the public health and economic benefits of taxing ssbs · the public health and economic benefits...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs
Roberta R. Friedman, ScMYale University
![Page 2: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Today
• Rudd Center
• Why target SSBs?– public health benefits
– economic benefits
• Taxes as part of broader public health strategy• Taxes as part of broader public health strategy– Other strategies to reduce consumption
• What to expect from industry
![Page 3: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
www.YaleRuddCenter.org
![Page 4: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
www.yaleruddcenter.org
• Strategic science
• Food marketing to kids
• School and pre-school initiatives
• Weight bias• Weight bias
• Legal and economic approaches
• Food and addiction
• Policy resources
![Page 5: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
www.yaleruddcenter.org
![Page 6: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Evaluating Sugary Drink Nutrition and
Marketing to Youth
www.sugarydrinkfacts.org
![Page 7: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
www.yaleruddcenter.org/press/image_gallery.aspx
7
![Page 8: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Definition: Any beverage with Definition: Any beverage with
added caloric sweetener
![Page 9: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SSB Tax Proposal
• Penny per ounce
– Any beverage w. added sugar
or
• Penny per teaspoon added sugar• Penny per teaspoon added sugar
– Incentive to reduce sugar
• Revenue for obesity prevention
![Page 11: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Impact of price changes
• 10% price increase = 10-12.6% consumption decrease
• Penny per oz = approx 20% increase• Penny per oz = approx 20% increase
• Enough to reduce net caloric intake and obesity
Andreyeva, AJPH, 2010; Smith, USDA ERS, 2010; Chaloupka, CCHSS, 2011
![Page 12: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Also looking for
• Decreased diabetes incidence
• Reduced obesity-related health care costs
![Page 13: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Andreyeva et al. Prev. Med. 2011
![Page 14: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
…would reduce
Wang et al. Health Affairs, 2011.
…would reduce
consumption by 15
percent among adults
ages 25-64.
![Page 15: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why target SSBs?
Largest source added sugarLargest source added sugar
![Page 16: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sources of added sugars, 2-19 yr, NHANES 2007-08
![Page 17: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sources of added sugars, 2-19 yr, NHANES 2007-08
![Page 18: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why target SSBs?
Science is strong and growingScience is strong and growing
![Page 19: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sept 2009
Since then, more studies…
![Page 20: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Child/adult overweight & obesity
• Committee on Nutrition, Council on Sports Med and
Fitness, Pediatrics, 2011
• Fiorito et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2009
• Lim et al., Obesity, 2009• Lim et al., Obesity, 2009
• Sichieri et al., Pub Health Nutr, 2009
• Woodward-Lopez et al., Pub Health Nutr, 2011
• Hu et al., Physiol Behav, 2010
![Page 21: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Elevated risk of type 2 Diabetes
• deKoning, AJCN, 2012
• Malik et al., Circulation, 2010
• Malik et al., Diabetes Care, 2010
![Page 22: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CVD in adolescents and adults
• Pollock et al., J Nutr, 2012)
• Bernstein et al., AJCN, 2012
• deKoning et al., Circ., 2012
• Aeberli et al., AJCN,2011
• Brown et al., Hypertension, 2011• Brown et al., Hypertension, 2011
• Duffey et al., AJCN, 2010
• Welsh et al., JAMA, 2010
• Fung et al., AJCN, 2009
![Page 24: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dental caries, erosion
• Committee on Nutrition, Council on Sports
Med and Fitness, Pediatrics, 2011)
• Buyer, J IN Dental Assn, 2009
• Warren et al, Commty Dent. Oral, 2009• Warren et al, Commty Dent. Oral, 2009
![Page 25: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NO association: Industry-funded
Meta-analyses
• Vartanian et al. AJPH, 2007
• Lesser et al., PLoS Med, 2007
Industry funding increased the
likelihood of a finding favorable to
the sponsor by 4- to 8-fold.
![Page 26: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Why target SSBs?
