the r tbrarv of al-savk kalrd ar sernazurl al naeseanoi (o ... · the r tbrarv of al-savk kalrd...
TRANSCRIPT
THE r TBRARv oF AL-SAvK KALrD ar_SernazuRl AL_NAeSeANoI (o. tz42nszt):
-
A FACSIMILE OFTFTE INVENTORY OF HIS LIBRARY (MSDAMASCUS, MAKTABAT AL-ASAD, NO. 259)*
I.INTRODUCTION
On 14 
-56 S U F I O R D E R S
hacl survir,ed only, by reason of its being written on the f1y-leaf of one of his
books, al-QAmus al-Muhlt.l The text of the waqfiyya preceding the inventory
o1' Kalid's l ibrary rvas copied on Monday, 7 Gumada II 1270 (7 March 1854).
Waqfiyyct and inventor)' lvere copied by the same copyist. This inventory,
rihich is the core of the manuscript under discussion, is follolved by the
minutes (mahdar) of a court session which was to settle the dispute betrveen
Kalid's descendants over the status of the books.
The contents of the texts suggest that the waqfiyya was copied and the
inventory made primarily to be used in this court session. If the dating of the
minutes (5 Gumada I11210 / 5 March 1852t) is correct, horvever, this lvould
mean that the daJtar lvas completed tr,vo days after the session. In this case it
could have been compiled to serve, in conjunction lvith the legalized copy of
the minutes, as a deed of olvnership. However, the fact that the minutes
explicitly refer to the contents ol the daftar (see e.g. line 12 of the text of the
mafuQar: ... kam6 mubln bi-hada al-daftar ...) excludes this possibil i ty:
obviously Ihe daftar lvas presented in court.
Another explanation fbr the seemingly reversed chronology of the dates
could be that the text preceding the inventory was added, on a space which had
especially been left blank for the purpose, after the court session. Here the
contents of the documents rvill have been known to all parties anyrvay. The
introductory nature of the text (cf . bayan'iddat al-kutub al-mawguda...)
suggests, horvever, that it rvas conceived to be an integral part of the daftar
from the beginning. Also the position of the seals suggests that the text of the
claftar rvas completed and that the seals rvere stamped across the rvritten pages
before the minutes lvere added: seals blur the text of the daftar in a number of
cases, lvhile the minutes seem to have been rvritten carefully around the seals.
Thus, since the introductor) text cannot have been added after the court
session, and since the daftar cannot have been compiled to serve as a deed of
ownership, it seems only possible to explain the dating of the legalized copy
of the minutes as a scribal error.
2. THE WAQFIYYA
As mentioned in the waqfiyya, al-1ayk Kalid himself had written the
deed on the fly-leaf of al-Qamas al-Muhrt. The text of the waqf deed,
transcribed at the beginning of the inventory of the library, is also reproduced
in 'Abd al-Mafid al-Kani's al-Hada'iq al-Wardiyya, where it is preceded by an
account by which Kalid made it known tohislallfas and disciples that he had
made all his books woqf.z The waqJiyya stipulates that:
iThi, "opy of al-Firlzabadi's dictionary figures in the inventory as the first item in the rubric
kutub al -lu7a (f. 10b). An explicit mention of the waqlfiya is part of the description of this item'zal-Kani. al-flada'iq, p. 248.
