The ReformationThe Reformation

Chapter 17 Section 3Chapter 17 Section 3

Problems in the Catholic Problems in the Catholic ChurchChurch

Popes were too Popes were too busy pursuing busy pursuing worldly affairs to worldly affairs to take care of take care of spiritual duties.spiritual duties.

Priests and monks Priests and monks poorly educated.poorly educated.

Others married, Others married, gambled, drank.gambled, drank.

Pope Leo XPope Leo X

Needed money to Needed money to build St. Peter’s build St. Peter’s BasilicaBasilica

Sold Indulgences-Sold Indulgences-pardon’s that pardon’s that reduced a souls reduced a souls time in purgatorytime in purgatory

NationalismNationalism

People’s People’s allegiances in allegiances in Europe are now Europe are now devoted to their devoted to their nation or state nation or state not the churchnot the church

Early ReformersEarly Reformers

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe English born in 1330English born in 1330 Believed the church Believed the church

should give up their should give up their earthly possessionsearthly possessions

Who does not approve Who does not approve of these views?of these views?

Jan Hus (yahn HOOS)Jan Hus (yahn HOOS)

Born in southern Born in southern Bohemia in 1370Bohemia in 1370

Preached about the Preached about the immorality and immorality and worldliness of the worldliness of the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Excommunicated, Excommunicated, tried for heresy and tried for heresy and burned at the stake burned at the stake

Call for ReformCall for Reform

Christian Christian humanists criticize humanists criticize the worldliness of the worldliness of the Catholic the Catholic Church.Church.

Martin LutherMartin Luther

German scholarGerman scholar Took a stand against Took a stand against

the sale of the sale of indulgences in indulgences in 15171517..

Indulgence – a Indulgence – a pardon (some people pardon (some people led to believe that led to believe that they could buy their they could buy their way into heaven).way into heaven).

95 Theses95 Theses

1517, Luther posts 95 formal 1517, Luther posts 95 formal problems with the church on the door problems with the church on the door of the church in Wittenburg.of the church in Wittenburg.

Written in Academic LatinWritten in Academic Latin After being printed, his statements After being printed, his statements

began the began the Reformation Reformation (a (a movement for religious reform).movement for religious reform).

The PostThe Post

Church door was Church door was used as a bulletin used as a bulletin board for issues to board for issues to be debated.be debated.

Luther’s teachingsLuther’s teachings 1) Salvation only through faith not 1) Salvation only through faith not

good worksgood works 2) All Church teaching should be based 2) All Church teaching should be based

on the words of the Bible and people on the words of the Bible and people should interpret the Bible individually should interpret the Bible individually (not the pope)(not the pope)

3) All people with faith are equal3) All people with faith are equal 4) Jesus is the only leader of the 4) Jesus is the only leader of the

Church, not the popeChurch, not the pope

ExcommunicationExcommunication

Luther is Luther is excommunicated excommunicated by the Pope Leo X by the Pope Leo X after he refuses to after he refuses to take back his take back his statements in statements in 1520.1520.

Luther Labeled a HereticLuther Labeled a Heretic

After refusing to recant his After refusing to recant his statements, Luther was labeled an statements, Luther was labeled an outlaw and a heretic by the emperor.outlaw and a heretic by the emperor.

Luther hid out and translated the Luther hid out and translated the New Testament into German.New Testament into German.

Edict of WormsEdict of Worms

Luther summoned Luther summoned to appear before to appear before Holy Roman Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Emperor Charles V

Edict of Worms: Edict of Worms: Outlawed and Outlawed and condemned his condemned his writingswritings

LutheransLutherans

By 1530 Luther By 1530 Luther and his followers and his followers became a separate became a separate religious group religious group called Lutherans.called Lutherans.

Civil War in GermanyCivil War in Germany

Holy Roman Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Emperor Charles V goes to war against goes to war against Protestant princes Protestant princes in Germanyin Germany

ProtestantProtestant – term – term applied to all applied to all Christians who Christians who belonged to non-belonged to non-Catholic churchesCatholic churches

Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg

German princes German princes agree in 1555 that agree in 1555 that the religion of each the religion of each German state German state would be decided would be decided by its ruler.by its ruler.

