the reformation 1500s
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The Reformation 1500s. The Reformers. Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII. Remember:. The Church was incredibly powerful and influential-even over nobility They taught that they could not be wrong about anything . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Reformation 1500s
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Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII
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Remember:
• The Church was incredibly powerful and influential-even over nobility
• They taught that they could not be wrong about anything.
• If you disagreed you could be excommunicated (or declared a heretic…death)
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However:• New literacy (Gutenberg’s
printing press) led to new interpretation of Bible
• Scientific advances which contradicted the church
• The behavior of some priests during the Black Death gave people doubt
• Humanism led to new ideas about the importance of every individual
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Lived in Germany, trained in law
Chooses life as a monk
Upset over local corruption
Priest Tetzel selling indulgences (tickets to heaven)
Collects ideas and writes 95 Theses
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A list of things he thought were wrong (95 Complaints)-mailed to Pope
The Power of the Pope…all are equal in eyes of God
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of salvation)
No celibacy, vernacular, faith alone!
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Gutenberg’s printing press spread ideas
Gained support from people… especially peasants*
Criticism/negative reaction from Rome
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The Diet of Worms (court trial)1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefs (recant)Luther burned the order and was excommunicatedLuther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further-equality in faith, mass in vernacular!
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Some local German churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German princes* who issued a formal “protest” against the church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants
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Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots*
Germany = Reform Church
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Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “salvation through faith alone.”
Believed theocracy best government
Created his own Protestant denomination in Switzerland
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Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
“puritan work ethic”
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Calvin believed in:
Predestination
At birth it is already decided if you will go to heaven or hell
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“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
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For what cause would you risk burning at the
stake?
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1. German princes vs. Emperor Charles V
2. Charles V wins, but can’t force everyone back to Catholic Church3. 1555 Peace of Augsburg:
Official faith decided by local ruler
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# of followers
Catholic Protestant (Lutheran, Anglican, etc.)
1500 A.D.1560 A.D.1600 A.D.
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• The Catholic Church wants to stop the spread of Protestantism
• It was losing members which meant: losing money, land and authority
• They refocused and reformed a number of practices following the:
• Council of Trent (Catholic Reformation)
• Opened theology schools to counter Protestant experts (ex/ Jesuits)
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The Council of Trent 1545-63
• Catholic bishops gathered to reform and counter Protestants
• No more indulgences • Church decides interpretation of
Bible• 7 sacraments not just bap/com• Pilgrimage/penance forgive sins
(good works + faith upheld)• Clerical celibacy upheld• Mass continue in Latin
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PuritanHuguenots
Presbyterian
Mennonites/Amish