THE r TRRARY OF AL-SAYK KALrD AL-SAHRAZUnT- ar_NaoSnawol 57
| . the tawliya and the nazar of the waqf are to be held by Kalid's eldestsons. and by their sons lhereafter;l
2. in the case ofthese sons and their children being dead (or indisposed),the tawliya and nazariyya will be held, in order of precedence, by Isma'ilal-Inarlni, Mulrammad al-Nasih,'Abd al-Fattah, and Isma'il Efendi al-Gazz\;2
3. r.vhen one of the sons loses the tawliya of the waqf ; but laterqualifies for this function again, the tawliya rvili be restored to him and rvillnot remain with one of the persons mentioned above;
4. in the absence of sons, the tawliyo and naTar will be held by one of(alid's closest relatives, one after the other, provided that he has knolvledgeand piety;
5. thereaf ter [ i .e . in the absence of qual i f ied persons in theaforementioned categoriesl, the most pious, righteous and knowledgeablemember of the Naqsbandiyya Kalidiyya wil l assume the tawliya ant),nazariyya;
6. thereafter, another pious member of the Naq5bandiyya, or of any ofthe other tarlqas of the saints, may hold these offices;
7. all books are made waqf in accordance with the masfuqb of al-Imamal-Safi'i;3
8. no badal is allolved, not even of the smallest tract.4
3. THE COURT PROCEEDINGS AND THE VERDICT
The court was presided over by 'Ali Rid[, the Chief Judge (qddlal-qudat) of Damascus, while the muffi of Damascus.5 Muhammad Tahir
lThe lunction of tuwliya of awuqf, exercised by the mutawalii, implies the administration of awaqf.The mutawalh is sometimes referred ro as muirif of the waq.f. The duties of nazariyya,exercised by the nazir, concern the conservation of the wuqf. Offen, lhe mutawalll is lookedupon as the one lvho controls rhe nazir. According to Ibn'Abidin, neither mutawalll nor nazir?n act independ,e_ntly; c_f.^-E. clavel, Le waqf ou habous d'apr\s la doctrine et lu.jurisprutlence,Cairo 1896, vol. II, pp. 6 ff.zAll four were kallfas of Kalid; see al-Kani, pp. 244,218,259,260f.; al-Bagdedi, p. 67; and'Abd al-Razzaq al-Baytar, Hilyat al-Baiar fi Ta'rI k al -earn aI -!ali1 A.iar, Damascus 1957,vo l I . p . 881 .3Kalid himself followed the Safi'i maQhab, which is also illusrrated by the relatively largenumber of books in his library on Saf ite law. However, the explicit statement thaL the waqf tvasestablished in accordance with this maQhab may have been inspired by the fact that the otherschools restrict the kinds of moveable property which may be made waqlf; cf . A. y. Massouda,contribution a l'6tude du waqt'.en Droit dgyptien, Paris-1925, p. 113;-and clavel, vol. I, pp.l95ff. In the case of books made into a family waqf, ustfrucr iests with the members of i6efamily. The books may not be moved from the library; Massouda, pp. 1l,l f."onbadal/istibdal (exchange of the part or the whole of awaqf for similar goods or money),see e.g. Mu,frammad Zayd al-Ibyani, Kitab Mabahil al-Waqf , Cairo 1924,59 ff.; cf. Clavel,vol . I , p. 259.)On th" of f ices of muft t and qadt a l -qudat, see e.g. ,Abd al -Kar im Rd.f iq, a l - 'Arabwa'l-'Ulmaniyyun, 1516-1917, Damascus 1971,pp.52 f., and also H. A. R. Gibb & H. Bowen,lslamic Society and the West,I/ii, p. I 14.
5 8 S U F I O R D E R S
Efendi,l n'as also present. The dispute involved tlvo female descendants of
at-Sayk Kalid : al-sctyyida Kadiga Hanim bintal-iayftYlsuf Efendi al-Kurdi
al-NaqSbandl and at-halga Aftab bint 'Abdallah.2 The plaintiff, al-sayyida
Kadiga, \\'as represented by al-iayftYahya b. Asad Allah al-Harrati. The legal
representative of the clefendant, al-hagga Aftab, was 'Umar Efendi b. Yusuf al-
Kurdi.3 Legal representation of both women lvas certif ied by the judge, in
accordance rvith the testimony concerning the proper legal status of the
representation in the case of each representative given by 'Abd al-Qadir b.