Ulrich ZwingliUlrich Zwingli

Reformation Reformation priest in priest in SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Radical reformerRadical reformer Theocracy: Theocracy:

Government in Government in which church and which church and state are joinedstate are joined

John CalvinJohn Calvin

Born in 1509Born in 1509 Next to Next to

Luther=most Luther=most important reformerimportant reformer

Predestination-God Predestination-God knows who will be knows who will be saved before saved before people are bornpeople are born

CalvinCalvin

Set up a Set up a theocracy in theocracy in Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandSwitzerland

People are sinful People are sinful so strict laws are so strict laws are neededneeded

Other ReformersOther Reformers

1. John Knox-1. John Knox-PresbyterianPresbyterian

2. Anabaptists-2. Anabaptists-baptism for adultsbaptism for adults Lead to Lead to

Mennonites, Amish Mennonites, Amish Mennonites and Mennonites and HutteritesHutterites

England Becomes England Becomes ProtestantProtestant

King Henry VIII of King Henry VIII of England was England was convinced that his convinced that his wife, Catherine of wife, Catherine of Aragon, would not Aragon, would not have a sonhave a son

He asked the pope He asked the pope for an annulmentfor an annulment

Pope refusedPope refused

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Henry fell in love Henry fell in love with Anne with Anne BoleynBoleyn

Reformation ParliamentReformation Parliament

1529 Parliament 1529 Parliament ends Pope’s power ends Pope’s power in England.in England.

1534 – 1534 – Act of Act of SupremacySupremacy – – makes the English makes the English king, not the pope, king, not the pope, official head of the official head of the Church of England.Church of England.

Henry VIII Gets RichHenry VIII Gets Rich

Henry VIII closes all Henry VIII closes all English English monasteries and monasteries and seizes their seizes their possessions.possessions.

Wives of Henry VIIIWives of Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon: had no male Catherine of Aragon: had no male heir, divorcedheir, divorced

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Married in 1533Married in 1533 Anne Boleyn: No Anne Boleyn: No

male heir, male heir, imprisoned, imprisoned, beheaded.beheaded.

Gave birth to Gave birth to ElizabethElizabeth

Jane SeymourJane Seymour

Jane Seymour: Jane Seymour: gave birth to a gave birth to a male heir (Edward male heir (Edward VI). Died from VI). Died from complications. complications. Probably Henry’s Probably Henry’s favorite wife.favorite wife.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves: ugly or hot? Helped Anne of Cleves: ugly or hot? Helped to make an alliance with Germany, to make an alliance with Germany, Henry said she looked like a horse Henry said she looked like a horse and quickly divorced her.and quickly divorced her.

Catherine HowardCatherine Howard

Catherine Howard: Catherine Howard: she was 19, Henry she was 19, Henry was almost 50. was almost 50. Cousin of Anne Cousin of Anne Boleyn. Accused of Boleyn. Accused of having too many having too many lovers. Beheaded lovers. Beheaded in the Tower of in the Tower of London.London.

Katherine ParrKatherine Parr

Katherine Parr: Katherine Parr: Looked after Henry Looked after Henry in his old age and in his old age and outlived him.outlived him.

All Three of Edward’s Children All Three of Edward’s Children RuleRule

Edward VI – became king at nine, Edward VI – became king at nine, Protestants kept power.Protestants kept power.

Mary – Catholic, returns English Mary – Catholic, returns English Church to the rule of the pope. Church to the rule of the pope. (“Bloody Mary”)(“Bloody Mary”)

Elizabeth I – returns England to Elizabeth I – returns England to Protestantism.Protestantism.

Elizabeth’s RuleElizabeth’s Rule

Parliament sets up Parliament sets up national church. national church. Church of England Church of England (Anglican Church) (Anglican Church) becomes only legal becomes only legal church and people church and people are required to are required to attend its services.attend its services.

Anglican ChurchAnglican Church

Provisions for both Catholics and Provisions for both Catholics and ProtestantsProtestants Some English, some LatinSome English, some Latin Priests could marryPriests could marry Some aspects of Catholic services.Some aspects of Catholic services.