31
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
FORAGING RESOURCE INDEXLand Cover
![Page 33: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
nFRI = ∑ (Pi × Ri)
i=1
Grid Cell = 100 x 100 metres
Foraging Resource Index: Site Assessment
![Page 34: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Foraging ResourceIndex
No ResourcesVery LowLowModerateHighVery High
PRE-BLOOM
Anderson Road Blueberry Agro-Ecosystem
![Page 35: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
DURING BLOOM
Foraging ResourceIndex
No ResourcesVery LowLowModerateHighVery High
Anderson Road Blueberry Agro-Ecosystem
![Page 36: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Foraging ResourceIndex
No ResourcesVery LowLowModerateHighVery High
EARLY SUMMER
Anderson Road Blueberry Agro-Ecosystem
![Page 37: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Foraging ResourceIndex
No ResourcesVery LowLowModerateHighVery High
LATE SUMMER
Anderson Road Blueberry Agro-Ecosystem
![Page 38: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Site Assessment
Moderate Resource Site
![Page 39: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Radius Around Field
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
500m750m1000m
PRE-BLOOM
![Page 40: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Radius Around Field
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
500m750m1000m
DURING BLOOM
![Page 41: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Radius Around Field
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
500m750m1000m
EARLY SUMMER
![Page 42: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Radius Around Field
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
500m750m1000m
LATE SUMMER
![Page 43: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Site Assessment
Low Resource Site
![Page 44: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pre Bloom
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
PRE-BLOOM
![Page 45: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pre Bloom
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
DURING BLOOM
Sprout
![Page 46: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pre Bloom
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
EARLY SUMMER
![Page 47: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pre Bloom
Fora
ging
Res
ourc
e In
dex
LATE SUMMER
![Page 48: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Restoration
Edges
Create and Enhance Regeneration Areas
Leave Strip of Blueberry to Flower in Sprout Year
OR
Modify Crop/Sprout Mosaic
Shelterbelts
![Page 49: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Summary …
• We need a diversified pollination strategy for the lowbush blueberry industry.
• Managed Bees (Honey Bees and Leafcutting Bees)
• Native Bees
• Native bee abundance at blueberry strongly influenced by local resource availability (1000 metres).
• Site assessment can identify spatial and temporal gaps in foraging resource availability.
• Assessments can be used to:
• Understand potential native bee pollination contribution
• Strategically guide restoration efforts
• Maintain critical bee habitat when new land is being developed.
![Page 50: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Acknowledgements …
Chris Jordan
PEI Wild Blueberry Growers Association
Jasper Wyman and Sons
Lorne Valley Ranch
![Page 51: The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee ... res… · The Relationship Between Foraging Resources and Native Bee Abundance. Guidelines for Site Assessment and Restoration](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070709/5ebbbb7763ee1f30531cfcbb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Thank You !