Sams al-Din al-Kurdi and Da'td b. 'Abd Allah al-Kurdi.At-sayyida Kadiga claimed that the books of al-iayftKalid had been the
property of his deceased son Nagm al-Din Efendi,4 rvho had been her legal
representative, and that she was now entitled to her mandatory share of these
books. The defendant, however, obstructed her from obtaining her share by
denying that the books lvere property, claiming instead that on the strength of
the waqJ:deed rvritten inthe Qamus these constituted a family waqf established
b5'at-|ayk Kalid. The text of the deed was presented to the judge, rvho
requested that two persons testify that the books concerned rvere waqf \n
aciordance rv i th the st ipulat ions of the wdqi f ment ioned.5 l t -Sayf t
Muhammad Efendi b. 'Abdallah al-Kani al-NaqSbandi and al-hagg Kidr Efendi
b. 'Abd al-Karim Efendi al-Kurdr al-Naq5bandi6 testified that they had known
the waqif and the books, and that the books \,vere the waqf of al-iayftKalid on
the strength of r,vhat was stipulated in the waqf deed.The muftl and the court
clerk, Ahmad Nuri al-Qal'i, attested to the honourable record of both lvitnesses(tazkiya),and the testimony of both rlisciples of al-iayftKalid was accepted.T
This led the judge to declare thewaqf legally valid and the contents of
the waqf deed as legally binding, as claimed by the defendant. He prohibited the
plaintiff and the other descendants of al-SayftKalid to obstruct the defendant.
rThis is Muhammad Tahir Efendi al-Amidi, the muftl rvho rvas exiled from Damascus. together
with a number of 'ulama', as part of the punitive actions taken by the Ottoman Foreign Minister
Fu'ad PaSa following the massacre of Christians in Damascus in 1860: see Muhammad Adrb al-
Hisn1 Muntakabat al-Ta'rIk li-Dimaiq, Damascus 19321, vol. lI, p.267.
2The granddaughter of al-3ayft Kalid and the daughter of one of his kaltfas, 'AbdAllah
a1-Hirrawi; cf. al-Bagdadi, p. 70. I have not been able to establish the precise family relationship
between ad-Kadifa and futab.3N.ith", of these two legal representatives is mentioned by al- Kani, al-Bagdadi, or al-Baytar.46ati0 traU four sons, and one daughter: see al-Kani, p. 258.5Two testimonies by male witnesses are sufficient to prove awuqf; cf' Massouda, pp.274t';
al-Ibvani o. 154.6On M.rhu*.ad b. 'Abd Al lah al -Kani , see al -Baytar , vol . I I I , p. 1210' Kidr Efendi is not
mentioned in any of the published sources mentioned in the preceding notes. His testimony
implies that he must have known al-iayf; Kalid at least as lvell as the other rvitness did. This
makes it fairly certain that he was one of Kalid's disciples, if not one of his f,altfas.7Fo, u .ornprehensive discussion of tuz.kiya, see e.g. D. Santillana, Instituz.ioni di dirittrtrnusulmano malichita con riguurdo anche al sistema sciafiita, Roma 1938, vol' II, pp. 600 ff.
THE r rRRARy OF AL-SAYK KALrD AL-SATRAZUN aL_NaOSSANDT 59
Thereupon, the plaintiff claimed that the waqf was not legally binding,since there was no original deed, the waqfhad not been registered, and no judgehad passed verdict concerning its legal validiry when the waqf was established.l
Eventually, after consultation, the judge gave as verdict that the waqfrvas valid and legally binding in accordance with the opinions of the ImamsAbu Ylsuf and Muhammad,2 that it had to be honoured, and that it lvould beregistered.3 Finally, he prohibited the plaintiff to obstruct the defendant in (themanagement of) the waqf.1
4. THE INVENTORY AND ITS CONTENTS
The inventory is described by Mul,rammad Riyad al-Malih in hiscatalogue of the Sufi manuscripts in the Zahiriyya Library in Damascus.5 Itseems that the entire holdings of this library were recently incorporated into alarger organization, namely the Asad National Library (Maktabat al-Asad,P.O.Box 3639, Damascus), so called after the President of the Syrian ArabRepublic. In this library the MS has retained its original number, 259. Thepresent study and facsimile edition r,vere made on the basis of a microfilmpresented by the Asad National Library to the Library of the University ofLeiden in the course of october 198-5, through the services of the Dutchembassy in Damascus.6 According to the Tahiriyya Library catalogue, theoriginal MS measures 40 x 14 cm to the page. The facsimile is therefore notgiven in actual size, but somelvhat reduced. It contains 14 numbered folios; ofthese /. la is the title-page and f. l4b rvould seem to be blank. On fi lb and144 are the legal texts concerning the status of the waqf of al-iayk Kalid'smanuscript collection. on the title-page is a waqf stamp, containing the nameof al-sayk Kalid al-Naqsbandi. This stamp is repeated two or three times onevery opening of the inventory in the inner margins of the pages, giving it theimpression of a legal document, which it was, not to be tampered r.vith. In thisrespect also it is clear, that the inventory olves its existence to the legal actionpreviously described.