Consumption trendsConsumption trends
![Page 27: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Soda down slightly
45.45 44.70
2009 2010
45.45
Gallons/year per capita
44.70
Beverage World Data, 2011
![Page 28: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sports drinks up
3.78 4.10
2009 2010
3.78
Gallons/year per capita
4.10
Beverage World Data, 2011
![Page 29: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
RTD teas up
2.94 3.28
2009 2010
2.94
Gallons/year per capita
3.28
Beverage World Data, 2011
![Page 30: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Energy drinks up
1.16 1.25
2009 2010
1.16
Gallons/year per capita
1.25
Beverage World Data, 2011
![Page 31: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Why target: IntakeWhy target: Intake
![Page 32: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Average US intake = 45 gallons/yrAverage US intake = 45 gallons/yr
Andreyeva, et al., Prev. Med, 2011
![Page 33: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
16%
11%
12%
Chaloupka, CCHHS, 2011
11%6%
5%
![Page 34: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Daily Calories
Ogden et al., NCHS Data Brief, No. 71, 2011
![Page 35: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
By Race/Ethnicity
Ogden et al., NCHS Data Brief, No. 71, 2011
![Page 36: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
By Income
Ogden et al., NCHS Data Brief, No. 71, 2011
![Page 37: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The calories are…
• empty
• junk
• detrimental
• nutrition-less• nutrition-less
• whatever (bad thing) you want to call them….
![Page 38: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Maine is drinking…
Rudd Center tax calculator, www.yaleruddcenter.org
![Page 39: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Why target SSBs:Why target SSBs:
Marketing to Kids
![Page 40: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Sugary Drink FACTS
• 644 products, 61 brands, 14 companies
• $29 billion estimated sales
Share of sales in 2010:Share of sales in 2010:
Source: Symphony IRI
![Page 41: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Evaluating Sugary Drink Nutrition and
Marketing to Youth
www.sugarydrinkfacts.org
![Page 42: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Higher exposure significantly associated
with higher consumptionwith higher consumption
![Page 43: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Voluntary policies not working
• CFBAI
– Began 2006
– 17 companies
– No ads to kids under 12– No ads to kids under 12
![Page 44: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Industry fighting voluntary stds
sensiblefoodpolicy.org
![Page 45: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Coke’s CEO
“We are laser-focused on targeting the right consumers
….To target aging and affluent consumers globally, we
are actively exploring new ingredients, new
functionality and new occasions. At the same functionality and new occasions.
Businesswire.com, November 16, 2009
At the same time, we are creating new strategies that are winning over a massive new generation of teens to drive growth of Trademark Coca-Cola.”
![Page 46: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Targeting Youth
• Especially Black and Hispanic
• Despite pledges to market fewer SSBs,
industry is targeting youth with moreindustry is targeting youth with more
![Page 47: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
TV ads increased overall
3 companies doubled advertising
Children Teens
![Page 48: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Black children/teens view 80-90%
more TV ads than whites
![Page 49: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Product placements
![Page 50: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
YouTube
• Coke: 23 million upload views
• Red Bull: 158 million
• Monster: 11 million
![Page 51: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• 30 million fans, #1 brand on Facebook
![Page 52: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Mobile advertising
• Banner ads
• Text messages
From My Coke Rewards, 3/4/11:Want to boost ur balance? It’s easy to do. Enter 3 codes in the next 10 days and u’ll get 20 Bonus Points on us.
![Page 53: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Mobile apps
• Downloaded by 40,000 teens (25-40% of
users)
![Page 54: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Company websites
Visitors per month
2-11 years 12-17 years Minutes per
month
MyCokeRewards.com 42,000 128,900 9.2
Coca-Cola.com 3,800 32,600 1.6Coca-Cola.com 3,800 32,600 1.6
MyCoke.com 6,200 28,400 1.8
![Page 55: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Banner ads on 3rd-party websites
![Page 56: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
• 300,000 followers
@CocaCola 10/19/10: Smiles, laughs, bubbles. What else do you associate with Coca-Cola? ^OP
![Page 57: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Even Barbie
![Page 58: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Why target SSBs:Why target SSBs:
Caffeine
![Page 59: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Gratuitous addition of caffeine
• Coupled with calories
• Supposed taste enhancer
• AAP: “Rigorous review and analysis of the literature reveal that caffeine and other stimulant substances contained in energy drinks have no place in the diet of children and adolescents.”
