the quasar pks 1510-089: direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. john...
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![Page 1: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 2: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 3: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 4: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 5: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 6: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 7: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 8: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 9: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 10: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 11: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
ultra-fast
![Page 12: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
+ VLBA + VLA + MERLIN + ARCHIVES
ultra-fast
![Page 13: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
+ VLBA + VLA + MERLIN + ARCHIVES
ultra-fast
![Page 14: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
+ VLBA + VLA + MERLIN + ARCHIVES
ultra-fast
![Page 15: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing
orientation of the central engine.
John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO),
C. C. Cheung & Dave Roberts (Brandeis)
+ VLBA + VLA + MERLIN + ARCHIVES
ultra-fast
![Page 16: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Properties• Gamma-ray blazar (EGRET)
• X-ray variable (RXTE, Marscher)
m opt > 5.4 m (Harvard plates, Liller)
• Redshift = 0.360; 1 mas = 5.0 pc (h=0.7)
These are characteristics of highly relativistic jets that make a small angle to the line of sight. They should also exhibit superluminal motion.
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Jan-Dec 1996, 15 GHz
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= 1.0 mas/yr
1510-089 at 22, 15 and 5 GHz
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Properties• Gamma-ray blazar (EGRET)
• X-ray variable (RXTE, Marscher)
• m opt > 5.4 m (Harvard plates, Liller)
• Redshift = 0.360; 1 mas = 5.0 pc (h=0.7)
app = 20
pattern > 20
line of sight ~ 1/20 rad ~ 3o
![Page 20: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The alignment of small and large scale structure
P.A. of parsec scale jet = -28o
![Page 21: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
5 GHzVLA image
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The misalignment of small and large scale srtructure
P.A. of parsec scale jet = -28o
• P.A. of kiloparsec scale jet = 155o
• The pc and kpc jets differ in direction on the sky by 177o. This is the most extreme misalignment known.
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Questions
Is the parsec scale jet a new jet? Or, do the pc and kpc jets join up? If so, how and where?
• Does the change in jet direction represent a deflection or fluid instability in the jet itself, on parsec or sub-parsec scales, or has the axis of the central engine changed?
We need low resolution VLBA observations
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1510-089 at 1.4 GHz, smoothed
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Feature at 300 mas is not a hotspot at the end of a new jet.
• If the highly polarized edge is a shock (terminal hotspot), then the total intensity should peak there too.
• The jet makes an angle ~ 3o to the line of sight, so the “hot spot” is viewed almost face-on (since vhotspot < vjet). So if the hotspot were a Laing sheet perpendicular to the jet, it could not exhibit ~70% polarization.
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1510-089 on three scales
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explanation
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Where is the
counter-lobe?
In projection, on the same side of the core as the VLA jet, and opposite the VLBA jet
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Behind the jet?
![Page 30: The quasar PKS 1510-089: Direct evidence for a changing orientation of the central engine. John Wardle (Brandeis), Dan Homan (NRAO), C. C. Cheung & Dave](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649eb35503460f94bb9f3a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Here it is
core
vla jet
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New interpretation
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New interpretation
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New interpretation
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New interpretation
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New interpretation
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New interpretation
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Inferred timescale
The rate at which the axis turns, , can be inferred from the turning point in the jet at 300 mas (1500 pc), and the observed superluminal motion.
If the fluid motion is ballistic at = 20, then 1/ ~ 104 years.
If, more realistically, the fluid pushes the jet outwards at an effective speed c, then 1/ ~ 4 x 106 years.
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Realignment timescale• If a rotating black hole and its accretion disk are
misaligned (galaxy merger?), they realign via Lense-Thirring drag (Bardeen & Petterson, 1975).
• The time scale for this is relatively fast (Natarajan & Pringle, 1998, Dennett- Thorpe et al 2002)
talign(yr) = 3.6 x 104 a11/16 (/0.01)13/8
x (LE/L)7/8 M8 –1/16
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1.4 – 5 GHzspectral index
map:the VLA jet is still populated
by recently accelerated electrons
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Conclusions• PKS 1510-089 is an extreme blazar in all
wavebands. (app = 20 and los~3o)
• On parsec scales, the jet points to the north-west
• The jet turns back across the line of sight at 300 mas, and feeds the south-eastern kpc jet.
• A counter-lobe has been found north-west of the core.
• The data suggest that the axis of the central engine has changed by ~20o relatively recently, perhaps due to a black hole merger.