'See Clavel, vol..I, pp. 268 ff. for established practice and for different opinions concerning theneed for registration of the waq;f deed.ale. the Imam Ab[ Yusuf al-Ansari al-Kufi and the Imam Muhammad al-Saybani. Both aredisciples of the Imam Abu Hanifa.3the fact that Hanafi law is followed in the case of a dispute over a waqf estabhshed by anadherent of the Saf i madhab seems to reflect the rise of the Hanafi madhab in Damascus in thelSth century; cf. J. Voll, 'Old 'Ulama' Families and Ottoman lnfluence in Eiehteenth-CenturvDamascus' in: American Journal of Arabic Studies 3 (1975), pp. 48-49.4lhe witnesses mentioned at the end of the mahdar are Ahmad Nuri al-Qal'i (the court clerk);'Abd al-Qedir Efendi (one-time head of the clerks in the Mahkamat al-Bdb in Damascus:Muhammad Gamil al-Satti, A'yan Dimaiq, Damascus 1972, pp. 19); Hdfi Efendi Makdlmi (?):sayyid'Abd al-Razzaq al-Qutb, Ahmad al-War{ant, al-iayk Ahmad al-Katlb (a f;alrfa otal-Sayft Kdlid; see al-Kdni, pp.275,259; al-Bagdadi, p.52).\ -')ee aoove p. )) note /.oMicrofilm registered in the Oriental Department of the Library as F.Or. A 103g.
60 S U F ' I O R D E R S
-lhe material in the int'entory is arranged according to subject, and each
subject is pror,ided rvith headings, in red ink. The titles lvithin each subject are
mostl) shortenecl, rvith a summary indication of the author, the number of
r.'olumes, and their size. The latter was important for the precise identification
o1' the manuscripts, especially as they \,vere the object of a legal action. The
formats mentioned are qa!' al-nisf (folio), qat'al-rub'(quarto)' qat'al-tumn
(octavo) qat'al-kdmil (the'perfect' size. possibly a large size in betrveen folio
and quarto; royal octavo ?), al-kamil kablr (apparently a format larger than
kamil).I only in exceptional cases are more details added to the entries. The
tit les are written, in black ink, in graphic unities of an approximate equal
height and rvidth, so that the pages usually contain ten or eleven columns and
fbur horizontal rorvs. It is a method of presenting book inventories which r'vas
rvidespread in the Middle East, and which permits easy brolvsing.2 Although
printed Arabic books of Islamic contents were, to a limited extent (in both
number of copies ancl of titles), available in the Ottoman Empirer during the
owner's l i fetime (1779-1827), the inventory contains only manuscripts. This
is, once again, an i l lustration of horv long the manuscript age in fact
continued to last in the Middle East: till rvell into the 19th century.
on /. lb is an introductory text which reads as follolvs, after the
basmala and kamdala: 'List of the number of books fbund in the library of
(...) al-iayLal-Naqsbandi al-Mufaddidi (...), which he instituted as a religious
endorvment for his children. He explained the conditions of this endowment in
a copy of al-Qamus al-MufuI1 in his orvn handr,vrit ing and with his own
r,vords: 'I have endowed this book and the rest of my books fbr God Almighty'
with this provision that the tawliya and the nazariyya are for my children in
order of seniority, and then for their children and their offspring, then for my
companion Isma'il al-Inarani, then Muhammad al-Nasih, then 'Abd al-Fattah,
then Isma'il al-Gazz7. whenel'er one of my children becomes, once again.