Brownell, Griffiths, & Gold 2008; Keast & Riddell 2007; Griffiths & Vernotica, 2000
![Page 60: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Economic benefitsEconomic benefits
![Page 61: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
www.yaleruddcenter.org/sodatax.aspx
![Page 62: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Study: Obesity adds $190b in
health costs
• “The startling economic costs of obesity, often
borne by the non-obese, could become the borne by the non-obese, could become the
epidemic’s second-hand smoke.”
Reuters, 4/30/2012,msnbc.msn.com
![Page 63: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Estimated adult obesity-attributable percentages and
medical expenditures for Maine (2003 dollars)
Total population: 5.6% $357m
Medicare pop: 5.7% $66mMedicare pop: 5.7% $66m
Medicaid pop: 10.7% $137m
Finkelstein et al, Obes Res, 2004
![Page 64: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Earmarking
• School-based interventions
• Access to real food/subsidize real food
• Public education campaigns• Public education campaigns
• Community interventions
• Health care
![Page 65: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Tax as part of a broader approachTax as part of a broader approach
![Page 66: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
![Page 67: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The
Educate
MedicateLess
Knowledge
How best to make change?
The Individual
Implore Motivation
LessObesity?
Operate
![Page 68: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The
EconomicsLegislation
Optimal LessThe Individual
Optimal Defaults
Regulation
Environment
LessObesity?
![Page 69: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Change Environment:
Optimal DefaultsOptimal Defaults
69
![Page 70: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
SSB “Environment”
70
![Page 71: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Default: Encourages healthy behavior
![Page 72: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Default: supports responsible behavior
?
![Page 73: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Default: normalizes
![Page 74: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Obesity Prevention Strategies
Schools: food/p.a.Schools: food/p.a.
Built environ
Built environ
MarketingMarketingenvironenviron
Pricing strategies
Pricing strategies
Access to real foodAccess to real food
![Page 75: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
SSB strategiesTaxes/price strategies
Taxes/price strategies
Education. campaignsEducation. campaigns
Orgs lead by example
Orgs lead by example
Expose, monitor
marketing
Expose, monitor
marketing
SNAP?SNAP?SupermktsSupermkts
Fast food default
kids’ meals
Fast food default
kids’ meals
![Page 76: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Education: Portland, MEPortland, ME
![Page 77: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Education: Youth campaigns
YO! Youth Outlook, California
![Page 78: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Education: other
• School curricula
• Health care professionals
– Discuss with patients
![Page 79: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Lead by example: Healthy cities
![Page 80: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Lead by example: Hospitals
![Page 81: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Lead by example: Churches
Seattle
![Page 82: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Lead by example: no soda
![Page 83: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Monitor/Expose Marketing
![Page 84: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
![Page 85: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Brownell, JAMA, Sept 2011
![Page 86: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Supermarkets
• no SSBs in checkout aisles
• no SSBs on endcaps
• better beverages at eye-height
• signage: • signage:
– “water is better for you”
– “water is cheaper”
– sugar amounts
![Page 87: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Other pricing strategies
Differential Minimum Discount Differential pricing
Minimum pricing
Discount better bevs
![Page 88: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Calls for reducing added sugars,
SSB consumption
• American Academy Pediatrics
• American Heart Assn
• American Medical Assn• American Medical Assn
• CDC
• Institute of Medicine
• USDA
• World Health Organization
![Page 89: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
What to expect from the industryWhat to expect from the industry
![Page 90: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Millions spent lobbying by industry
Congress considers 1¢ per oz tax
Reuters, April 29, 2012
![Page 91: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Industry Defense
It won’’’’t solve obesity
Many things drive obesity
Consumption is down, obesity is up
True
True
False
People will lose jobs
It’’’’s about physical activity
The science isn’’’’t clear
Tax would hurt the poor
Sugar isn’’’’t special – all calories are equal
False
False
False
False
False
![Page 92: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
“We’re part of the solution”
![Page 93: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Clear on Calories
![Page 95: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs · The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing SSBs Roberta R. Friedman, ScM Yale University](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040705/5e032c7cd9e2ea2f204219d7/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
www.yaleruddcenter.org/ssbtax
• Issue overview and fact sheets
• Tax information
• Revenue calculator
• Legislation• Legislation
• Public opinion data
• Study synopses
• Supporting statements of nat’l orgs
• Additional resources