qualified for the tawliya after he has lost it, the tawliya rvill be returned to him
from the hands of the persons mentioned by me with their names. If the
immediate family has died out the tawliya and nazar wil l go to my closest
relatives, in order of closeness, provided he has learning and piety' Thereafter
the tawliya will be held by the most pious, righteous and learned member of
the Naqsbandiyya Kalidiyya order, and thereafter it will be for any of the
sincere Muslims in this order and the other orders of the Saints. I have
endowed these books, both the precious ones and those that are not precious.
accordinp to the rules in the school of the imam (...) al-Safi ' i (...). whoever
l ln fact, these are not indications of fixed fbrmats, but rather of the number of times a sheet
tr fof,i"a for obtaining leaves. One fold produces folio, two folds_ gives quarto and three folds
gives octavo. The size Jf the original sheef, of course, determined the format of the leaves.
2similu.ly executed booklists are, for instance, the Leiden MSS Or. 7l28and or.7069, cf' P.
Vooit o"Je, Harultist rf Arabic Manuscripts (2nd edition, The Hague etc. 1980), pp. 413-1.
3wuhid Gdoura, Le ddbut de l'imprimerie arabe d Istanbul et en Syrie: dvolution de
I'environnement culturel (1706-1787), Tunis 1985, pp. 208 ff.
Tmr TRRARY OFAL-SAYK KALTDAL_SAHRAZURTAL_NAQSBANDI 6l
makes a substitute for even a tiny tract, may he be cursed by God, the Angelsand Man together. (...) This is in rhe year 1210. (...) This he said rvith hisolvn tongue and he has signed, rvriting with his olvn fingers: 'the poor servantof God, Kalid al-Naq5bandi al-Mugaddidi al-Qadiri (...)'.'This is what the iay!said. Thus registered on Monday, the seventh day of Gumada II of the year1270.'
Then follorv the titles. For each subject the subtotal of volumes isindicated. For some of these subjects I mention titles of some of the booksfound there. I have also indicated the approximate number of different titles,although the summarily noted titles do not always allow an unequivocalidentification. The follorving subj ects are di stingui shed:
tU "f lb. Copies of the Qur'an. Number of i tems: 6; number ofvolumes: 10.
l2l ff. I b-2a. Books on Qur'anic exegesis. Number of items: -57;number of volumes: 82; number of different tittes: 42. A number of cooies ofthe commentar ies by al-Zamak5ari and al-Baydawi is mentioned. Nospecif ical ly myst ical Qur 'anic commentary is mentioned. Books onmysticism, are mentioned under a special heading Uf. 7b-8b). Even if theycontain a significant amount of Sufi interpretation of verses of the eur'an, likeIbn 'Arabi's al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya, or some of the mystical lvorks ofal-Gazzali,they are not considered to belong to the literary genre of tafslr.
L3lff.2b-3b. Books on Tradition. Number of items: 108; number ofvolumes: 153; number of different titles: 98. one complete copy of al-Bukari'ssahlh is rnentioned and also a number of fragments of the r,vork. one copy ofthe Sunan by Abu Dawld, and one copy of Muslim's $ahth. The otherso-called canonic collections are not present.
I4l f. 3b. Books on the technical terminology used in Tradition.Number of items: 21; number of volumes: 2l ; number of different titles: 19.
$l ff. aa-b. Books on dogmatics. Number of items: 86; number ofvolumes: 94; number of diff'erent titles: 61.
16l ff. 5a-6a. Books on law, according to the school of al-Safi' i.Number of items: ll3; number of volumes: 178; number of different titles:104. A number of copies of the Tullfa by Ibn Hagar is given. From thenumber of books on Safi' i law in this and the two following sections it is,once more, clear that al-iayft Kalid was a follor,ver of the Safi'i maQhab.
17lf.6a. Books on the law of inheritance, according to the school ofal-Safi'i. Number of items: 20; number of volumes: 201 number of difT'erenttitles: 20. Books of arithmetic contents by Ibn al-Ha'im are given under thisheading as well.
tSl /. 6b. Books on the theory of lalv, according to the school ofal-Saf i. Number of items: 32; number of volumes: 38; number of differenttitles: 28. A Sarh Gam'al-Gawami'by al-iaykKalid himself is mentioned.
6 2 S U F I O R D E R S
l9l f. 6b. Books on the theory of larv, according to the school of Abtr
Hanifa. Number of items: 9; number of volumes: 9; number of different titles:
9 .ll0l "f. 7a. Books on law, according to the school of Ab[ Hanifa.
Number of items: 27; number of volumes: 27; number of different titles: 24.
[1] | /7a. Books on law, according to the school of lbn Hanbal.
Number of items: 2; number of volumes: 7; number of different titles: 2.
Il2l ff.7b-8b. Books on Islamic mysticism. Number of items: 128;
number of volumes: 134; number of different titles: 121. Several rvorks by
Ibn'Arabi, al-Gazzali, Suhrawardi, Ibn al-Farid,'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani,'Abd
al-Gani al-Nabulusi, Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi and numerous other Slfi authors,
are mentioneil. This part of the collection makes, not surprisingly, the most
varied and many-sided impression. The last item (f: 8b) is a treatise containingthe silsila of the Kalidiyya order. Several texts in Persian are included under
this heading as rvell.
t13l / . 9a. Books on history. Number of i tems: 26; number of
volumes: 27: number of different titles: 26. A number of biographical<lictionaries is mentioned under this heading. Haggi Kalifa's Kaif al-Zunun,an Asaml al-Kutub wa-al-Funun, in trvo parts in one binding, is mentioned
here as well.tl4l ff.9a-b. Books of philological contents. Number of items: 26;
number of volumes: 29; number of different titles: 26. A copy of and
commentaries on al-Hariri 'S Durrat al-Gawwa.s are mentioned. The text of
al-Hariri's Maqamat is mentioned rvith several commentaries on it. A copy of
the Dlwan al-Hamasa by al-Buhturi (f. 9a) is mentioned, which is a very rare
MS incleed.lll5llf:9b-10a. Books on Arabic syntax. Number of items: 47; number
of volumes: 56; number of different titles: 45. Several commentaries on the
KAfiya are mentioned.t16l /. lOa. Books on Arabic morphology. Number of items: 9; number
of volumes: l6; number of different titles: 9.
I17ll' lOb. Arabic lexicons. Number of items: 18; number of volumes:
22; number of different titles: 15. The first item is al-Qamus al-Muhlt, in
tlvo parts in one binding, r,vhich is the copy in rvhich the original waqf note
was contained, lvritten in the hand of the waqif. It is a luxuriously' executed
manuscript, rvith text in columns or frames (mugadwal) and lvith gold ink
used in it (muQahhab).
l18lff.l0b-11a. Books on the theory of style and rhetoric. Number of
items: 19: number of volumes: 30; number of different titles: 18.
I According to c. Brockelm ann, GAL S I, 41 and Fuat Sezgin, GA{ Jt, pe. 7.2-3, the Leiden MSOr. 889 (P. Voorhoeve, Harullist, p. 108), is the only known MS of this anthology'
THE LIBRARY OF AL-SAYK KALID AL-SAMAZTIRI ALNAQSEANDI 63
l l9l ff. 11a-b. Books on logic and philosophy. Number of items: 36;number of volumes: .{1;number of different titles: 35. Several glosses andcommentaries on tracts on logic (e.g. al-lsa$u{l and al-Samsiyya) arementioned. A work on calendar computation (f. lla: Istifora{ al-Hilal ...) isenteled under this heading, and iagmini's work on astronomy is given here aswell. The greater philosophical textbooks, like Ibn Sina's a/-Sfiz'and hisal-Isarat wa-al-Tanblhat, or works by al-Farabi or al-Kindi are notrepresented in this section, nor any of lbn Sina's smaller and more popularrvorks for that matter. School texts, commentaries and glosses of recent dateare mentioned, but none of the great rvorks of the classical period.
L20lf. 11b. Books on arithmetic. Number of items: 16; number ofvolumes: l7; number of different titles: 17. Under this heading some books onmedicine, geometry and Qur'anic variant readings are mentioned as rvell.
l2ll ff. 1l b-12a. Persian books. Number of items: 68; number ofvolumes: 79; number of different titles: 68. Here the great Persian mystics,and classics of the Persian literature are mentioned: the Matnawt by Galalal-Din Rumi, the Dlwan of Hafiz, the Kamsa of Nizami, the Gulistan ofSa'di , 'Attarrs TaQkirat al-Awl iya' and several col lect ions of let ters(maktubdt). Several rvorks in Turkish are also given.
I22l ff. 12b-13b. Tracts of varied conrents. Number of items: 8-5;number of volumes: 85' number of different titles: 85. All the titles in thissection could easily have been entered under one of the previous headings.None of the rvorks of this section stands out for a special reason; it isapparently the remainder of al-1ayft Kalid's collection that is brought togetherhere.
Total number of items: 959; total number of volumes: 1 175; totalnumber of different titles: 872. on f 13b of the inventory the total number ofvolumes is (incorrectly) indicated by the copyist as 1166. Apart from theworks mentioned under 'philology' very fer,v of the books in the collectionr,vere written in the classical period of Arabic literature. The main irnpressionone has of this library is that it contained a great number of commentaries andsupercommentaries lvhich at most date back to the fifteenth century, but areusually much more recent. From the striking number of doubles it could beconcluded that the library was used as a study collection which could be usedby more persons than the owner alone. The legal documents which are attachedto the inventory do not, however, offer information on the actual use that wasmade of the collection during al-SayftKalid's lifetime. After the sum total ofvolumes follows the protocol of the previously described law suit (ff.l3b-l4a), written in nasta'hq script. The protocol is dated 5 Gumada ll lZ70(-5 March 1854). The signatures underthe protocol (f. l4a) are written in thehand of the copyist and were probably copied by him from the court minutes.
61 S U F I O R D E R S
Final ly , one may ask where the manuscr ipts of a l -sayk Kal id 's
collection are today. The inventory r'vhich is published here somehorv came in
the ?ahiriyya Library, but then, it probably lvas never kept together rvith the
manuscripts. The descriptions of the inventory are too scant to allor'v positive
identifications. Only ttvo manuscripts could be singled out and searched for in
catalcrgues of other collections. These are the special copy of al-Qamus
al-Muhlt with the waqfiyya in it, and al-Buhturi 's Dlwan al-l lamasa. The
catalogues of the Zahiriyya Librarl ' , however, do not mention these
manuscripts.l l f these two manuscripts are not in the Tahitiyya collections
thel' could be anywhere, and the same goes for the rest of al-iayftKalid's
library.
lAsma' al-Himsi, Fihris MaLlutat Dar al-Kutub al-Zahiriyya. 'ulum al-Luga al-'Arabiyya.
Damascus 13931 1973, pp. 17-34, mentions twenty-two copies of al-Qamis al-Muhtt' several of
rvhich would fit \\'ith the description of the copy in al-iayft Kalid's library. Although the
T.ahiriyya catalogue occasionally mentions ownership notes, no mention is made of a copy of
rhe Qamus rvith the waqft.vya in it. 'Izzat Hasan, Asma'� al -Himsi. Fihris Maktufit Dar al-Kutub
al-Zahirivva. eLSi'r. Damascus 138y',11964, does not mention al-Butlturi's Diwan al-Hamasa '
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Frederick DE JONG
SUFI ORDERSIN OTTOMAN AND
POST-OTTOMAN EGYPTAND TI{E MIDDLE EAST
a
Collected Studies
A N A L E C T A I S I S I A N AX L V I I I
Frederick DE JONG
SUFI ORDERSIN OTTOMAN AND POST-OTTOMAN
EGYPT AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Collected Studies
THE ISIS PRESSISTANBUL
1
L L d r t o )
a